中考英语第三部分重点题型攻略题型二阅读技能类型一选择型课件

第三部分 重点题型攻略 题型二 阅读技能 类型一 选择型 阅读技能主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解能力和对材料中有效信息的捕 捉能力。解答选择型阅读技能， 可参考以下几个步骤： 方法与技巧 一、先读题干，弄清考查要点 做题前先细读所给题干，找出题干中的关键词，带着问题读文章，提高阅读 效率。 二、快速浏览全文，掌握全貌 快速浏览全文，特别要注意每段的首尾句，注意发现与问题有关的信息，便 于理解文章结构和中心思想。 三、细读全文，标记细节 掌握短文细节内容，是解题的关键。阅读时应注意以下两点： 1.抓住五个“W”和一个“H”，边读边用铅笔做标记，把What(事件)、Who(人 物)、When(时间)、Where(地点)、Why(原因)和How(方式)划出来。抓住了五个“W” 和一个 “H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。 2. 抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些 词具有因果、让步、递进、转折、指代、列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特 殊功能。 四、分析推理，确定答案 对于那些明显的，有把握的题可以直接选定，不必把其他两个选项再做推敲 而浪费时间；有些略有难度的题，应再查阅短文(不是重复读一遍)，迅速找出依据， 予以排除。 五、 仔细斟酌，核对答案 答完题后，对题目所对应的短文内容再次审核，确保答案准确无误。对于不 确定的答案，不要随意更改(除非在原文中找到依据，方可更正)。 高分技巧口诀 依据事实，把握细节理解； 关注数字，准确数字推算； 利用已知，轻松猜测词义； 品鉴信息，合理推理判断； 细读主题句，锁定主旨大意。 典例剖析 Why is clean water so important to developing countries? A recent report shows that about 80 percent of diseases in developing countries are caused by poor water and low sanitation(卫生) conditions. In those countries, （2016长沙B篇） women and girls spend several hours collecting water, but often polluted, far away from their families. The polluted water more or less influences their health. In this case, there is an urgent(迫切的) need for people in developing countries to have access to(有机会或权利使用) clean water to improve their health. Here is a short story about Hadjara Zakari, a 12yearold girl in Niger. Having access to clean water changed her life. She learned about the importance of handwashing when the school first received clean water three years ago. That evening, she told her father，“You shouldnt eat with me unless you clean your hands.” Her father was very angry and shouted at her, “Its not up to you to tell me what to do！” Stunned(目瞪口呆的), Hadjara sat in silence. But she knew she was right. In protest, Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night. After her father questioned Hadjaras head teacher, he understood the importance of handwashing and his daughters intentions(目的). The girl really wanted her family to live longer and healthier lives. For people in developing countries, clean water can change many things, especially improve their health. So, from now on, lets avoid wasting water and take action to save water, which is important to people all over the world. 1.According to the recent report, poor water and low sanitation conditions can cause_. A. traffic problems B. forest fires C. many illnesses 1. C【解析】细节理解题1。题干意为：根据最新报 告， 水质差的水和较低的卫生状况会引起_。A 项：交通问题；B项：森林火灾；C项：许多疾病。 根据poor water and low sanitation conditions可 定位至第一段第二句“A recent report shows that about 80 percent of diseases in developing countries are caused by poor water and low sanitation (卫生) conditions.”可知大约80%的疾病 都是由水质差的水和较低的卫生状况引起的。故选C 。 考点 细节理解题1 忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系， 决不能主观臆断。提问的特殊疑问词常 有：what, who, when, where, why，how等。有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语 、某个句子、某个段落等细节及事实进行设题， 一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答 案。如第1、2题， 均可根据短文中对应的句子直接判断出正确答案。 2. The key to improving peoples health in developing countries is _ in Paragraph 1. A. to get clean water B. to exercise often C. to refuse drugs 2. A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在第一段 中，改善发展中国家人们的健康的关键是_。 A项：获得干净的水；B项：经常锻炼；C项：拒绝 毒品。根据improving和health可定位至第一段最 后一句“In this case, there is an urgent (迫切的) need.to have access to(有机会或权利使用) clean water to improve their health.”可知获得 干净的水是改善人们的健康的关键， 故选A。 3. What can we infer(推断) from Paragraph 2? A. Hadjara laughed at her fathers foolishness. B. Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night in order to lose weight. C. Hadjaras father understood his daughters love and care for him later. 3.C【解析】推理判断题2。题干意为：从第二段中我 们能推断出什么？A项：Hadjara嘲笑她父亲的愚蠢； B项：那天晚上Hadjara为了减肥而拒绝吃晚餐；C项 ：后来Hadjara的父亲明白了女儿对他的爱和关心。根 据第二段倒数第一、二句“After her father questioned.his daughters intentions(目的) The girl really wanted her family to live longer and healthier lives.”可知Hadjara的父亲最终明白了 女儿对他的关心和爱。故选C。 考点 推理判断题2 推断类试题通常包括数字事实推断、常识推断以及作者写作意图和态度等推断。 此类题目一般不能在原文中找出答案， 需要以原文内容为前提，根据作者的观点理 论(非考生观点), 客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断， 做出 一定解释。如第3题， 根据短文第二段倒数第一、二句可推知答案。 4.A【解析】词义猜测题3。题干意为：这篇短文中划线单词“protest”的意思是 _。根据后面的“Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night.”及本段语境可 知此处是指她为了抗议而拒绝吃晚餐。故选A。 4. The underlined word “protest” in this passage means _. A. 抗议 B. 保护 C. 节约 考点 词义猜测题3 解答这类题目时需要一些猜词技巧：(1)根据上下文来猜测词义；(2)通过同义词 或反义词来猜测词义；(3)通过构词法来猜测词义；(4)通过定义或释义来猜测词义； (5)通过句法功能来猜测词义；(6)根据转折、因果关系等来猜测词义； (7)根据生活 常识来猜测词义等。对于这类 题目采取“代入法”也十分有效，即将备选答案逐一代入文中，哪一个选项能使句子的 意思通顺、连贯，且与上下文的内容一致，哪个选项就是该题的正确答案。如第4题 ，根据上下文语境即可猜出词义。 5. The purpose of the writer is to_. A. teach people how to wash hands B. call on people all over the world to save water C. show developing countries rich in clean water 5.B【解析】主旨大意题4。题干意为：作者的目 的是_。A项：教人们如何洗手；B项：号 召全世界的人们节约用水；C项：表明发展中国家 干净的水资源丰富。阅读短文可知这篇短文主要讲 述了干净的水对于发展中国家的人们的重要性， 根据短文最后一句“So, from now on, lets avoid wasting water.all over the world.”可知作者写 本文的目的主要是号召人们节约用水。故选B。 考点 主旨大意题4 三个选项中， 必有两项为干扰项(可能是文中某个具体事实或细节， 可能是从文 中细节片面推出的错误结论， 可能是非文章事实的主观臆断)。而正确答案是根据文 章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。寻找主题 句往往是做好此类题的关键 每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段 落的主旨大意。常见的设问方式有： What does the writer mainly tell us? Which of the following expresses the main idea best? Which is the subject discussed in the text? Whats the purpose of this passage? The purpose of the writer is to. From the passage we can learn/conclude that. 【命题角度拓展】 6. Whats the best title of this passage? A. Keep healthy B. Drink clean