地理科学专业英语单词复习.ppt

Word and phraseWord and phrase 1. 1. core; mantle; crust core; mantle; crust 地核；地幔；地地核；地幔；地 壳壳 4. continental crust 4. continental crust 大陆地壳大陆地壳 5. granite; basalt 5. granite; basalt 花岗岩；玄武岩花岗岩；玄武岩 6. 6. sialsial; ; simasima 硅铝层；硅镁层硅铝层；硅镁层 7. surface waves; body 7. surface waves; body 面波；体波面波；体波 8. 8. epicentreepicentre; focus ; focus 震中；震源震中；震源 9. lithosphere 9. lithosphere 岩石圈岩石圈 10. tectonic plate 10. tectonic plate 构造板块构造板块 11. 11. continetalcontinetal drift drift 大陆漂移大陆漂移 12. 12. asthenosphereasthenosphere 软流层软流层 13. ocean ridge 13. ocean ridge 洋脊洋脊 14. ocean trench 14. ocean trench 海沟海沟 15. 15. subductionsubduction 俯冲作用俯冲作用 16. volcanism 16. volcanism 火山作用火山作用 17. fold mountain 17. fold mountain 褶皱山脉褶皱山脉 18. fold; fault 18. fold; fault 褶皱；断层褶皱；断层 19. sedimentary rocks 19. sedimentary rocks 沉积岩沉积岩 20. vent 20. vent 火山口火山口 21. lava 21. lava 熔岩熔岩 22.volcanic cones 22.volcanic cones 火山锥火山锥 23. parasitic cone 23. parasitic cone 寄生火山锥寄生火山锥 24. plug 24. plug 岩颈岩颈 25. volcanic ash 25. volcanic ash 火山灰火山灰 26. mechanical weathering 26. mechanical weathering 机械风化机械风化 27. chemical weathering 27. chemical weathering 化学风化化学风化 28. freeze-thaw 28. freeze-thaw 冻融冻融 29. pressure release 29. pressure release 卸荷释重卸荷释重 30.limestone 30.limestone 石灰岩石灰岩 31. hydrolysis 31. hydrolysis 水解作用水解作用 32. quartz 32. quartz 石英石英 33. hydration 33. hydration 水合作用水合作用 34. oxidation 34. oxidation 氧化作用氧化作用 35. alluvium 35. alluvium 冲击层冲击层 36. gravel 36. gravel 砂砾砂砾 37. denudation 37. denudation 剥蚀作用剥蚀作用 38. precipitation 38. precipitation 降水降水 39. climatic zone 39. climatic zone 气候带气候带 40. mid-latitude 40. mid-latitude 中纬度中纬度 41. semi-arid 41. semi-arid 半干旱半干旱 42. tropical wet-dry 42. tropical wet-dry 热带干湿季气候热带干湿季气候 43. watershed 43. watershed 分水岭分水岭 44. drainage basin 44. drainage basin 流域流域 45. regolith 45. regolith 风化层风化层 46. soil creep 46. soil creep 土壤蠕动土壤蠕动 47. mass movement 47. mass movement 块体运动块体运动 48. strata 48. strata 地层地层 49. overland runoff 49. overland runoff 地表径流地表径流 50. sheet wash 50. sheet wash 片状冲刷片状冲刷 51. pediment 51. pediment 山前侵蚀平原（山足面山前侵蚀平原（山足面 ） 52. 52. rockfallrockfall 山崩山崩 53. landslide 53. landslide 滑坡滑坡 54. interception 54. interception 截流截流 55. 55. evapotranspirationevapotranspiration 蒸发和蒸腾总蒸发和蒸腾总 量量 56. capillary rise 56. capillary rise 毛管上升毛管上升 57. aeration zone 57. aeration zone 包气带包气带 58. overland flow ; interflow ; base flow 58. overland flow ; interflow ; base flow 地表径流；壤中流；地下径流地表径流；壤中流；地下径流 59. water table 59. water table 潜水面（水位）潜水面（水位） 60. basin length; area 60. basin length; area 流域长度流域长度; ;流域面流域面 积积 61. tributary 61. tributary 支流；支流； 62. trunk stream 62. trunk stream 干流干流 63. drainage density 63. drainage density 河网密度河网密度 64. flood plain 64. flood plain 泛滥平原泛滥平原 65. coniferous tree 65. coniferous tree 松树松树 67. 