《管理会计ACCA》PPT课件.ppt

管理会计 MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Lecturer: Wang Lihua 王黎华 四川大学工商管理学院 Lily WangLily Wang Paper F2 Management Accounting Paper P4 Advanced Financial Management Paper P5 Advanced Performance Management Paper F5 Performance Management Paper F9 Financial Management Contents Preface(chapter 1) Cost classification and mathematics (2-5) Costing methods and techniques(6-12) Budgeting and standard costing (13-16) Short-term decision making(17-19) Cost and cost classification(2) Cost behavior(3,4,5)Cost elements (2) variablefixed MC (9) material(6)labor (7) overhead (8) AC (9) Costing systemMaking decision CVP Analysis (17) Job Costing (12) Process Costing (10,11) Service Costing (12) Linear programming (19) Relevant Costing (18) Budgeting and Standard costing(13-16) Semi- variable Comparison Chapter 1 Information for management Chapter contents 1.Organizations 2. Information for management 3. Financial Accounting & Management Accounting 4.presenting information to management 1. Organizations Why do organisations exist: This depends on the type of organisation and its objectives. With profit seeking organisations they primarily exist to generate wealth for their owners. 1)Organisations objectives( Primary objective): Profit seeking organisations :to maximise the wealth of the owners of the business Public sector organisation : provision of a quality product/service within a value for money framework. Not for profit organisations (NFPO) : provisions of a social or community service for the well being of society. Other objectives of profit seeking organisations Maximize profit Maximize revenue Increase market share Minimize costs 2)Strategy and organizational structure Strategy Structure There are two schools of thought on the link between strategy and organisational structure. * Structure follows strategy * Strategy follows structure 3)Functions of management Setting objectives Making plans Making decisions Putting plans (decisions) into action Monitoring actual results Taking control action Evaluating performance Planning and Control and Making decisions Planning, control and decision making Strategic planning Tactical planning Control decision making Decision making process MCS :Management control system Basic elements: Planning Recording Carrying out Comparing Evaluating Taking corrective action MIS: management information system 4) Anthonys view of management activity Strategic planning: setting objectives and strategic targets Management control: decisions about the efficient and effective use of resources Operational control: carry out specific tasks Organizations resources: 4 Ms men, materials, machines, money 5) Management activities hierarchy Strategic planning and control Tactical planning and control Operational planning and control 2.Information for management Why do managers need information What type of information they need How can they get the information they need When can they get 1) Why is information important? Management need information to plan, control and make decisions 2)Data and information Data Information 3)The qualities of good information have purpose relevant Timely and clear understandable accurate complete not excessive communicated to right person by right channel confidence value should exceed the cost The cost of information Gathering cost Processing cost Storing cost Providing cost Q: How to assess the value of information? 4) The type of information Financial information Non- Financial information A combination of financial information and Non-financial information Strategic information Tactical information Operational information Note: the features of them 5)Sources of information internal and external sources structured information systems and non- structured ways 3. Financial Accounting & Management Accounting Financial accounting Management accounting cost accounting Financial Accounting: recording and reporting historical data. Management Accounting: deciding where the company wants to go and ensuring it gets there. Cost accounting: is part of management accounting. It provides data for the management accountant to use. 1)Financial Accounting versus Management Accounting Financial Accounting Management Accounting purposedetail historical performance for general use aid plan, control, making decision usersstakeholdersmanagers focusesfinancial position, profitability, cash flows Specific areas of an organizations activities (continued) Financial Accounting Management Accounting influencing factors law, GAAP, IAP, IFRS no strict rules presented measures monetary monetary and non-monetary Period scope of data historicalHistorical and future It is important to remember that as management accounting is forward looking, it relies heavily on guesses and approximations, to deal with future uncertainties. We therefore have to use reasonable approximations in all our calculations. 2) Cost accounting The differences between cost accounting and management accounting Aims of cost accounts 3) The role of accountants 4.Presenting information to management Reporting How to prepare reports Report format Review New words, phrases and special terms How to remember the whole contents of chapter 1 Financial accounting system management accounting system Processed datastructured information Strategic,tactical and operational information Internal sources , external sources Numerical and non-numerical information Financial and non-financial information With good qualities reported To different Levels of management Planning and control(making decisions) Strategic,tactical and Operational decisions Regular and ad hoc decisions To achieve objectives or targets Questions & Exercises 1.INFORMATION FOR MANAGEMENT18 MINS Explain what you understand by the term cost accounting and describe the benefits which a cost accounting system produces for an organisation. (You may refer to your own experience relating to costing systems in your answer).(10 marks) 2.The role of information technology in management information18 MINS Computers are used for the purpose of processing data for a wide range of applications. (a) What do you understand by the term data processing?(2 marks) (b) Identify and describe five basic data processing activities, illustrating each one with a practical example from a computerised weekly payroll system.(5 marks) (c) What are the advantages of using a computer to process data? (3 marks) (10 marks) Objective test questions 1.Which of the following could be true with regard to a MIS? A database system Used for planning, directing and controlling activities A hierarchy of information within organisation A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2)and (3) 2.Which of the following is correct? A qualitative data is numerical information only B information can only be extracted from external sources C operational information gives details of long-term only D data can be either discrete or continuous 3.What level of planni