高中英语 unit 4 the next step单元尾核心要点回扣 牛津译林版选修

“讲忠诚、严纪律、立政德”三者相互贯通、相互联系。忠诚是共产党人的底色，纪律是不能触碰的底线，政德是必须修炼的素养。永葆底色、不碰底线Unit 4 The next step .重要单词1_ n& vt.预告，预览2_ adj.众多的，许多的3_ adj.不可战胜的，打不垮的4_ adj.盲目的，没有目标的5_ n资料册，广告册【答案】1.preview2.numerous3.unbeatable4.aimless5.brochure6_ adj.配备家具的_ v(给房子)装置(家具等)_ n家具7_ vt.使恐惧，使惊吓_ adj.受惊吓的_ adj.令人恐惧的 _ adj.可怕的，恐怖的8_ adv.令人吃惊地，出人意料地_ vt.使吃惊_ adj.吃惊的_ adj.令人吃惊的9_ n社会主义_ n社会主义者 adj.社会主义的_ adj.社会的_ n社会10_ v提高；(使)变锋利_ adj.锋利的 _ adv.锋利地_ n锋利【答案】6.furnished；furnish；furniture7.terrify；terrified；terrifying；terrible8.surprisingly；surprise；surprised；surprising9.socialism；socialist；social；society10.sharpen；sharp；sharply；sharpness.重点短语短语互译1_ 积蓄，攒钱，把收拾起来(放回原处)2_ 热切地开始做某事3_ 至于，关于4_ 安然脱困，化险为夷5_ 决定，选定，确定；考虑后决定6_at some point 7_ refer to8_ lead to9_ in addition10_ focus on【答案】1.put sth. away2.dive (right) in3.as for4.land on ones feet5.decide on6.在某个时刻7.谈及；提到；查阅；参考8.引起，导致；通向，通往9.此外，另外，又，加上10.集中(注意、关心)于；集中注意力；对准；把(光线等)集中于.重点句式根据汉语提示补全下列各组短语1Students _(学习工程学的) often have to make models.2I think some of you might remember me，_(因为我曾经是) the captain of the school football team.3However，during my first year at university，I was so busy studying and meeting new people that I did not write to my family _(没有我应该写的那么多)4_(有的需要) graduates with engineering degrees in China.5_(正如你知道的)，Im interested in engineering.【答案】1.studying engineering2.as I used to be3.as often as I should have4.There is a great need for5.As you know单元综合测评(满分：120分；时间：100分钟).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)A 【导学号：22380046】During the past Spring Festival，many children may have received red packets from their families.But Xing Pu，a 40yearold economist，is asking the government to give red packets to every Chinese citizen.Xing suggested the government give out 1,000 yuan to each Chinese since the government income has increased rapidly in recent years.He said his suggestion would allow everyone to directly enjoy the fruits of the countrys economic success，help the lowerincome groups deal with rising prices and increase consumption(消费)around the country.Recent years have seen the government carry out a series of propoor(扶贫)and prorural(惠农)policies，including increasing spending on public healthcare and calling off the agricultural tax.But the lowerincome group still needs more help while being hit hard by an 11year high in prices and recent snowstorms.Xing said while making the draft，he has borrowed many ideas from practices in countries like the United States and Singapore.Earlier this year，the governments of the two nations offered cash handouts(救济)to their citizens as the result of a surplus in government income.As for in China，“We can even encourage the rich to donate their 1,000 yuan red packet to the poor，” said Xing.Although Xings suggestion has gained wide support among ordinary Chinese on the Internet，many other economists criticized it as unpractical.Even Xing himself admitted he made the suggestion without any careful calculation.But they agreed with Xings point that the growing economic pie should be shared among the people.“To better use the increase of money，handing out money is not a solution that holds good for all time.It could be better to improve the public service or cut the price of energy use in daily life，” said Qiao Xinsheng，an economic professor.【语篇解读】春节期间孩子会得到家人给的红包但40岁的经济学家也要求政府发给农民红包，从而引起了广泛的讨论。1Xing Pu suggested that the government give out 1,000 yuan to each Chinese because_.Athe poor should get help from the richBthe government should help the richCthe growing economic pie should be shared among the peopleDthe government doesnt know how to use the money【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段提到“He said his suggestion would allow everyone to directly enjoy the fruits of the countrys economic success，help the lowerincome groups deal with rising prices and increase consumption(消费)around the country”他说他的建议能够让大家享受到国家经济成功的果实，故选C项。【答案】C2What has the government done to help the lowerincome group?ASpending less on public health care.BIncreasing the agricultural tax.CHanding out money to every Chinese.DCarrying out propoor policies.