雅思大作文 犯罪类.ppt

Crime 犯罪类 crimes: 抢劫： Robbery; plunder 2 犯罪类 crimes: 伤害： injury;murder 3 犯罪类 crimes: 盗窃： Theft、shoplifting 4 犯罪类 crimes: 毒品 Drugs, on drugs/ take drugs drug-trafficking 5 犯罪类 crimes: 绑架 Kidnap kidnapper 6 犯罪类 crimes: 勒索 Blackmail 7 犯罪类 crimes: 团伙： Gang Tattoo 8 犯罪类 青少年 Youth adolescent young people teenager youngster junior Minor 青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency 行为不良，违法犯罪；失职，怠工 youth crime 9 犯罪类 违法（犯罪）的人： criminal offender Law-breaker felon feln（重罪犯） violator 重罪： felony 小罪： minor crime/ light crime Property crime 财产犯罪 Violence crime 暴力犯罪 10 犯罪类 惩罚： punishment treatment penalty sentence retribution 严厉的 harsh severe strict lengthy 11 犯罪类 投入监狱 put into prison l 社区服务 lCommunity service 再教育： rehabilitation rih,blten， re-education 工作培训： job training 咨询： Counseling 12 CRIME u法制与犯罪类主题出现频率大概在每年2-4 次左右，属于频率较低题型。 u备考建议： 掌握专有词汇 熟悉常出话题 积累相关话题素材 经典论题 1.青少年犯罪的成因和惩罚 (juvenile delinquency/ youth crime) uWhat are the causes of juvenile delinquency and how should they be punished? uIn many parts of the world children and teenagers are committing more crimes. Why is this case happening? How should children or teenagers be punished? u131109 young people who commit serious crimes should be punished in the same way as adults. Do you agree or disagree? 很多年轻人有一种反社会行为，原因是什么，如何解决?学生在学 校不当行为的原因和解决方法? Commit crime punish 经典论题 2. 惩罚罪犯的手段 punishment of crime uSome people think sending criminals to prison is not an effective way to deal with them. Education and training are better. To what extent do you agree? uSome people think lawbreakers should be sent to prisons while others claim they should be made to work in communities. Discuss both and give your own opinion. sendto prison , criminal education and training work in communities 真题 2012.05.12 Today prison is the most common solution for crime. But some people think that it would be a more effective way to provide them with better education to prevent them from becoming criminals. Do you agree or disagree? 130216=090917 Some people think that all the lawbreakers should be taken into the prison, while others believe that there are better alternatives, (for example, doing some work or learning some skills in the community). Discuss both views and give your opinion. lawbreakers the most common solutions for crime 经典论题 2. 惩罚罪犯的手段 punishment of crime uSome people think to lower the crime rate, criminals should be given longer terms/sentences in prison. Others, however, think there are other better ways to reduce crime. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. uSome people believe that there should be fixed punishment for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 是否应该废除死刑?降低犯罪的最佳方法是延长监狱邢期吗?刑满释放人员再犯罪率很高 ，为什么，如何解决?你认为罪犯应该送到监狱还是应该做一些社区工作或学习一些 技能?应该根据犯罪动机和具体案例量刑吗? Lower crime rate Give longer term/sentence in prison Reduce crime Fixed punishment Circumstance of Individual crime Motivation for 经典论题 3. 预防犯罪 crime prevention 12.11.03=04.09.11=08.10.04 Many people are afraid to leave home because of crimes. Some believe that more actions should be taken to prevent crimes, but others feel little can be done. Discuss both views and give your opinion. Unlike in most other countries, police in the UK do not commonly carry guns. Some people think it leaves citizens unprotected. But others think it reduces the overall violence in our society. Discuss both sides of the view and give your opinion. prevent crimes, leave citizen unprotected, reduce violence, increased crime 经典论题 3. 预防犯罪 crime prevention More and more measures to improve the security in large urban areas have been introduced in many countries because of the increased crime. Do the benefits of these measures outweigh the drawbacks 2014.6.7 Some people believe that if a police force carries a gun, it will encourage higher levels of violence in the whole society. