中考英语总复习第八章动词的时态课件

第 八 章 动 词 的 时 态 时态是英语谓语动词通过自身的变化来表示行为、动作 和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，时态结构 指的是相应时态下的动词形式。英语中，动词有16种时 态，但初中英语要求掌握六种：一般现在时、一般过去 时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成 时。 考 点 1 一 般 现 在 时 1. 一般现在时的用法和构成 (1) 表示现在的状态:She is 12 years old. (2) 表示经常或习惯性的动作: He goes to work by bus every day. (3) 表示主语具备的性格和能力:The boy is able to speak English very well. (4) 普遍的真理和自然规律: Light travels much faster than sound. 否定句 主语+be (am/is/are)+not+表语:She is not/isnt 12 years old. 主语+dont/doesnt+动词原形+宾语: He doesnt go to work by bus every day. 肯定句 主语+is/am/are+表语:He is 13 years old. 主语+动词原形/动词第三人称单数+宾语: He goes to work by bus every day. 标志词: (1) sometimes，often，usually，always (2) every day/week/month/year (3) on Sunday/Monday (4) once a week，twice a month (5) in the morning/afternoon/evening 特殊疑问句 疑问词+be+主语+表语:How old is she？ 疑问词+do/does+主语+动词原形+宾语: How does he go to work every day？ 一般疑问句 Be+主语+表语: Is she 12 years old？ Do/Does+主语+动词原形+宾语:Does he go to work by bus every day？ 2. 动词第三人称单数的构成方式 构成方式举举例 (1) 一般在词尾加-s swim swims， like likes， (2) 以s，x，ch，sh结尾的 动词后加-es fix fixes，pass passes ， wash washes， watch watches (3) 不发音的e结尾的动词 只在e后面加-s write writes， ride rides (4) 以 “辅音字母+y” 结尾 的动词，变y为i，再加-es study studies， fly flies (5) 不规则变 化have has，go goes do does 真题热身 ( ) 1. Whats your father? He is a doctor. He _ in a local hospital. (2015绵阳市) 1. worked B. has worked C. works D. will work ( ) 2. Next month were going somewhere interesting as soon as the holiday_ . (2015潍坊市) A. will begin B. has begun C. begins D. is beginning 中 考 真 题 C C 考 点 2 一 般 过 去 时 1. 一般过去时的用法和构成 (1) 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态:I stayed up late when I was in Grade 9. 否定句 主语+wasnt/werent+表语She wasnt in Shanghai 3 days ago. 主语+didnt+动词原形+宾语They didnt have a good time last night. (2) 表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作: My father used to be a worker. 肯定句 主语+was/were+表语:She was in Shanghai 3 days ago. 主语+动词过去式:They had a good time last night. 一般疑问句 Was/Were+主语+表语: Was she in Shanghai 3 days ago？ Did+主语+动词原形+宾语: Did they have a good time last night？ 特殊疑问句 疑问词+was/were+主语+表语: When was she in Shanghai？ 疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+宾语 :What did your father use to be？ 标志词: (1) last+ (2) yesterday，the day before yesterday (3) ago(4) just now (5) after+一段时间，after a while，after ten minutes (6) 表示过去的时间词 2. 动词过去式的构成方式 构成方式举举例 (1) 一般在词尾加-ed jump jumped， climb climbed (2) 以e结尾的动词后只加-d like liked, dance danced (3) 以辅音字母y结尾的动词 ，变y为i，再加-ed carry carried， study studied (4) 以重读闭音节结尾的动 词，先双写最后一字母再加 -ed stop stopped， plan planned (5) 不规则变 化sit sat，read read 中考 真题 ( ) Have you ever been to Xiamen？ Yes. I _ there in 2013. (2015龙岩市) A. go B. went C. have gone B 真题热身 考点3 现在进行时 (1) 表示现在 (说话瞬间) 正在进行或发生的动作。 如：Listen，whos singing？ (2) 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态 (但说话时 这个动作不一定在进行)。 如：We are preparing the final examinations these days. (3) 瞬间动词 (如come，go，leave，arrive，start，die等) 用 现在进行时表示将来。 如：Be quick，the bus is coming. 肯定句 主语+be (is，am，are)+doing: We are listening to music now. 否定句 主语+be not + doing: She isnt sleeping at the moment. 一般疑问句 Be+主语+doing : Is she sleeping at the moment？ 特殊疑问句 疑问词+be+主语+doing: What is she doing at the moment ？ 标志词: (1) Listen！/Look！ (2) now，at the moment，at present (3) these days，this month (4) all the time，always (含有感情色彩，表示厌烦、赞扬等 ) (5) while引导的状语从句中 (6) 上下文提示 2. 动词现在分词的构成方式 构成方式举举例 (1) 一般在词尾加-ing jump jumping， read reading (2) 以不发音e结尾的动词， 去e再加-ing dance dancing， make making (3) 以重读闭音节结尾的动 词，先双写最后一个字母再 加-ing shop shopping， plan planning (4) 不规则变 化lie lying，die dying， tie tying 真题热身 ( )1. What are you doing now, Lily? I _ music. (2015龙岩市) A. am listening to B. listen to C. will listen to ( ) 2. Pass the raincoat to me, please. It _ hard now. Here you are.