中考英语专题复习 选词填空（语法考点精讲真题精炼）

在学生就要走出校门的时候，班级工作仍要坚持德育先行，继续重视对学生进行爱国主义教育、集体主义教育、行为规范等的教育，认真落实学校、学工处的各项工作要求选词填空一、选词填空题的命题特点选词填空相当于完形填空的一种变形，即将一篇短文中的若干个词抽出，要求考生在每个空格处填上一个词，使短文意思完整。该题型是对考生综合能力的考查，包括阅读理解能力、基础语法能力、单词拼写能力和语言表达能力等。通过观察近几年的中考题可以发现，选词填空的文章以记叙文和议论文为主，一般设10至12个空，每空一词。所填单词也以实词为主，兼顾虚词。其考点如下：1. 考查词性、词形的转换。这一考点通常占较大比重，集中考查动词的时态及语态、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、名词的单复数等知识点。这就要求考生首先要理解短文的主旨大意，弄清语法、句子的结构等问题。2. 考查固定搭配。对于这类题目，我们平时要注重固定搭配的积累，比如习惯用语中的介词、固定句式中的连词等。3. 考查关联词。关联词连接两个或更多的分句，体现了句子之间的关系。它们在句中虽不是主要成分，但起着衔接和连贯的作用。关联词的选择主要取决于考生对上下文的理解。4. 考查推断能力。该考点侧重考查考生对整篇文章的把控能力，能根据已有的信息进行适当的推断，做出正确的判断。二、选词填空题的解题步骤1. 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。在做题时，要跳过空格处，快速阅读全文，注意找出关键词，从整体上把握全文大意。要注重对短文首句的理解，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测文章主题。 通过上下文的句子，充分理解短文的内容，注意发现固定搭配，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格处所缺的信息，根据需要从备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。2. 精心解题，确定语意，边读边做。认真复读短文，确定空格处所需词语的意义；再根据空格处在句中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性；然后依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。做题时，要先易后难，首先选出那些根据上下文能确定的答案，比如固定词组、句型或常见的语法结构等。对于一时把握不准的空格，可以暂时放一放，把容易做的先做好。把所有能够确定的空格填完后，再通读全文，利用排除法等来确定把握不准的空格。答题过程中不要把注意力只集中在空格处，而忽略其与全句、全文的关系，适合单句的选择未必适合全文。所以，要注意单句与中心思想的关系，围绕中心思想确定答案。3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。细读一遍完成的短文，从上下文内容是否协调一致、语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。例如：(2016山东临沂中考选词填空) 根据短文内容，从方框中选出恰当的单词或短语填空，使语意通顺完整。每个选项只能用一次，有两项剩余。A. whatB. returnedC. preparationsD. beforeE. got offF. himselfG. attendH. ifI. RecentlyJ. duringK. got upL. nationalHow does David Cameron，the British prime minister，spend his day? What does he do every day? 1，some reporters had a chance to spend a whole day with him and made a short video about a day in his life. Mr. Cameron 2 at 6 a. m. He opened the fridge and made breakfast. He likes fish，tomato and lemon and made a simple sandwich of it for 3. At 7 a. m. ，all was quiet in the kitchen as Mr. Cameron sat by a table and read his diary for the day. He read notes and thought about 4 to discuss with his team members. After a quick shower and a change of clothes，it was time to start the working day with the cabinet (内阁) meeting. He first discussed with members from the Conservative Party (保守党) before going to a bigger cabinet meeting. There were a lot of decisions to make 5 the meetings. At eleven oclock，Mr. Cameron answered questions from newspapers and radio stations. He also recorded some radio messages and television speeches for6 holidays，such as Christmas Day and New Years Day. In the afternoon，Mr. Cameron prepared for the Prime Ministers Questions for the next day. It takes him about half an hour to answer questions from more than 600 Members of Parliament (国会议员) every Wednesday. Before the question time，about ten people help him make 7. Each week，Mr. Cameron has to8 a private meeting with The Queen. So at six in the afternoon，he left Downing Street (唐宁街) and went to Buckingham Palace (白金汉宫). He 9 from Buckingham Palace at seven. A day of hard work ended around eight oclock. Mr. Cameron read books and watched television in his bedroom 10 he went to sleep at about eleven oclock. 短文大意：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了英国首相卡梅伦每天的生活。1. I此处位于句首，考虑副词，结合选项，只有I项符合。故选I。