【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段提到“Recent years have seen the government carry out a series of propoor(扶贫)and prorural(惠农)policies，including increasing spending on public healthcare and calling off the agricultural tax.”政府推出一系列的扶贫和惠农政策包括增加公共福利投入，减少农业税，故选D项。【答案】D3According to some experts，what is better than giving out money?ASupplying food to everyone every day.BCutting the price of energy use in daily life.CControlling the rising of prices.DIncreasing the government income.【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段提到“It could be better to improve the public service or cut the price of energy use in daily life”，提高公共服务或减少日常生活中的能源价格，故选B项。【答案】B4Xing Pus ideas of giving red packets to every Chinese citizen mainly came from_.Achildren receiving red packets from their familiesBthe US and Singapore governments offering cash handouts to their citizensCthe governments increasing spending on public health careDthe rising prices in the country【解析】细节推断题。根据第四段提到“Xing said while making the draft，he has borrowed many ideas from practices in countries like the United States and Singapore”这个人说，在起草这个意见的时候，他借鉴像美国和新加坡这些国家的想法，故选B项。【答案】BB(2016全国乙卷)You probably know who Marie Curie was，but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(18601935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson (19071964)If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor (1930present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and，in 1981, the first woman to join the US.Supreme Court.OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks (19132005)On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civilrights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，” said Parks.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了不同领域的四位女性先驱。5What is Jane Addams noted for in history?AHer social work.BHer teaching skills.CHer efforts to win a prize.DHer community background.【解析】细节理解题。根据Jane Addams下的第一句话Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank(任何一个受到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams)可知，在历史上，Jane Addams以她的社会工作而出名，与A项相符。文中未提及her teaching skills(她的教学技能)，只是谈到了promoting education(促进教育)，故B项与文章不符；Jane Addams获得了诺贝尔和平奖，但她不是因努力去获奖而出名的，根本上还是因为她做的社会工作，而且她也并非为了获奖才付出努力，故C项错误；是她的社会工作，以及她鼓励的社区感让她出名，D项Her community background.(她的社区背景)与此不相符。【答案】A6What was the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?AHer lack of proper training in law.BHer little work experience in court.CThe discrimination against women.DThe poor financial conditions.【解析】细节理解题。根据Sandra Day OConnor下的第一句When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School.可知，她在斯坦福大学法学院受过教育，并非缺少正规的法律培训，故A项错误；文中未提及她在法庭上的工作经验少，故B项错误；根据.she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.可知，她没能在法律事务所找到工作，是因为她是一名女性，这与C项“对于女性的歧视”相符，故选C项；文中未提及她的经济状况，故D项错误。【答案】C7Who made a great contribution to the civilrights movement in the US.?AJane Addams.BRachel Carson.CSandra Day OConnor.DRosa Parks.【解析】细节理解题。根据Rosa Parks下的.it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civilrights movement.可知，它导致了蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动，这场运动持续了一年多，开始了民权运动，故选D项，是Rosa Parks对美国的民权运动做出了很大贡献。【答案】D8What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?AThey are highly educated.BThey are truly creative.CThey are pioneers.DThey are peacelovers.【解析】推理判断题。本题考查考生理解全文、提炼信息、概括总结的能力。根据Jane Addams下的.the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize，Rachel Carson下的If it werent for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today，Sandra Day OConnor下的.the first woman to join the US.Supreme Court.以及Rosa Parks下的.it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.kicked off the civilrights movement.可知，文中提到的这几位女性都是不同领域的先驱(pioneer)，因此C项正确。【答案】CC(2016昆明市高三复习质量检测)One February afternoon，Jesus Delgado was on break behind T2 Tacos，where he works as a cook，when he heard a commotion(骚动)He ran to the front of the Los Angeles taco stand and saw a man and a woman arguing.She was screaming for help and had two young boys at her side.All of a sudden，the man hit her in the mouth，seized the smaller boy，and ran down the street.