医学ppt课件】手术室的准备与消毒.ppt

第三节 手术室的准备与消毒 1.1.足够的面积和空间，大动物不足够的面积和空间，大动物不 小于小于4040 50m50m 2 2 ，小动物不小于小动物不小于 25m25m 2 2 ，房间高度房间高度 2.82.8 3.0m3.0m。 2.2.便于清洁和消毒便于清洁和消毒。 一、手术室的准备一、手术室的准备 3.3.良好的给排水系统。良好的给排水系统。 4.4.足够的照明设备足够的照明设备( (不含专用手术灯不含专用手术灯 ) ) 5.5.较好的通风系统，有条件时可以较好的通风系统，有条件时可以 装恒箱换气机。装恒箱换气机。 门窗应密封，防门窗应密封，防 尘良好。尘良好。 7.最好分别设置无菌手术室和染菌手术 室。如无条件，一般化脓感染手术最好 安排在其他的地方进行。如在室内 做 过感染化脓手术，必须在术后及时严格 消毒手术室。 6.6.保持适当的温度，以保持适当的温度，以2020 2525为宜。为宜。 有条件时可以安装冷暖两用空调机。有条件时可以安装冷暖两用空调机。 8. 8. 手术室内仅应放置重要的器具，一手术室内仅应放置重要的器具，一 切不必要的器具、与手术无关的用具切不必要的器具、与手术无关的用具 ，都不得摆放在手术室里。，都不得摆放在手术室里。 9. 9. 设立必要的附属用房，包括更衣室设立必要的附属用房，包括更衣室 、消毒室、准备室、消毒室、准备室( (洗手、着衣洗手、着衣) )、洗刷、洗刷 室、单独的器械室及厕所和淋浴室。室、单独的器械室及厕所和淋浴室。 房间安排既应毗邻，又要合理。房间安排既应毗邻，又要合理。 10.设置仪器设备的存贮间， 用以存放麻醉机、呼吸机以 及常用的检测仪器、麻醉药 品和急救药品。存贮间应防 潮，不设上下水系统。 二、手术室的消毒 （一）紫外光灯照射消毒（一）紫外光灯照射消毒 可有效可有效 地净化空气地净化空气 （二）化学药物熏蒸消毒（二）化学药物熏蒸消毒 1.40%1.40%甲醛加热熏蒸甲醛加热熏蒸2ml/m2ml/m 3 3 加等量水加等量水 2.40%2.40%甲醛甲醛加其毫升数加其毫升数1/21/2的高锰酸钾的高锰酸钾 3.3.乳酸熏蒸消毒乳酸熏蒸消毒1010 20ml/100m20ml/100m 3 3 加等量加等量 常水常水 三、室外手术场地的贮备与消毒 普通房舍内尽量创造接近手术室的普通房舍内尽量创造接近手术室的 条件。条件。 厩舍内特别注意环境清洁和消毒厩舍内特别注意环境清洁和消毒 选择晴朗无风的天气，地面平坦的选择晴朗无风的天气，地面平坦的 空地或草地上进行。空地或草地上进行。 需站立保定时，可利用林中需站立保定时，可利用林中 树干或临时设置保定柱栏。树干或临时设置保定柱栏。 无论何种环境，必须尽可能无论何种环境，必须尽可能 做到清洁，彻底消毒。做到清洁，彻底消毒。 The sterile corridor The sterile corridor immediately immediately adjacent to the adjacent to the surgery surgery room.Stainless steel room.Stainless steel and glass cabinetsand glass cabinets， mounted in the mounted in the wallswalls，open from open from either the operating either the operating room or the room or the corridor. corridor. Electronically Electronically controlled sliding controlled sliding glass door to the glass door to the surgery room close surgery room close automatically.automatically. The anesthesia-surgical preparation room.The The anesthesia-surgical preparation room.The preparation cabinet should be self-contained with preparation cabinet should be self-contained with the pipeline outletsthe pipeline outlets，lightinglighting，and lock boxes and lock boxes located in a convenient manner.located in a convenient manner. The operating room should be well lightedThe operating room should be well lighted， easily cleanedeasily cleaned，and well equipped.and well equipped. The operating The operating microscope or microscope or some other some other form of form of magnification magnification equipment is equipment is indispensableindispensable ，especially especially for eye and for eye and microsurgical microsurgical techniques.techniques. Basic clinical pathology capabilities should Basic clinical pathology capabilities should be available in close proximity to the be available in close proximity to the intensive care wardintensive care ward Warming Warming cabinets cabinets provide a provide a ready source ready source of warm of warm fluids or fluids or blankets for blankets for the the hypothermic hypothermic patient.patient. Stainless steel scrub sinks with knee-Stainless steel scrub sinks with knee- operated water valves and soap dispensers.operated water valves and soap dispensers. Decontamination Decontamination room with trash room with trash compactorcompactor，pass-pass- through window through window into the into the instrument instrument cleaning and cleaning and packing roompacking room， cleaning suppliescleaning supplies ，and laundry and laundry chute.chute. Laundry and sterilizing room with commercial Laundry and sterilizing room with commercial washer and dryerswasher and dryers，stem and gas sterilizersstem and gas sterilizers， and laundry chutes and dumb waiter and laundry chutes and dumb waiter communicating with the surgery area municating with the surgery area above. Instrument cleaning and packing room.Instrument cleaning and packing room. Emergency