（2016福州市) A. is raining B. rained C. will rain 中 考 真 题 A A 考 点 4 过 去 进 行 时 (1) 表示过去某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作或存 在的状态: She was watching TV at nine last night. 过去进行时的用法和构成 (2) 表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个过去 的动作正在进行：I got home when my mother was cooking dinner. (3) 表示两个过去的动作同时进行，这时可用连接词 while连接：Jim was reading a book while Jane was listening to music. 肯定句 主语+was/were + doing :We were watching a movie from 7 to 9 last night. 否定句 主语+wasnt/werent + doing: We werent watching a movie from 7 to 9 last night. 一般疑问句 Was/Were+主语+doing: Were you watching a movie from 7 to 9 last night？ 特殊疑问句 疑问词+was/were+主语+doing When were you watching a movie last night？ (1) at that time，then (那时) (2) at this time yesterday，at 8 oclock yesterday，from 6 to 8 last night (3) when，while，all morning 标志词: 真题热身 ( )1. How did the accident happen? The girl _ WeChat(微信)while walking across the street. (2016漳州市) A. reads B. is reading C. was reading ( ) 2. Miss Lin _ my desk-mate with her lessons when I left school. She is really a nice teacher.(2015福州市) A. helps B. is helping C. was helping 中考真题 C C 考 点 5 一 般 将 来 时 一般将来时的用法和构成 (1) 表示将来的动作或状态:He will go to the USA soon. (2) be going to do表示准备或打算做某事或根据迹象表明 “ 将会发生某事”: Im going to visit my aunt this weekend. (3) be doing表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情，常用这 种结构的有come，go，leave，arrive，start等: He is leaving for the USA soon. 肯定句 主语+will+动词原形He will teach us English next term. 主语+be going to+动词原形Jim is going to have a party soon. 否定句 主语+will not/wont+动词原形He wont teach us English next term.主语+be not going to+动词原形Jim isnt going to have a party soon. 一般疑问句 Will+主语+动词原形:Will he teach us English next term？ Be+主语+going to+动词原形:Is Jim going to have a party soon ？ 特殊疑问句 疑问词+will+主语+动词原形:What will he teach us next term ？疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形:When are you going to visit your aunt？ 标志词: (1) next week/month/year (2) “in+一段时间”：in a week/two days/ten minutes (3) tomorrow，the day after tomorrow (4) 表示将来的时间词：soon，in 2019，at the end of this year 真题热身 ( ) Have you watched the new movie Kung Fu Panda 3, Kelly? Not yet. I _ it with my classmate tonight. (2016泉州市) A. will watch B. was watching C. have watched 中 考 真 题 A 考 点 6 现 在 完 成 时 1. 现在完成时的用法和构成 (1) 表示动作发生在过去，但对现在造成影响和结果。如 ：Ive finished my homework，so Im watching TV now. (2) 表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能延续下 去。如：I have worked in the company for 10 years. 肯定句 主语+has/have+动词过去分词。如：She has already seen the movie. 否定句 主语+hasnt/havent+动词过去分词。如： She hasnt seen the movie yet. 一般疑问句 Has/Have+主语+动词过去分词, 如： Has she seen the movie yet？ 特殊疑问句 疑问词+has/have+主语+动词过去分词,如： How long have you worked in the company？ (1) already (肯定句句中)，yet (疑问句或否定句句末)， ever (疑问句句中)，never，just (2) so far (到目前为止)，in the last/past years (在过去的 年里) (3) for+一段时间，for ten years，for an hour (4) since+ ago，since 10 years ago，since an hour ago since+时间点，since last night，since 2013 since+一般过去时的从句，since we last met，since he came here， 标志词 2. 延续性动词和短暂性动词之间的转化 (详见 “第七章 动 词和动词短语”) 短暂性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，即不能与for 或since短语连用，要把动词或时间状语作适当调整，如把 短暂性动词转化为延续性动词。如： 误：The old man died for 3 years./The old man died since 3 years ago. 正：The old man died 3 years ago. The old man has been dead for 3 years./The old man has been dead since 3 years ago. (1) have been to意为 “去过”，常与表示次数的副词连 用。如：I have been to Australia a few ti