专八真题及答案详解.doc

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蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀蚃虿艿节蒆肈芈蒄蚁羄芈薇薄袀芇芆螀螆袃荿薃蚂袂蒁螈羀袂膀薁袆羁芃螆螂羀莅蕿蚈罿薇莂肇羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒂蚆螅羆膁葿蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀蚃虿艿节蒆肈芈蒄蚁羄芈薇薄袀芇芆螀螆袃荿薃蚂袂蒁螈羀袂膀薁袆羁芃螆螂羀莅蕿蚈罿薇莂肇羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒂蚆螅羆膁葿蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀蚃虿艿节蒆肈芈蒄蚁羄芈薇薄袀芇芆螀螆袃荿薃蚂袂蒁螈羀袂膀薁袆羁芃螆螂羀莅蕿蚈罿薇莂肇羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒂蚆螅羆膁葿蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀蚃虿艿节蒆肈芈蒄蚁羄芈薇薄袀芇芆螀螆袃荿薃蚂袂蒁螈羀袂膀薁袆羁芃螆螂羀莅蕿蚈罿薇莂肇羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒂蚆螅羆膁葿蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀蚃虿艿节蒆肈芈蒄蚁羄芈薇薄袀芇芆螀螆袃荿薃蚂袂蒁螈羀袂膀薁袆羁芃螆螂羀莅蕿蚈罿薇莂肇羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒂蚆螅羆膁葿蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀蚃虿艿节蒆肈芈蒄蚁羄芈薇薄袀芇芆螀螆袃荿薃蚂袂蒁螈羀袂膀薁袆羁芃螆螂羀莅蕿蚈罿薇莂肇羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒂蚆螅羆膁葿蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀蚃虿艿节蒆肈芈蒄蚁羄芈薇薄袀芇芆螀螆袃荿薃蚂袂蒁螈羀袂膀薁袆羁芃螆螂羀莅蕿蚈罿薇莂肇羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒂蚆螅羆膁葿蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀蚃虿艿节蒆肈芈蒄蚁羄芈薇薄袀芇芆螀螆袃荿薃蚂袂蒁螈羀袂膀薁袆羁芃螆螂羀莅蕿蚈罿薇莂肇羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒂蚆螅羆膁葿蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀蚃虿艿节蒆肈芈蒄蚁羄芈薇薄袀芇芆螀螆袃荿薃蚂袂蒁螈羀袂膀薁袆羁芃螆螂羀莅蕿蚈罿薇莂肇羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒂蚆螅羆膁葿蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀蚃虿艿节蒆肈芈蒄蚁羄芈薇薄袀芇芆螀螆袃荿薃蚂袂蒁螈羀袂膀薁袆羁芃螆螂羀莅蕿蚈罿薇莂肇羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒂蚆螅羆膁葿蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀蚃虿艿节蒆肈芈蒄蚁羄芈薇薄袀芇芆螀螆袃荿薃蚂袂蒁螈羀袂膀薁袆羁芃螆螂羀莅蕿蚈罿薇莂肇羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒂蚆螅羆膁葿蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀蚃虿艿节蒆肈芈蒄蚁羄芈薇薄袀芇芆螀螆袃荿薃蚂袂蒁螈羀袂膀薁袆羁芃螆螂羀莅蕿蚈罿薇莂肇羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒂蚆螅羆膁葿蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀蚃虿艿节蒆肈芈蒄蚁羄芈薇薄袀芇芆螀螆袃荿薃蚂袂蒁螈羀袂膀薁袆羁芃螆螂羀莅蕿蚈罿薇莂肇羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒂蚆螅羆膁葿蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀蚃虿艿节蒆肈芈蒄蚁羄芈薇薄袀芇芆螀螆袃荿薃蚂袂蒁螈羀袂膀薁袆羁芃螆螂羀莅蕿蚈罿薇莂肇羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒂蚆螅羆膁葿蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀蚃虿艿节蒆肈芈蒄蚁羄芈薇薄袀芇芆螀螆袃荿薃蚂袂蒁螈羀袂膀薁袆羁芃螆螂羀莅蕿蚈罿薇莂肇羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒂蚆螅羆膁葿蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀蚃虿艿节蒆肈芈蒄蚁羄芈薇薄袀芇芆螀螆袃荿薃蚂袂蒁螈羀袂膀薁袆羁芃螆螂羀莅蕿蚈罿薇莂肇羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒂蚆螅羆膁葿蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀蚃虿艿节蒆肈芈蒄蚁羄芈薇薄袀芇芆螀螆袃荿薃蚂袂蒁螈羀袂膀薁袆羁芃螆螂羀莅蕿蚈罿薇莂肇羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒂蚆螅羆膁葿蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀蚃虿艿节蒆肈芈蒄蚁羄芈薇薄袀芇芆螀螆袃荿薃蚂袂蒁螈羀袂膀薁袆羁芃螆螂羀莅蕿蚈罿薇莂肇羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒂蚆螅羆膁葿蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀蚃虿艿节蒆肈芈蒄蚁羄芈薇薄袀芇芆螀螆袃荿薃蚂袂蒁螈羀袂膀薁袆羁芃螆螂羀莅蕿蚈罿薇莂肇羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒂蚆螅羆膁葿蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀蚃虿艿节蒆肈芈蒄蚁羄芈薇薄袀芇芆螀螆袃荿薃蚂袂蒁螈羀袂膀薁袆羁芃螆螂羀莅蕿蚈罿薇莂肇羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒂蚆螅羆膁葿蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀蚃虿艿节蒆肈芈蒄蚁羄芈薇薄袀芇芆螀螆袃荿薃蚂袂蒁螈羀袂膀薁袆羁芃螆螂羀莅蕿蚈罿薇莂肇羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒂蚆螅羆膁葿蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀蚃虿艿节蒆肈芈蒄蚁羄芈薇薄袀芇芆螀螆袃荿薃蚂袂蒁螈羀袂膀薁袆羁芃螆螂羀莅蕿蚈罿薇莂肇羈芇蚇羃羇荿蒀衿羆蒂蚆螅羆膁葿蚁肅芄蚄羀肄莆蒇袆肃蒈蚂螂肂芈蒅螇肁莀螁蚃肀蒃薃羂肀膂蝿袈聿芄薂螄膈莇螇蚀膇葿薀罿膆腿莃羅膅莁薈袁膄蒃蒁螇膄膃蚇蚃膃芅葿羁膂莈蚅袇芁蒀蒈螃芀膀 TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2011)GRADE EIGHT TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture.Classifications