高考英语大一轮复习 第1部分 基础知识考点 unit 4 astronomy the science of the stars课件 新人教版必修

.高考单词识记思考运用 1.核心词汇 _ vi.& vt.乘；增加 _ vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落 _ vt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽 _ vt.& vi.使浮动；使漂浮 n.漂浮物 _ vt.& vi.使迷惑；使为难 n.谜；难题 _ vi.生存；存在 existence n.存在；生存 _ adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 _ n.暴力 _ adj.有害的 _ n.& vt.伤害，损害 答案 multiply crash exhaust float puzzle exist violent；violence harmful；harm 2.常考词汇 unlike prep._ pull n.& vt._ gentle adj._ thus adv._ mass n. _ gravity n._ fundamental adj._ fundament n._ religion n._religious adj._ biology n._biologist n._ biological adj._ physicist n._physics n._ extinct adj._extinction n._ 答案 与不同；不像 拉(力)；拖；牵引力 温和的 ；文雅的 因此；于是 质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众 万有引力；重力 基本的；基础的 基础，根本 宗教； 宗教信仰 宗教的 生物学 生物学家 生物学的 物理学 家 物理学 灭绝的；绝种的 灭绝 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.It can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in _ (exist).(2016全国，阅读C) 2.I began to learn this when I had my car _ (crash). (2016天津，阅读B) 3.One important _ (biology) factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women.(2016四川，七选五) 4.Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers，patterns and _ (mass) of color. (2016全国，七选五) 5.Daydreams are often very simple and direct，quite _ (like) sleep dreams，which may be hard to understand. (2015北京，七选五) 6.However，_ (physics) Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way.(2015四川，阅读E) 7.Some experts think reading is the _ (fundament) skill upon which school education depends.(2015安徽，28) 8.There was a _ (puzzle) look on the little girls face because a _ (puzzle) problem _ (puzzle) her. 答案 1.existence 2.crashed 3.biological 4.masses 5.unlike 6.physicist 7.fundamental 8.puzzled；puzzling； puzzled 【联想积累】 “推，拉”家族 pull n.& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力 draw vt.& vi.拖，拉 drag vt.& n.拖，拉，拽 push v.& n.推，推动(力) “碰、撞”家族 hit v.碰撞，打击 crash v.碰撞；坠落 bump n.& v.撞；碰撞(声) collide v.碰撞；相撞 collision n.撞击；碰撞 run into 撞上 knock into 撞上 knock together相撞 后缀-ist必备名词荟萃 archaeologist 考古学家 biologist 生物学家 chemist 化学家physicist 物理学家 psychologist 心理学家specialist 专家 sociologist 社会学家scientist 科学家 typist 打字员tourist 旅游者，游客 .重点短语识记思考运用 1.动词介词/副词 cheer _ 感到高兴；感到振奋 depend _ 依靠；取决于 break _ 突发；爆发 block _ 挡住(光线) prevent._ 阻止；制止 答案 up on out out from 2.动词名词(介词) _ eggs 下蛋 _ birth to 产生；分娩 _ the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解 答案 lay give get 3.其他形式 _ that 既然 _ time 及时；终于 _ ones turn 轮到某人；接着 watch out _ 密切注意；当心；提防 答案 now in in for 用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空 1.The manager wants to see changes in the company，and I am sure he will _.(2013陕西，24) 2._！You must believe in yourself and you will get success. 3._ sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly while driving. 4.Youd better come up with a good idea to _ her _，otherwise she may give up halfway. 5.A fierce fight _ between the two brothers just because of a small thing. 答案 1.in time 2.Cheer up 3.Watch out for 4.cheer；up 5.broke out 【联想积累】 “动词from”短语一览 keep/stop/prevent.from阻止；制止 separate.from 把和分离开 differ from 与不同 suffer from 受苦 hear from 收到的来信 die from 因而死 learn from 向学习 result from 由于 date from 始于时期 benefit from受益于 .经典句式识记思考运用 原句背诵感悟 1.“Oh，dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” “天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一 练了。” 2.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球变得如此激烈动荡以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继 续存在下去。 句型公式仿写 1.now that引导原因状语从句 _(既然你对中国传统文化感兴趣)，I thought this festival would be a worthwhile experience for you. (2015全国，书面表达) 2.whether.or not是否，引导名词性从句 She was in doubt_ (她是否正确). 答案 1.Now that you are interested in traditional Chinese culture 2.whether she was right or not 【联想积累】 表示原因的连词(短语)小结 (1)now (that)相当于since，是连词短语，用来引导原因状语从 句，口语中经常省略that。 (2)because因为(语气较重，常用于回答why引导的疑问句)。 (3)since因为；既然(可与now that互换)，as因为(语气较弱)。 (4)for因为(并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，表示进一 步的补充说明)。 单 词 点 睛 1.exist vi.存在，在于 教材原句They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. 他们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。 高考必备词汇精讲精练 (1)exist in存在于之中 exist onlive on靠为为生 There exist(s)/existed.