机床数控课设-插补原理及流程图设计.doc

机床数控技术课程设计说明书 班级:0511105 学号:0511105 姓名： 指导教师： 时间：2015年1月 地点：明故宫校区计算中心 目 录 一、简要说明 - 3 二、设计目的和任务- 3 三、设计要求 - 3 四.插补原理及流程图设计-4 五.变量说明-6 六程序界面及运行截图-6 七. 源程序代码 -7 八参考文献-18一、简要说明 插补 （Interpolation） 在数控机床中，刀具不能严格地按照要求加工的曲线运动，只能用折线轨迹逼近所要加工的曲线。 插补（interpolation）定义：机床数控系统依照一定方法确定刀具运动轨迹的过程。也可以说，已知曲线上的某些数据，按照某种算法计算已知点之间的中间点的方法，也称为“数据点的密化”。数控装置根据输入的零件程序的信息，将程序段所描述的曲线的起点、终点之间的空间进行数据密化，从而形成要求的轮廓轨迹，这种“数据密化”机能就称为“插补”。 插补计算就是数控装置根据输入的基本数据，通过计算，把工件轮廓的形状描述出来，边计算边根据计算结果向各坐标发出进给脉冲，对应每个脉冲，机床在响应的坐标方向上移动一个脉冲当量的距离，从而将工件加工出所需要轮廓的形状。 插补的原理和算法很多，根据数控系统输出到伺服驱动装置的信号的不同，插补方法可归纳为基准脉冲插补和数据采样插补两种类型。二、设计目的 课设题目： PL4 逐点比较法插补第4象限直线 DA14 DDA法插补第14象限顺圆弧（1） 了解连续轨迹控制数控系统的组成原理。（2） 了解逐点比较法和DDA法插补直线和圆弧的基本原理。（3） 掌握逐点比较法和DDA法插补的软件实现基础。三、设计要求（1） 具有数据输入界面，如起点、终点、圆心、半径及插补步长等；（2） 具有插补过程的动态显示功能，如单步插补、连续插补；（3） 适当的编程语言，详细的程序设计流程图，变量说明、源程序；（4） 插补的步长可调。四：插补原理及流程图设计： 1.插补原理 逐点比较法直线插补原理图： DDA法圆弧插补原理：（同理在14象限） 2. 流程图设 五： 变量说明 程序界面控件设置以及相关变量说明： 控件名 对应变量 相关说明 寄存器位数 Register 寄存器位数 半径 Radius 圆弧半径 步长 Steplength 步长 X X0 起点横坐标 Y Y0 起点纵坐标 X X1 终点横坐标 Y Y1 终点纵坐标 连续插补 succession “连续插补” 单步插补 step “单步插补” 直线 line 直线插补选择 圆弧 circle 圆弧插补选择六程序界面及运行截图1.直线连续插补：2.直线单步插补：2. 圆弧连续插补：4.圆弧单步插补：七程序代码节选直线Dim x0, y0, x1, y1, L, xe, ye As SingleDim n As Integerx0 = Val(Form2.Text1.Text) *起点y0 = Val(Form2.Text2.Text)x1 = Val(Form2.Text3.Text) *终点y1 = Val(Form2.Text4.Text)L = Val(Form2.Text5.Text) *步长If L = 0 Then L = 1 Form2.Text5.Text = LEnd IfIf L 0 Then *正向 i = 0 j = 0 i1 = 0 j1 = 0 For a = 1 To n j1 = j + L form1.Picture1.Line (i + x0, j + y0)-(i1 + x0, j1 + y0), RGB(255, 0, 0) j = j1 Next a ElseIf ye 0 Then *X正向 i = 0 j = 0 i1 = 0 j1 = 0 For a = 1 To n i1 = i + L form1.Picture1.Line (i + x0, j + y0)-(i1 + x0, j1 + y0), RGB(255, 0, 0) i = i1 Next a ElseIf xe 0 And ye 0 Then * 1象限 i = 0 j = 0 i1 = 0 j1 = 0 f = 0 For m = 1 To n Step 1 If f = 0 Then i1 = i + L form1.Picture1.Line (i + x0, j + y0)-(i1 + x0, j1 + y0), RGB(255, 0, 0) i = i1 j = j1 f = f - Abs(ye) ElseIf f 0 Then j1 = j + L form1.Picture1.Line (i + x0, j + y0)-(i1 + x0, j1 + y0), RGB(255, 0, 0) i = i1 j = j1 f = f + Abs(xe) End If Next m ElseIf xe 0 Then * 2象限 i = 0 j = 0 i1 = 0 j1 = 0 f = 0 For m = 1 To n Step 1 If f = 0 Then i1 = i - L form1.Picture1.Line (i + x0, j + y0)-(i1 + x0, j1 + y0), RGB(255, 0, 0) i = i1 j = j1 f = f - Abs(ye) ElseIf f 0 Then j1 = j + L