of CulturesAccording to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures.I. High-context culture A. feature - context: more important than the message - meaning: (1)_ i.e. more attention paid to (2) _ than to the message itself B. examples - personal space - preference for (3)_ - less respect for privacy / personal space - attention to (4)_ - concept of time - belief in (5)_ interpretation of time - no concern for punctuality - no control over timeII. Low-context culture A. feature - message: separate from context - meaning: (6)_ B. examples - personal space - desire / respect for individuality / privacy - less attention to body language - more concern for (7)_ - attitude toward time - concept of time: (8)_ - dislike of (9)_ - time seen as commodityIII. Conclusion Awareness of different cultural assumptions - relevance in work and life e.g. business, negotiation, etc. - (10)_ in successful communicationSECTION B INTERVIEW/CONVERSATION In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now, listen to the interview.1. According to Dr. Harley, what makes language learning more difficult after a certain age?A. Differences between two languages. B. Declining capacity to learn syntax. C. Lack of time available. D. Absence of motivation.2. What does the example of Czech speakers show?A. Its natural for language learners to make errors. B. Differences between languages cause difficulty.C. There exist differences between English and Czech. D. Difficulty stems from either difference or similarity.3. Which of the following methods does NOT advocate speaking?A. The traditional method. B. The audiolingual method.C. The immersion method. D. The direct method.4. Which hypothesis deals with the role of language knowledge in the learning process?A. The acquisition and learning distinction hypothesis. B. The comprehensible input hypothesis.C. The monitor hypothesis. D. The active filter hypothesis.5. Which of the following topics is NOT discussed during the interview?A. Causes of language learning difficulties. B. Differences between mother tongue and a second language. C. Theoretical conceptualization of second language learning. D. Pedagogical implementation of second language teaching.SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.6. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Greyhound is Britains largest bus and train operator. B. Currently Greyhound routes in Britain are limited. C. The coach starts from London every hour. D. Passengers are offered a variety of services.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.7. What does the news item say about the fires in Greece?A. Fires only occurred near the Greek capital. B. Fires near the capital caused casualties. C. Fires near the capital were the biggest. D. Fires near the capital were soon under control.8. According to the news, what measure did authorities take to fight the fires?A. Residents were asked to vacate their homes. B. Troops were brought in to help the firefighters.C. Air operations and water drops continued overnight. D. Another six fire engines joined the firefighting operation.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the current decline in the Mexican economy?A. Fewer job opportunities in Mexico. B. Strong ties with the U.S. economy. C. Decline in tourism. D. Decline in tax revenues.10. Drop in remittances from abroad is mainly due to _.A. declining oil production B. the outbreak of the H1N1 fluC. the declining GDP in Mexico D. the economic downturn in the U.S.PART II READING COMPREHENSIONIn this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT A Whenever we could, Joan and I took refuge in the streets of Gibraltar. The Englishmans home is