2. K此处为谓语，结合句意“早上六点卡梅伦先生”可知是起床。故选K。3. F由句意“他喜欢鱼、西红柿和柠檬，并且为做了一个简单的三明治”可知是为他自己。故选F。4. A由句意“他读笔记并考虑和他的小组成员讨论”可知是讨论什么。故选A。5. J句意：在会议期间有许多决定要做。故选J。6. L此处修饰holidays，应填形容词。national是形容词，意为“国家的”。故选L。7. C此处为名词，结合句意“在问题时间之前，大约十个人帮他做”可知是做准备。故选C。8. G由has to可知此处为动词原形，结合句意“每周，卡梅伦先生必须一个与女王的私人约会”可知是参加约会。故选G。9. B此处为谓语动词，由句意“他七点从白金汉宫”可推知是返回。故选B。10. D此处为连词，引导时间状语从句，故选D。Test 1A(2015山东临沂)根据短文内容，从方框中选出恰当的单词或短语填空，使语意通顺完整。每个选项只能用一次，有两项剩余。A. everyoneB. how longC. weakD. higherE. instead ofF. HoweverG. speedH. leftI. untilJ. lowerK. enjoyedL. how farIsaac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe，England，on December 25，1642. He was born early and he was very1. No one believed he could continue to live. But he surprised 2. He had one of the most powerful minds in history. And he lived 3 he was 84. Newtons father died before he was born. His mother married again a few years later. She4 Newton with his grandmother. The boy was not a good student. Yet he was curious(好奇的) and liked to make things，such as kites，clocks and simple machines. Newton also 5 finding new ways to answer questions or solve problems. As a boy，for example，he wanted to find a way to measure(测量) the 6 of the wind. On a windy day，he measured how far he could jump with the wind at his back. Then he measured 7 he could jump with the wind in his face. From the difference between the two jumps，he made his own measure of the power of the wind. Strangely，Newton became a much better student after a boy kicked him in the stomach. The boy was one of the best students in the school. Newton decided to get even(报复) by getting 8 marks than the boy who kicked him. In a short time，Newton became the top student at the school. Newton left school to help on the family farm. 9，the boy was not a good farmer. He spent his time solving math problems，instead of taking care of the farm. He spent hours visiting a bookstore in town，10 selling his vegetables in the market. An uncle believed that Newton would do better as a student than as a farmer. So he sponsored(资助) the young man into Cambridge University to study math. 短文大意：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了物理学家牛顿的生平事迹。他出生在英国，遭遇了很多不幸，天生体质很差，但是奇迹般地长寿，并且做出了伟大的贡献。故事告诉我们，他的成功主要是因为他勤于做事，善于动脑。正是他的不断努力，他终于获得支持，最终走向成功。1. C句意：他是早产儿，而且很。根据空前的was是系动词可知要用形容词构成系表结构，又根据下句No one believed he could continue to live. (没有人相信他能活下来。)可知他出生时身体是虚弱的，故选C。2. A句意：但是他让 感到惊讶。承接上文“没有人相信他能活下来”及后句He had one of the most powerful minds in history. (他有历史上最强的大脑之一。)可知是他让大家感到惊讶，故选A。3. I句意：他活 他84岁。此句虽短，但是个复合句，所以需要连词。根据前面的“他让大家惊讶(即身体虚弱却能活下来)”推知这里是：他一直活到84岁，即用连词until(直到为止)，故选I。4. H句意：她把牛顿他奶奶。根据上句“他的妈妈几年后又结婚了”以及这个句子缺谓语动词可知是妈妈“留下”他，应用leave的过去式left，是妈妈把牛顿留给了他奶奶，故选H。5. K句意：牛顿也 寻找回答或解决问题的新方法。承接上文的“牛顿喜欢制作东西”，这里构成了：也“喜欢”寻找新方法。根据空后的finding可知是enjoy finding“喜欢寻找”，故选K。6. G句意：例如，作为一个男孩，他想要找到测量风的的方法。根据空前的冠词the和空后的介词of可知要填名词，又根据下文的“顺风跳和逆风跳”可知目的就是测量风的“速度”，故选G。7. L句意：然后，他测量逆风他能跳。该句和上句On a windy day，he measured how far he could jump with the wind at his back. 是并列关系，所以这里还是测量能跳“多远”，即还是how far，故选L。8. D句意：牛顿决定通过取得比那个踢他的男孩成绩来报复。由空后的marks是名词可知需要形容词来修饰，又根据后面的than可知需要比较级，选项D、J两项是比较级，由语境可知是“取得更高的成绩”，用higher而不是lower，故选D。9. F句意：，这个男孩不是个好农民。该空位于句首，可见是单独的句首状语，需要副词形式。前句句意：牛顿毕业去家庭农场帮忙。该句和前句在意思上是转折关系，所以要用副词however“然而”，故选F。10. E句意：他花时间参观镇上的书店，在市场卖菜。该句和上句都是罗列这个不好的农民的表现。上句句意：他的时间不是用来照看农场，而是解决数学题。