67. inselberginselberg 岛状山岛状山 68. equator 68. equator 赤道赤道 69. monsoon 69. monsoon 季风季风 70. storm hydrograph 70. storm hydrograph 暴雨水文曲线暴雨水文曲线 71. discharge 71. discharge 流量流量 72. peak flow 72. peak flow 洪峰流量洪峰流量 73. rainfall peak 73. rainfall peak 降水峰值降水峰值 74. precipitation intensity 74. precipitation intensity 降水强度降水强度 75. land use 75. land use 土地利用土地利用 76. water-born waste 76. water-born waste 水成废弃物水成废弃物 77. heavy metal 77. heavy metal 重金属重金属 78. climatology 78. climatology 气候学气候学 79. urban heat island 79. urban heat island 城市热岛城市热岛 80. deciduous trees 80. deciduous trees 落叶树落叶树 81. upper ;middle ; lower reach 81. upper ;middle ; lower reach 上中下游上中下游 82. vertical erosion 82. vertical erosion 下切侵蚀下切侵蚀 83. 83. headwardheadward erosion erosion 溯源侵蚀溯源侵蚀 84. lateral erosion 84. lateral erosion 侧蚀侧蚀 85. pot-hole 85. pot-hole 壶穴壶穴 86. meander 86. meander 曲流曲流 87. ox-bow lake 87. ox-bow lake 牛轭湖牛轭湖 88. delta 88. delta 三角洲三角洲 89. lake basin 89. lake basin 湖盆湖盆 90. levee 90. levee 天然提天然提 91. rill and gully erosion 91. rill and gully erosion 细沟、冲沟侵蚀细沟、冲沟侵蚀 92.clay;silt;sand;92.clay;silt;sand;粘土；粉砂；砂粘土；粉砂；砂 93. suspended sediment 93. suspended sediment 悬浮沉积物悬浮沉积物 94. 94. atmosphericalatmospherical fallout fallout 大气沉降大气沉降 95. laminar flow 95. laminar flow 层流层流 96. turbulent flow 96. turbulent flow 紊流紊流 97. riffle; pool 97. riffle; pool 浅滩；深槽浅滩；深槽 98. channel roughness 98. channel roughness 河道粗糙度河道粗糙度 99. sandbar 99. sandbar 沙坝沙坝 100. 100. thalwegthalweg 中泓线中泓线 101. estuary 河口河口 102. lagoon 102. lagoon 泻湖泻湖 103. salinity 103. salinity 盐度盐度 104. coastline 104. coastline 海岸线海岸线 105. dune 105. dune 沙丘沙丘 106. suspension; 106. suspension; saltationsaltation; creep ; creep 悬悬 移；跃移；蠕移移；跃移；蠕移 107. dust storm 107. dust storm 尘暴尘暴 108. windward; leeward 108. windward; leeward 迎风；背风迎风；背风 109. prevailing wind 109. prevailing wind 盛行风盛行风 110. deflation hollow 110. deflation hollow 风蚀凹地风蚀凹地 111. aridity 111. aridity 干燥度干燥度 112. tropic of cancer 112. tropic of cancer 北回归线北回归线 113. tropic of 113. tropic of capricorncapricorn 南回归线南回归线 114. 114. gobigobi 戈壁戈壁 115. 115. continentalitycontinentality 大陆度大陆度 116. cold ocean current 116. cold ocean current 寒流寒流 117. plateau 117. plateau 高原高原 118. alluvial fan 118. alluvial fan 冲积扇冲积扇 119. 119. pediplanationpediplanation 山麓夷平作用山麓夷平作用 120. deflation 120. deflation 风蚀风蚀 121. moraine 121. moraine 冰碛冰碛 122. glacial122. glacial；interglacial interglacial 冰期；间冰冰期；间冰 期期 123. Recent 123. Recent 全新世全新世 124. Quaternary Era 124. Quaternary Era 第四纪第四纪 125. 125. periglacialperiglacial period period 冰缘期冰缘期 126. 126. nivationnivation 冰蚀冰蚀 127. earth orbit 127. earth orbit 地球轨道地球轨道 128. plucking 128. plucking 挖蚀挖蚀 129. abrasion 129. abrasion 磨蚀磨蚀 130. pyramidal peak 130. pyramidal peak 角峰角峰 131. 131. aretearete 刃脊刃脊 132. cirque 132. cirque 冰斗冰斗 133. horn 133. horn 角峰角峰 134. U-shaped valley (trough) U134. U-shaped valley (trough) U型谷型谷 135. 