“I followed my judgement and chased(追赶) him，” Jesus,35，told the Argonaut newspaper.The older boy ran in the other direction to get help.A group of teenagers who had witnessed the attack assisted the woman，Lauren Kornacki，and called 911.She told them that she was the boys babysitter.Within a few blocks，Jesus caught up to the man，Andron Gazarov,33.They fought，and Jesus wrestled the young boy from Gazarovs arms.Then Gazarov threw himself onto the sidewalk.“He was yelling at me that the kid didnt belong to me.I was telling him the kid didnt belong to him，” Jesus told the Argonaut.Minutes later，Los Angeles police officers arrived and arrested Gazarov，who was charged with kidnapping(绑架)，attempted kidnapping，and attack.He faces up to 12 years in prison，if convicted(定罪)The kids，Brendan OBrien,6，and Grady OBrien,4，were unharmed.The next night，the boys father，Tom OBrien，went to the taco stand to thank Jesus for his actions.He also started an online fund to help Jesus pay the medical expenses for his specialneeds daughter.As of May，more than $27,500 had been raised.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。厨师Jesus Delgado发现有人劫持儿童后，便勇敢地追上去并通过与劫持者搏斗最终安全地救回了孩子。为表示感谢，被救孩子的父亲发起了网上捐助活动，帮助Jesus的女儿筹集医药费用。9Why were a man and a woman arguing at the Los Angeles taco stand?AThe womans screaming annoyed the man.BThe man was trying to take away a boy from the woman.CThe mans break was disturbed by the woman with two children.DThe woman was hit by the man in the mouth.【解析】根据第一段最后一句“All of a sudden，the man hit her in the mouth，seized the smaller boy，and ran down the street.”及下文介绍可知，这个男子想劫持小男孩，便与孩子的保姆发生了争执。随后男子袭击了保姆并抢走了孩子。故答案选B。A、C两项在文中并未提及；D项不是二者争吵的原因。【答案】B10The following have helped to save the younger boy EXCEPT _.AJesus DelgadoBLauren KornackiCTom OBrienDBrendan OBrien【解析】根据最后一段第一句中“the boys father，Tom OBrien”可知，Tom OBrien是被劫持的孩子的父亲，当时他并不在场，故选C项。根据第一段最后两句可知，保姆Lauren Kornacki为救孩子而大声呼救，从而引来人帮忙，救回了孩子；根据第二段可知，Jesus Delgado追赶劫持者并最终救回了孩子；另一个较大的孩子去别处寻求帮助，同时根据第四段最后一句中“The kids，Brendan OBrien,6，and Grady OBrien,4”可知，较大的孩子名叫Brendan OBrien，所以这三个人都参与了营救被劫持的孩子的行动。【答案】C11What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?AGazarov has been sentenced 12 years in prison.BNot both kids were harmed，but frightened.CThe boys parents went to thank Jesus for his brave actions.DMany people offered support to Jesus Delgados daughter in need.【解析】根据最后一段最后两句“He also started an online fund to help Jesus pay the medical expenses for his specialneeds daughter.As of May，more than $27,500 had been raised.”可知，许多人都为Jesus Delgado的女儿捐了款，故D项正确。【答案】D12Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AThe Cook，Who Ran after and Caught a KidnapperBLos Angeles，a City with Warmhearted CitizensCCooperation，the Key to Solving Tough ProblemsDT2 Tacos，a Dangerous Place for Kids【解析】通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一位厨师勇追劫持者并救出被劫持的孩子的故事。故A项最符合文章的主要内容，适合做本文的标题。故答案选A。【答案】ADHerbie Ricketts,52，lives in Thornton Heath，south London，and works as an electrician.He has been a listening volunteer with the Samaritans for 16 years.Each caller is as individual as their circumstances and I didnt realize so many people take their own lives until I became a Samaritan.And_only_then_did_the_true _nature_of_the_work_I_was_doing_hit_home.Ill always remember my first day on duty.The caller，stressed and depressed，told me he was suicidal(想自杀的)Hed been too frightened to talk to the people around him，which is common.People are told theyve got nothing to be upset about.Or，if they are already classified as having mental health issues，so they tell no one.How do you make sense of your feelings if you cant tell someone? Just allowing people to say what they honestly feel helps them find a different perspective.I couldnt offer him practical advice but I could support him emotionally.I helped him come to terms with his situation and make sense of some of the terrible emotions he was experiencing.Offering anonymity(匿名)and being