所以该句是：他的时间不是用来卖菜，而是用来参观书店，正好用介词短语instead of与空后的selling搭配，故选E。B(2016山西)根据语篇内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。方框中有两个词为多余项。ImaketeachafterlargecontroltryleafsmallquietbeforewithoutAs a child，I got angry quite easily and was not good at communicating with others. I still remember it was an early autumn. Some1started to turn yellow and the weather became cool. One day，as I was getting ready for school，my mother carelessly handed me my fathers vest(背心) instead of 2. At that time，I was getting to have a 3 size than my father，so when I put on the vest，I felt as if I wasnt able to breathe! I realized that it was a small mistake which4 by my mother，but somehow the breathless feeling was so strong that it made me very angry. My mother said sorry with a smile，but I shouted at her5thinking much. I got it off my body so wildly that I made a hole in it. I put on my own vest and rushed out of the house 6 my mother could stop me. Later，my mother shared her bad feelings with my father，“See what your son has done. ” Instead of saying he would scold(责备) or beat me，my father 7asked my mother to mend the vest. Later when my mother told me about my fathers response，I felt ashamed (惭愧的) of my bad behavior. My fathers gentle kindness8 me a lesson which I would never forget. On that day，I decided not to let anger9 me any longer. Of course，there are times when I am angry. However，whenever that happens，I 10to remember my fathers vest. It always reminds me to think about others feelings when I get angry. 短文大意：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者小时候很容易动怒，后来在经历了“背心”风波后，爸爸的行为让他感到惭愧，他决定不再轻易生气了。1. leaves由上文中的an early autumn及常识可知，初秋“叶子”开始变黄，some意为“一些”，其后若接可数名词，应用名词的复数形式，故填leaves。2. mine 由下文中的I put on my own vest and rushed out of the house可知，此处应指“我的背心”，空后没有名词，应使用名词性物主代词。结合选项可知，应用I的名词性物主代词mine。3. larger 由than可知，此处应使用比较级；由下文中的I felt as if I wasnt able to breathe (我感觉仿佛我要窒息了) 可知，“我”比爸爸的块头更大。故填larger。4. was made 由mistake 可知，空格处应填make的相应形式，make a mistake“犯错误”，由by my mother及上文的时态可知，应使用一般过去时态的被动语态。故填was made。5. without 由句意“妈妈笑着向我道歉，但是我多想就朝她吼。”及空后的thinking可知，此处应填介词without。6. before由空格前后为两个句子可知，此处应使用连词，“我穿上自己的背心就冲出了房子”应发生在“妈妈阻止我”之前，故填before。7. quietly由asked及下文中的My fathers gentle kindness (我爸爸的和善) 可知，空格处应使用quiet的副词形式quietly。8. taught teach sb. a lesson “给某人一个教训”，为固定短语。根据语篇时态可知，应使用一般过去时态。故填taught。9. control 由下文It always reminds me to think about others feelings when I get angry. (当我生气时它总是提醒我要考虑一下别人的感受。) 可知，此处指“我”决定不再让愤怒“控制”自己，结合let sb. do sth. 及选项可知，应填control。10. will try主语之后缺少谓语动词，根据空格后宾语to remember可知，空格处应为跟动词不定式作宾语的动词，结合选项可知，应用try的适当形式；根据whenever that happens可知，主句应使用一般将来时态。故填will try。Test 2A(2016吉林)从方框中选择正确选项，完成短文。(方框中有两个选项是多余的)A. foodB. saveC. importantD. underE. lyingF. anythingG. itH. fireI. because ofJ. backK. wasteL. refusedSome years ago，a big fire burned down a large part of a city. Lots of houses were broken. A rich lady was hurrying through the crowd of people，trying to 1 a box of valuable things from the fire. After running out of the2，she met a little boy in the street. She called him and said，“Take this box，my boy，and do not part with3until I see you again. I will reward (回报)you well. ” The boy took the box，and the lady turned4to search for something else. Just then many people came rushing between the lady and the boy，and they couldnt see each other. That night，the lady