某地有/存在 (2)existence n.存在；生存 come into existence产产生；成立；开始存在 【特别提醒】 exist没有被动语态 ，也不能用于进行时态。 单句语法填空/单句改错/写作运用 You cant imagine what difficulty they have existing _ the money hes earning. Im lucky because I know my first home still exist. Ever since a long time ago，_ (存在着) different opinions among scientists on how the universe first _ (存在). 答案 on existexists there have existed； existed/came into existence 2.puzzle n.谜；难题 vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 教材原句How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve. 地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。 (1)a puzzle一件让让人感到困惑的事情 be in a puzzle不知如何是好 be in a puzzle aboutbe puzzled about对对迷惑不 解 (2)puzzle over/about苦思冥想；绞绞尽脑脑汁 (3)puzzling adj.令人困惑的 puzzled adj.感到困惑的 【特别提醒】 puzzled意为“迷惑的，不解的”，往往用于指人或 人的表情、脸色等；puzzling意为“令人迷惑的，让人不解的” ，往往指物。 单句语法填空/单句改错/写作运用 She gave me a hug and asked me to think about it.I was _ (puzzle).(2014天津，完形) The firemen were in puzzle about the cause of the fire. People have long _ (对感到困惑) how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.(2015四川，阅读E) 答案 puzzled puzzle前加a (been) puzzled over/about/ been in a puzzle over/about 3.pull n.& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力 教材原句As the rocket rose into the air，we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity. 随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。 pull away(汽车车等)开走 pull down拆毁；摧毁 pull in(车辆车辆 )进进站停靠；靠边边停靠 pull out驶驶出；拉出，拔出 pull up把拉过过来；(使)停下 单句语法填空/单句改错/写作运用 When they _ (pull) the carpet up in my old bedroom ，they found the ring.(2013福建，阅读A) They were so deeply involved in the matter that they found it hard to pulling out. It was impossible for Joe to climb back or for Simon _ (把他拽上来).(2014全国，完形) 答案 pulled pullingpull to pull him up 1.harmful adj.有害的；伤害的 教材原句What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使得地球得以把 有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。 常考必会词汇理解辨认 单句语法填空/单句阅读理解(说出黑体部分的语义) Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are _ (harm)，it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who dont like them.(2014福建，阅读E) These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing/doing serious harm to life and the environment. (2013安徽，书面表达) Smoking can be harmful to your health. 答案 harmful 对造成严重的破坏 对有害 2.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 教材原句The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存 在下去。 单句语法填空/单句阅读理解(说出黑体部分的语义) Anne says，“Kindness can build on itself as much as _ (violent) can.”(2014广东，阅读B) All in all，watching the violent movies not only has bad effects on peoples mental health，but can also cause more hurts in our life. A violent storm hit the city last night，which caused a lot of damage. 答案 violence 暴力电影 暴风雨 短 语 点 拨 1.in time 及时；终于；迟早 高考佳句We arrived in the summer，just in time to enjoy the midnight sun.(2014 四川，阅读B) 我们夏季到达，恰好赶上欣赏午夜太阳的奇景。 in no time立刻，马马上 on time准时时 at times有时时 at a time每次，逐一 at one time一度；曾经经 at no time决不，从不(用在句首时时，句子要部分倒装) 单句语法填空/单句改错/写作运用 Im writing this letter to express my apology to you for not writing you back _ time.(2013山东，书面表达) At no time they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them. As a proverb goes，“Where there is a will，there is a way.” Our efforts _ (迟早会有所回报).(2014山东， 书面表达) 答案 in they前加did will pay off in time 2.prevent.from 阻止；制止 教材原句They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳释 放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。 prevent/stop.(from) doing sthkeep.from doing sth 阻止做某事 keep.doing sth使一直做某事 protect.from保护护不受侵袭袭；挡挡住；防御 【特别提醒】 (1)在主动语态 中，stop和prevent的搭配中可省去from；而 keep.from doing sth中的from不可省略。 (2)在被动语态 里，这三个搭配中的from均不可省略。 单句语法填空/单句改错/写作运用 Beehives(蜂窝)either recorded or realmay even prevent elephants from _ (damage) farmers crops.(2014安徽， 阅读B) If you are prevented coming，will you let me know ahead of time? In that case，eat before the flight，or an empty stomach will _ (让你睡不着觉).(2015重庆，完形) 答案 damaging prevented后加from prevent/stop you (from) sleeping/keep you from sleeping 句 式 透 析 1.教材原句But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨 度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。 倍数表达式： (1)倍数as.as. (2)倍数比较级较级 than (3)倍数the size/height/l