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 延伸类题型 是否应该严惩违反交规者?城市中采取预防犯罪的措施，利大于弊吗?个人如果 为所欲为，社会就无法运转，你同意吗?犯罪是世界问题，无法预防，你同意 吗? increased crime; higher level of violence 论题1 Juvenile delinquency（青少年犯罪 ） known as “juvenile offending“, is participation in illegal behavior by minors (juveniles) Increasing number of young offenders Higher rate of youth crime Lets discuss 青少年犯罪 uQ1：What are the causes of juvenile delinquency uQ2： How should they be punished? u Q3: How to crack down the rate of youth crimes? Q1： What are the causes of youth crime 教养方式： parenting style 纵容的： Permissive 溺爱的： Indulgent Conflict 疏忽的： neglectful 监督： Supervision 霸道的，专制的 authoritarian,rtern 23 Family factors that may have an influence on offending include: the level of parental supervision, the way parents discipline a child, particularly harsh punishment, parental conflict or separation, criminal parents or siblings, parental abuse or neglect, and the quality of the parent-child relationship. Q1： What are the causes of youth crime 1.家庭教育 u家长不尽责:溺爱，专制 u家庭关系不和谐,父母有矛盾 u 家庭暴力，家庭犯罪 parenting -Dysfunctional family conditions uindulgent parenting-affirmative enablement of misbehavior uauthoritarian parenting- Lack of respect- harsh discipline and refusal to justify discipline on any basis other than “because I said so“ udomestic violence and crime，physical and psychological abuse neglectful parenting-a lack of monitoring Q1： 句子练习 1.孩子很有可能在家里面有很少的监督。 Children are likely to have less supervision at home. 2. 父母监督的缺少被认为是青少年犯罪的一个 影响 The lack of parental supervision is thought as an influence on youth crimes. 3. 其他可能导致一个青少年犯罪的因素包括低下的社会 经济地位，糟糕的学校表现。 Other factors that may lead a teenager into juvenile delinquency include low/ poor socioeconomic status and poor school performance 犯罪类 同龄人： peer group 27 Q1： What are the causes of youth crime 2. 学校教育 u 法制教育缺失 u 学校暴力，欺凌 u 学业失败-学习压力过大，竞争，学习不感兴趣 u 同伴压力 Schooling uabsence of moral and legal education uSchool bullying, school violence uStudy pressure- exam-oriented education /heated competition/ school failure/poor academic performance uPeer pressure-have some friends who are involved in delinquent activities. 写句子 1. 学校可以塑造年轻人的机会和自我价值感 Schools can shape youths sense of opportunities and self-worth 2. 完不成作业，学习成绩不好就会导致低自尊心，被疏 远或者无价值的感觉。 The failure to complete homework and poor performance may create low self- esteem and the feeling of alienation or worthlessness. 3. 那些在学校表现差的孩子很有可能行为失当，因为学 习成绩差，不留恋学校和对教育的低期望值，这些都加 大了犯罪的几率。 Those children with poor performance are likely to misbehave because of a bad academic accomplishment and a low attachment to school , which both increase crime rate. Q1： What are the causes of youth crime 3. 社会环境 u媒体不良信息 u对家庭教育和学校教育缺乏重视，缺乏引导 u 不争取的道德，价值观 social environment uFrequent exposure to harmful （violent， pornographic）information in the media/ content on the Internet. ulack of support to families and neighborhoods, real or perceived inaccessibility to services, lack of leadership in communities, uImproper outlook of life and value placed on children - a strong desire for material wealth and luxury lifestyles- be tempted to commit Q1： What are the causes of youth crime 4. 经济原因 u 贫穷 u 缺乏教育机会 Economic factors u poverty u Have no access to educational opportunities 5. 青少年心理发展原因 u 容易冲动 u 自制力差 u 辨别是非能力较差 adolescent psychology u a high degree of impulsiveness and hyperactivity； u low self-control-poor anger management u too immature to distinguish right from wrong. 翻译下列句子 1. 青少年犯罪率以一个惊人的（alarming) 速度在增长 2. 年龄在12到17的年轻人的犯罪率在2005年和200年间增长了3%。 3. 研究显示那接受足够父母监督的孩子不大可能参与犯罪活动。 4. 青少年犯罪增长的一个因素可以被归咎于(be attributed to)他们的家庭教育 5. 媒体里的色情或者暴力内容经常给青年造成极大的负面影响。 6. 有低智商的孩子更容易在学校做坏事，这可能会提高offending得机会。 7. 孩童时期的同伴排斥（Peer rejection）也是青少年犯罪的一个大的预示。 8.