lived in a friends home outside the city. The next day she looked for the boy everywhere，but she couldnt hear 5 of him. There were some very 6letters and all her treasures in the box. The lady was very upset 7 losing them. But on the following night，someone found the boy8 on the ground with the box at a corner. He had been there for a long time without9 . The boy was almost dead with hunger，but he never thought of leaving the box. Of course the lady was going to give the boy some money，but he10. The lady trusted him，and he wouldnt let her down. It is the spirit that turns the boy into a hero. 短文大意：几年前的一场大火烧毁了一个城市的大部分。一位有钱的女士从火中抢救出一箱子贵重物品，交给街上一个小男孩保管，承诺要给他回报。女士对他信任，他也没有让那位女士失望。他几乎饿死也从没有考虑过要遗弃那个箱子，事后也不接受回报。正是这种精神，使这个男孩变成了英雄人物。1. B try to do sth. 意为“尽力做某事”，to后接动词原形。由后面的宾语a box of valuable things和所给选项可知，此处用动词save，save a box of valuable things from the fire表示“把一箱子贵重物品从火中抢救出来”。故选B。2. H 由上句中的trying to1a box of valuable things from the fire (尽力从火中一箱子贵重物品) 可知，女士是从火里跑了出来。3. G it代替上文的this box。由后句I will reward you well. (我将好好报答你。) 可知，此句应意为“拿着这个箱子，我的孩子，直到我再见到你，你才要与它分开”。4. J 由to search for something else (寻找别的东西) 可知，这位女士回到大火中。turn back意为“往回走”。5. F 空格处作动词hear的宾语，因此要用名词或代词，分析所给的选项可知，anything符合逻辑。句意：第二天，她到处找这个男孩，但是没有听说 (关于) 他的任何事情。6. C 修饰名词letters，要用形容词，分析所给的选项可知，important符合逻辑。句意：在箱子里有一些非常重要的信和她所有的金银财宝。7. I句中的them指代上文的letters and all her treasures，“这位女士非常难过”是因为“失去信和她所有的金银财宝”，因此填because of。8. E 此句符合“find+宾语+现在分词 (作宾语补足语)”结构，故填lying。句意：但在接下来的晚上，有人发现这个男孩带着箱子躺在一个拐角的地上。9. A 由下文The boy was almost dead with hunger (这个男孩几乎饿死) 可知，他已经在那里很长一段时间了并且没有吃东西。without后面接名词food。10. L but表示转折关系，由前半句“当然这位女士打算给这个男孩一些钱”可知，后半句应意为“但是他拒绝了”。B(2015山西)根据语篇内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。方框中有两个词为多余项。sowewhoteachbrightdifferentheeyeshowheartcompleteunderstandFew people today educate the children about the value of empathy(同情；同感). Most people feel so hard 1 their love and care towards others and to actually understand what they are going through. When I was a child，I 2 to go out of my way to make someone else happy. My mom would tell me to say at least one kind word to someone else every day. I admit that it wasnt very easy to do. But as soon as you see the look of thanks in that persons 3，you just want to do as much as you can. I had an experience with a young man4 people were always making fun of. Every time I saw that happening，I knew in my heart that it was wrong. I decided I would try to be his friend. I started walking with him and introducing him to people around 5. I was making him happy by just doing that. And I loved the fact that I was really making a 6 in his life. After a while，I realized that he wasnt the kind of person everybody thought he was. We are still really good friends today. People have almost 7 stopped making fun of him. But he is still what he was. What had changed was the attitudes of others towards him. From this experience I 8 that I should be more loving towards other people already. What I did for my friend was so easy，and at the same time I had a lot of fun，9I hope that everyone could say a kind word to someone else at least once a day. I can promise it will be the best feeling you can ever get. One kind word could make someones day 10. Why not do it from now on? 短文大意：作者通过自己的努力和一个大家都取笑的人成为了朋友，改变了众人的态度，这使我们明白了一个道理：一句善良的话能使别人的一天更加美好。让我们从现在开始