nonjudgmental(无偏见的)allows people easily hurt to explore their thoughts without fear or worry.I left him in an emotionally safe place，ensuring he knew I wasnt rejecting or abandoning him.I let him know we were still there if he needed us，explaining that it might not be me on the other end of the phone but another Samaritan who could also support.Suicidal people will ring with issues like drug use or loneliness.If you look at it from the perspective of，“How can I solve this? ”you can become，like them，at a loss.Every cell in your body wants to offer solutions，but as a Samaritan Im not there to sort their problems out.I listen and will support them when they cant see any further than tomorrow.When the phone goes silent，we stay with that caller as long as we possibly can，which could be two or three hours.The shifts are up to four hours long.When it doesnt go so well，I offload to my colleague，so I dont carry home a heavy heart.Being a Samaritan has greatly improved my life.Im calmer and become a supportive listener，which has also improved my relationships.But being a wonderful Samaritan doesnt make you a wonderful parent or wonderful partnerI wish it did.【语篇解读】本文讲述作者成为一个助人为乐的人的过程和感悟。13What does the underlined sentence in the passage probably mean?AThose who called in had their unique nature.BI got to realize the value of being a Samaritan.CIt was common that many people committed suicide.DI was determined to be a Samaritan at home.【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段提到“I didnt realize so many people take their own lives until I became a Samaritan.”直到我成为一个助人为乐的人我才意识到这么多人失去他们的生命，故选B项。【答案】B14Some people choose not to tell others about their feelings mainly because they_.Aactually have nothing to worry aboutBare too shy to expose themselves to othersCsuffer from serious mental health problemsDfind no supportive listeners around them【解析】推理解断题。根据第三段提到“Hed been too frightened to talk to the people around him，which is common.People are told theyve got nothing to be upset about.Or，if they are already classified as having mental health issues，so they tell no one.”他很害怕而不敢和周围的人说话，这是很正常的，人们通常会被告知他们除了令人心烦什么也不会带来，或者他们被认为精神有问题，因此没有可以倾诉的人，故选D项。【答案】D15Samaritans usually help callers by_.Asorting out their problemsBproviding practical advice for themCoffering them emotional supportDasking questions such as“How can I solve this? ”【解析】推断理解题。根据第三段提到“Just allowing people to say what they honestly feel helps them find a different perspective.I.but I could support him emotionally.”允许人们说出他们真实的感受才能帮助他们发现一个不同的视角，但我能够在情感上支持他，故选C项。【答案】C.阅读填句(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)(2016呼和浩特市高三第二次调研考试)How Can I Fight Laziness?Lazy people will never amount to anything in life.However，laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind._16_ Many people lack sleep constantly，since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work.These people have little motivation once they arrive home.Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things.By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest，you can fight laziness throughout the day.Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active.Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task.Others take a more proactive approach，viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone._17_Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations (诱惑) that surround them.A television in the living room may provide entertainment，but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness._18_ Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy，such as a good dinner or a film.Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home.Couples and children may all have different energy levels，but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately._19_ Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal.Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task.It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people._20_ Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle，thus enabling you to have more energy