英语词汇提高Cha.ppt

Chapter 26 哈工大外国语学院 2012春 杨莉萍 词根 scend, scens, scent= to climb nascend v. (a=upward) 向上爬 登上，爬上，升迁 nEg. 1) They move freely from one department to another as they ascend the civil service ladder. n随着仕途晋升，他们可以在部门间随意调动。 n2) Now draw or trace ten dinosaurs in ascending order of size. n现在按照体型由小到大的顺序画出或临摹出10只恐龙。 nascendancy n. (ancy=表名词“状态”)上升状态优势，支配地位 nEg. He is completely under his wifes ascendancy. n他完全受制于他的妻子。 n(顺序上)由小到大的，上升的 ndescend v. (de = down) 向下爬? nEg. 1) The sun descended behind the hills. n2) He is descended from Confucius. n他是孔子的后裔。 ndescendant n. 向下的人,下面的人 ? nEg. They are the descendants of Queen Victoria. n他们是维多利亚女王的后裔。 ntranscend v. (trans = 越过，跨过) nEg. She far transcends the others in beauty and intelligence. n她才貌出众。 下降/ 传下 后代，后裔 超越 ncondescend v. (con=together/complete) nEg. 1) I felt so honored when the president condescended to accompany me to work into the midnight. n当董事长屈尊陪我工作到深夜时我感到太荣幸了。 n2) The boss condescended to mingle with the workers. n老板屈尊与工人们交往。 n3) Martin was eventually fed up with his girlfriends money and her condescending attitude. n马丁终于厌倦了他女朋友的钱财，也受够了她居高临下的态度 。 屈尊, 俯就, 降低身份 词根 fin= end, boundary 表示“结束，范围 ” nconfine v/n. (con=together/complete) nEg. 1) Health officials have successfully confined the epidemic (传染病，疫情) to the local area. n卫生官员成功地将疫情控制在当地。 n2) She confined her activities in educational circles. n她把她的各项活动都限制在教育圈内。 n3) The movie is set entirely within the confines of the abandoned factory. n影片的拍摄完全是在这个废弃的工厂厂区范围内进行。 限制, 局限 ndefine v. (de=to make) nEg. It is difficult to define what makes him so popular. n很难解释清楚什么原因使他如此走红。 ndefinite adj. nEg. It is too soon to give a definite answer. n要给出一个明确的/确定的答复还为时尚早。 nfinality n. nEg. I accept the finality of this outcome which will be ratified(确认) next Monday in the Electoral College. n我接受这个最终的结果，下星期一，这个结果会在选举团 会议上得到确认。 n下定义，解释，阐明 n定局，最终结果 naffinity n. (ad/af=toward, near) nEg. I feel a great affinity for dogs than for cats. nrefine n. (re=again) nEg. Oil is refined to remove naturally occurring impurities. nrefined adj. nEg. 1) With so much reading, his speech and manner are refined. n读过这么多的书，他谈吐文雅，彬彬有礼。 n2) This technique is becoming more refined and more acceptable all the time. n这种技术变得越来越完善，越来越受人欢迎。 喜欢，亲密感，吸引力 油经过提炼取出天然存在的杂质。 提炼，精炼 有教养的，有品位的; 完善了的，经过提升的 inflict nv. to cause sth. unpleasant to happen n造成(不快的事情)；引起，使发生 nEg. Such a policy would inflict severe hardship and suffering. n这样的政策会造成巨大的苦难。 nto inflict sth. on sb./sth. nEg. We are inflicting environmental damage on the earth. n我们正在给地球造成环境破坏。 词根 flict= to strike 表示“击打” nafflict v. 折磨 nEg. I dont want to afflict you with my troubles. n我不想使你为我的困难而苦恼。 nconflict n./ vi. 冲突 nEg. It is not surprising that such a view has led to very considerable conflicts. n这样的一种观点引起很大的分歧是不足为 怪的。 Some words with the meaning “good at learning and doing” 1. clever eg. a clever boy (with a quick and able mind)/ a clever worker (Skills are involved.) 2. intelligent 有智力的 eg. Human beings are intelligent animals. 3. smart (sometimes derog.) eg. a smart child/ businessman 4. bright a bright child/ idea 5. acute (with a mind or the senses to notice small differences ) eg. With his acute mind he is able to find an answer quickly. 6. subtle eg. 1) a subtle plan (clever in arrangement) 2) a subtle difference/ taste (hardly noticeable) 7. ingenious (指人)足智多谋 的； (指物)精巧的 eg. 1) an ingenious mind 2) an ingenious toy/tool 8. clear-sighted 有眼光的 eg. a clear-sighted politician 9. astute (to ones advantage) eg. an astute lawyer/ buyer 词根 liter = letter，words nliterate adj. 能读写的，有文化的 nEg. Sadly, many adults in developing countries are not literate; they cannot read and write. nilliterate adj. (legible illegible) nliteral adj. 字面意思，逐字逐句的 nEg. He is clearly not using the word “dead” in its literal sense when he said, “I arrived dead on time(非常准时).” nliterary adj. 文学的，通晓文学的，从事写作的 nliterature n. 文学，文学作品 nostalgia 一词的由来 n这是一个借用于拉丁语的词，是瑞士学者J. Hofer于1688年 从德语Heimweh homesickness(思家病，怀乡病)意译过来 的一个医学术语。他取希腊语nostos homecoming(回家)与 algia pain(痛苦)，把两者结合在一起，构成nostalgia。该词 在18世纪始用于英语，并在英语中流行的。在美国独立战争 期间，许多英国人因长期远离家乡害了忧郁症，英国医师卡 伦博士(William Cullen, 1710-1790)将这种病称作nostalgia, 意即“思乡病”或“怀乡病”。 到了第一次世界大战以后， nostalgia又被赋予“怀旧”或“恋旧”一义。这一用法始见于英国 诗人、小说家、散文家劳伦斯(D. H. L