form1.Picture1.Line (i + x0, j + y0)-(i1 + x0, j1 + y0), RGB(255, 0, 0) i = i1 j = j1 f = f + Abs(xe) End If Next mElseIf xe 0 And ye = 0 Then i1 = i - L form1.Picture1.Line (i + x0, j + y0)-(i1 + x0, j1 + y0), RGB(255, 0, 0) i = i1 j = j1 f = f - Abs(ye) ElseIf f 0 And ye = 0 Then i1 = i + L form1.Picture1.Line (i + x0, j + y0)-(i1 + x0, j1 + y0), RGB(255, 0, 0) i = i1 j = j1 f = f - Abs(ye) ElseIf f 0 Then j1 = j - L form1.Picture1.Line (i + x0, j + y0)-(i1 + x0, j1 + y0), RGB(255, 0, 0) i = i1 j = j1 f = f + Abs(xe) End If Next mEnd IfIf flag1 = 0 Then *画直线form1.Picture1.Line (x0, y0)-(x1, y1), RGB(0, 0, 255)End IfEnd SubPrivate Sub Command2_Click() *退出Form2.Hideform1.ShowEnd SubPrivate Sub Command3_Click() *逐点法单步插补Static count As IntegerDim x0, y0, x1, y1, L, xe, ye As SingleDim n As IntegerIf SHURUchang = 1 Then count = 0 SHURUchang = 0End Ifcount = count + 1x0 = Val(Form2.Text1.Text)y0 = Val(Form2.Text2.Text)x1 = Val(Form2.Text3.Text)y1 = Val(Form2.Text4.Text)L = Val(Form2.Text5.Text)If L = 0 Then L = 1 Form2.Text5.Text = LEnd IfIf L 0 Then *正向 i = 0 j = 0 i1 = 0 j1 = 0 If count = n Then For a = 1 To count j1 = j + L form1.Picture1.Line (i + x0, j + y0)-(i1 + x0, j1 + y0), RGB(255, 0, 0) j = j1 Next a Else: count = 0 End If ElseIf ye 0 Then *负向 i = 0 j = 0 i1 = 0 j1 = 0 If count 0 Then *x正向 i = 0 j = 0 i1 = 0 j1 = 0 If count = n Then For a = 1 To count i1 = i + L form1.Picture1.Line (i + x0, j + y0)-(i1 + x0, j1 + y0), RGB(255, 0, 0) i = i1 Next a Else: count = 0 End If ElseIf xe 0 Then *x负向 i = 0 j = 0 i1 = 0 j1 = 0 If count 0 And ye 0 Then *第象限插补i = 0j = 0i1 = 0j1 = 0f = 0If count = 0 Then i1 = i + L form1.Picture1.Line (i + x0, j + y0)-(i1 + x0, j1 + y0), RGB(255, 0, 0) i = i1 j = j1 f = f - Abs(ye) ElseIf f 0 Then j1 = j + L form1.Picture1.Line (i + x0, j + y0)-(i1 + x0, j1 + y0), RGB(255, 0, 0) i = i1 j = j1 f = f + Abs(xe) End IfNext mElse: count = 0End If ElseIf xe 0 Then *第象限插补i = 0j = 0i1 = 0j1 = 0f = 0If count = 0 Then i1 = i - L form1.Picture1.Line (i + x0, j + y0)-(i1 + x0, j1 + y0), RGB(255, 0, 0) i = i1 j = j1 f = f - Abs(ye) ElseIf f 0 Then j1 = j + L form1.Picture1.Line (i + x0, j + y0)-(i1 + x0, j1 + y0), RGB(255, 0, 0) i = i1 j = j1 f = f + Abs(xe) End IfNext mElse: count = 0End IfElseIf xe 0 And ye 0 Then *第象限插补i = 0j = 0i1 = 0j1 = 0 f = 0 If