135. fluvioglacialfluvioglacial deposit deposit 冰水沉积冰水沉积 136. drumlin 136. drumlin 鼓丘鼓丘 137. terminal moraine 137. terminal moraine 终碛终碛 138. outwash plain 138. outwash plain 冰水沉积平原冰水沉积平原 139. kettle hole 139. kettle hole 锅穴锅穴 140. wavelength 140. wavelength 波长波长 141. crest141. crest；trough trough 波峰；波谷波峰；波谷 142. wave period 142. wave period 周期周期 143. wave frequency 143. wave frequency 波频波频 144. wave height 144. wave height 波高波高 145. wave refraction 145. wave refraction 波浪折射波浪折射 146. tidal range 146. tidal range 潮差潮差 147. stack 147. stack 海蚀柱海蚀柱 148. arch 148. arch 海蚀拱桥海蚀拱桥 149. headland 149. headland 海岬海岬 150. troposphere (pause); 150. troposphere (pause); stratostrato-; -; mesomeso -; thermo- -; thermo- 对流层（顶）、平流、中对流层（顶）、平流、中 间、热成间、热成 151. pressure-gradient force 151. pressure-gradient force 气压梯度气压梯度 力力 152. isobar 152. isobar 等压线等压线 153. sub-tropical anticyclone 153. sub-tropical anticyclone 副热带高副热带高 压压 154. cirrus 154. cirrus 卷云卷云 155. cumulus 155. cumulus 积云积云 156. stratus 156. stratus 层云层云 157. cumulonimbus 157. cumulonimbus 积雨云积雨云 158. convection rain 158. convection rain 对流雨对流雨 159. thunderstorm 159. thunderstorm 雷雨雷雨 160. depression 160. depression 低气压低气压 161. frontal rain 161. frontal rain 锋面雨锋面雨 162. 162. orographicorographic rain rain 地形雨地形雨 163. equatorial trough 163. equatorial trough 赤道低压槽赤道低压槽 164. front 164. front 锋锋 165. temperature inversion 165. temperature inversion 逆温逆温 166. soil texture 166. soil texture 土壤质地土壤质地 167. loam 167. loam 壤土壤土 168. soil structure 168. soil structure 土壤结构土壤结构 169. soil moisture 169. soil moisture 土壤水分土壤水分 170. field capacity 170. field capacity 田间持水量田间持水量 171. 171. cationcation exchange capacity exchange capacity 阳离子交阳离子交 换量换量 172. 172. podzolpodzol 灰化土灰化土 173. brown earth 173. brown earth 褐土褐土 174. sandstone 174. sandstone 砂岩砂岩 175. 175. gleygley 潜育土潜育土 176. 176. azonalazonal soil soil 非地带性土壤非地带性土壤 177. soil horizon 177. soil horizon 土层土层 178. 178. humificationhumification 腐殖化作用腐殖化作用 179. 179. mineralisationmineralisation 矿化作用矿化作用 180. 180. eluviationeluviation 淋溶作用淋溶作用 181. calcification 181. calcification 钙化作用钙化作用 182. 182. salinisationsalinisation 盐化作用盐化作用 183. 183. gleyinggleying 潜育化作用潜育化作用 184. 184. illuviationilluviation 淀积作用淀积作用 185. savanna 185. savanna 热带稀树草原（萨王纳热带稀树草原（萨王纳 ） 186. saline soil 186. saline soil 盐土盐土 187. biogeography 187. biogeography 生物地理学生物地理学 188. biotic ; 188. biotic ; abioticabiotic element element 生物生物; ;非生物成非生物成 分分 189. 189. autotrophautotroph; ; heterotrophheterotroph 自养生物；异自养生物；异 养生物养生物 190. producer; consumer 190. producer; consumer 生产者；消费者生产者；消费者 191. photosynthesis 191. photosynthesis 光合作用光合作用 192. herbivore 192. herbivore 食草动物食草动物 193. carnivore 193. carnivore 食肉动物食肉动物 194. decomposer 194. decomposer 分解者分解者 195. 195. trophictrophic pyramid pyramid 营养金字塔营养金字塔 196. food web 196. food web 食物网食物网 197. primary productivity 197. primary productivity 初级生产初级生产 力力 198. gross productivity 198. gross productivity 总生产力总生产力 199. net productivity 199. net