his castle because he has not much choice. There is nowhere to sit in the streets of England, not even, after twilight, in the public gardens. The climate, very often, does not even permit him to walk outside. Naturally, he stays indoors and creates a cocoon of comfort. That was the way we lived in Leeds. These southern people, on the other hand, look outwards. The Gibraltarian home is, typically, a small and crowded apartment up several flights of dark and dirty stairs. In it, one, two or even three old people share a few ill-lit rooms with the young family. Once he has eaten, changed his clothes, embraced his wife, kissed his children and his parents, there is nothing to keep the southern man at home. He hurries out, taking even his breakfast coffee at his local bar. He comes home late for his afternoon meal after an appetitive hour at his caf. He sleeps for an hour, dresses, goes out again and stays out until late at night. His wife does not miss him, for she is out, too at the market in the morning and in the afternoon sitting with other mothers, baby-minding in the sun. The usual Gibraltarian home has no sitting-room, living-room or lounge. The parlour of our working-class houses would be an intolerable waste of space. Easy-chairs, sofas and such-like furniture are unknown. There are no bookshelves, because there are no books. Talking and drinking, as well as eating, are done on hard chairs round the dining-table, between a sideboard decorated with the best glasses and an inevitable display cabinet full of family treasures, photographs and souvenirs. The elaborate chandelier over this table proclaims it as the hub of the household and of the family. Hearth and home makes very little sense in Gibraltar. Ones home is ones town or village, and ones hearth is the sunshine. Our northern towns are dormitories with cubicles, by comparison. When we congregate in the churches it used to be, now in the cinema, say, impersonally, or at public meetings, formally we are scarcely ever man to man. Only in our pubs can you find the truly gregarious and communal spirit surviving, and in England even the pubs are divided along class lines. Along this Mediterranean coast, home is only a refuge and a retreat. The people live together in the open air in the street, market-place. Down here, there is a far stronger feeling of community than we had ever known. In crowded and circumscribed Gibraltar, with its complicated inter-marriages, its identity of interests, its surviving sense of siege, one can see and feel an integrated society. To live in a tiny town with all the organization of a state, with Viceroy (总督), Premier, Parliament, Press and Pentagon, all in miniature, all within arms reach, is an intensive course in civics. In such an environment, nothing can be hidden, for better or for worse. Ones successes are seen and recognized; ones failures are immediately exposed. Social consciousness is at its strongest, with the result that there is a constant and firm pressure towards good social behaviour, towards courtesy and kindness. Gibraltar, with all its faults, is the friendliest and most tolerant of places. Straight from the cynical anonymity of a big city, we luxuriated in its happy personalism. We look back on it, like all its exiled sons and daughters, with true affection.11. Which of the following best explains the differences in ways of living between the English and the Gibraltarians?A. The family structure. B. Religious belief.C. The climate. D. Eating habit.12. The italicized part in the third paragraph implies that _.A. English working-class homes are similar to Gibraltarian ones B. English working-class homes have spacious sitting-rooms C. English wor