count = 0 Then i1 = i - L form1.Picture1.Line (i + x0, j + y0)-(i1 + x0, j1 + y0), RGB(255, 0, 0) i = i1 j = j1 f = f - Abs(ye) ElseIf f 0 And ye 0 Then *第象限插补i = 0j = 0i1 = 0j1 = 0 f = 0 If count = 0 Then i1 = i + L form1.Picture1.Line (i + x0, j + y0)-(i1 + x0, j1 + y0), RGB(255, 0, 0) i = i1 j = j1 f = f - Abs(ye) ElseIf f 0 And zy = 0 Then If u 5 Then If zx qx And zy qx And zy qy Then zxx = 0 zyy = -Abs(r) End If ElseIf u = 5 Then zxx = zx zyy = zy End If Else zxx = 0 zyy = -Abs(r)End If While Abs(i - zxx) = L Or Abs(j - zyy) = L jrx = jrx + jvx jry = jry + jvy If jrx = m And jry = m And Abs(i - zxx) = L And Abs(j - zyy) = L Then jrx = jrx - m i1 = i - L jry = jry - m j1 = j - L yichu = 1 ElseIf jrx = m And Abs(i - zxx) = L Then jrx = jrx - m i1 = i - L yichu = 1 ElseIf jry = m And Abs(j - zyy) = L Then jry = jry - m j1 = j - L yichu = 1 End If If yichu = 1 Then form1.Picture1.Line (i + a, j + b)-(i1 + a, j1 + b), RGB(255, 0, 0) yichu = 0 End If i = i1 j = j1 jvx = Abs(j) jvy = Abs(i)WendIf Abs(i - zx) = L Or Abs(j - zy) = L Then If i 0 Then i = i - L form1.Picture1.Line (i + a, j + b)-(i1 + a, j1 + b), RGB(255, 0, 0) End If If Abs(i - zx) = L Or Abs(j - zy) = L Then u = u + 1 Call LXddashun3(i, j, zx, zy, r, L, a, b, n, u) End IfEnd IfEnd SubPrivate Sub danbuddashun(ByVal x0, ByVal y0, ByVal x1, ByVal y1, ByVal r, ByVal L, a, b, ByVal n, count1, count2)qx = x0 - a *换算后的起点，终点坐标qy = y0 - bzx = x1 - azy = y1 - bu = 1If qx = 0 And qy 0 Then Call danbuddashun1(qx, qy, zx, zy, r, L, a, b, n, u, count1, count2) ElseIf qx = 0 Then Call danbuddashun2(qx, qy, zx, zy, r, L, a, b, n, u, count1, count2) ElseIf qx = 0 And qy 0 And qy = 0 And zy 0 Then If u qx And zy qy Then zxx = zx zyy = zy ElseIf zx = qx And zy = qy Then zxx = Abs(r) zyy = 0 ElseIf zx qy Then zxx = Abs(r) zyy = 0 End If ElseIf u = 5 Then zxx = zx zyy = zy End If Else zxx = Abs(r) zyy = 0End If While (Abs(i - zxx) = L Or Abs(j - zyy) = L) And count1 0 jrx = jrx + jvx jry = jry + jvy If jrx = m And jry = m And Abs(i - zxx) = L And Abs(j - zyy) = L Then jrx = jrx - m i1 = i + L jry = jry - m j1 = j - L yichu = 1 ElseIf jrx = m And Abs(i - zxx) = L Then jrx = jrx - m i1 = i + L yichu = 1 ElseIf jry = m And Abs(j - zyy) = L Then jry = jry - m j1 = j - L yichu = 1 End If If yichu = 1 Then form1.Picture1.Line (i + a