不稳定的社会经济 (Socioeconomic instability)经常和持续的失业以及低收入相连， 这能提高年轻人在犯罪活动中的参与度。 Q2： Should young offenders be punished the same as adults? 真题解析 u131109 Young people who commit serious crimes, such as robbery or violent attacks should be punished in the same way as adults. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 参考思路： 同意： （换位思考，最好受害者、公众、犯罪者都有涉及） 1. 受害者及其家人、朋友的诉求； 2. 公众的安全感需要确保，防止再次犯罪 3. 严厉的惩罚对于其他年轻人起到震慑作用 1. solacecomfort the victims to ensure the justice. 2. prevent the criminals from recommitment， especially the habitual criminals to avoid damage to the outside world. 3. the deterrent effects may warn the potential criminals from committing crimes. 不同意： 1. 青少年本身不成熟 2. 监狱生活对他们的身心发展不利 3. 监狱里面的伙伴都是犯罪分子，有可能对 他们进行负面的引导。 4. 监狱经历给他们出狱之后的生活留下不良 记录和影响 Minors are yet to approach their maturity, and their crimes, albeit serious, should be punished with the consideration of their young age. Bad living conditions in jail is a kind of torment to their relatively physical and psychological conditions. Minors are exposed to more sophisticated criminals and crimes, which may aggravate juvenile delinquency. The experience of jail life may exert adverse effect on their future prospects for this record. Q3： how to reduce youth crimes? Join hands in minimizing the rate of youth crimes. Family parenting: discipline, regulations, respect, care, supervision, right world outlook, decent values School: enrich students life; build up confidence; provide life planning guidance; psychological guidance Society: the strict supervision of the media and information exposed to the young; financial support for the education and living; Topic 2 经典论题： Some people think sending criminals to prison is not an effective way to deal with them. Education and training are better. To what extent do you agree? Some people think lawbreakers should be sent to prisons while others claim they should be made to work in communities. Discuss both and give your own opinion. 变异：Prisons are useless for crime problems and education is a better solution.“ Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Q2： how should they be punished? 社区服务/再教育rehabilitation/ re-education？ ？ 监狱服刑？ Which side are you on? uCriminals should be put into prison. Or uCriminals should provided with Rehabilitation programs. 44 Community service is performed by someone or a group of people for the benefit of the public or its institutions. Performing community service is not the same as volunteering, since it is not always done voluntarily. it is often offered to small-time offenders as an alternative to fines or jail time. rehabilitation program property crimes such as vandalism or shoplifting For: 教育(re-education)、培训(training)、心理辅导 (psychological counseling) they can master some skills to support themselvesearn their breadmake a living to integrate back into communities they can make contribution to the society to repair their mistakes. creates a sense of accomplishment promotes self-confidence and self-esteem Q2： how should they be punished? 2.监狱服刑 commit violent crimes such as sexual assaultslt; slt or robbery; repeated violent offenders) u be sentenced to prison/ serve prison terms u deter them from further violent offences. ucauses many of them feel remorseful rmsf()l for their crime. Sending criminals into prison? commit violent crimes such as sexual assaultslt; slt or robbery; repeated violent offenders) For: 预防罪犯再犯罪，尤其是惯犯 prevent the criminals from recommitment especiallyin particularparticularly the habitual criminals l罪犯在监狱的行为受到监控不会对外界造成伤害。The criminals behaviors may be closely monitored and would not cause damage to the outside world. 抚慰受害者, 维护正义solacecomfort the victims 有震慑作用，可以警示潜在的犯罪人the deterrent effects may warn the potential criminals from committing crimes. Crime prevention 加强