高考英语阅读基础训练猜测词义课件.ppt

When a contractor is ready to begin construction of a superhighway，he makes a preliminary study of the drawings and blueprints supplied by the engineers. He gains mental picture of the whole job before he begins actual construction 答案A. preparatory。 preliminary和preparatory 的前缀都是前缀都是prepre，表示“预先”的意思，又根据常 识，凡是搞工程建设在着手建造时一定要作建筑 前期准备，包括研究审查工程师的设计图纸等。 且据词prepare,故A为唯一正确选项。 Read the paragraph quickly and guess the meaning of Read the paragraph quickly and guess the meaning of the underline word:the underline word: A.preparatory B. afterwards C. scientific D. necessary 常见设问形式 1 The word “” refers to/ probably means/ could best be replaced by _ 2 The word “” is most likely to mean_ 3 What do you think the expression “” stands for? _ 4 By saying “” we mean_ 5 “” as used in the passage, can be best defined as _. 技 巧 点 拨 2 对比法 3 因果法 4 联想法 5 构词法 1定义法 通过定义,定语从句/词组,同位语/词组 (that is, or, i.e , such as , in other words , namely , put another way)来确定词义 1. It will be very hard but also very brittlethat is, it will break easily. A easily broken B soft inside C very hard D expensive 一 定义法 2.The herdsman ,who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. A keeper of a group of animals ,esp. cattles B a butcher C a man who sell sheep D a person who looks after and kill animals 3. The word “adolescence” means the period between children and adulthood. A 少儿期 B 幼儿期 C 青春期 D 成人期 在一个生词的前后有时会出现它的反 义词或常用来对比的词语，我们从而 可以推知该生词的意思。这时应该特 别注意表示转折或对比的连词（ although, but, while, etc.）、副词（ instead ,yet ,etc）或介词短语（on the other hand, on the contrary, etc. ） 二 对比法 2. Most of us agreed, however ,Bill dissented. A have a different opinion B support C like it very much D doesnt show his ideas 1. l. Twelveyearold Sally was an active girl，but her sister was quite sedate A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energetic 根据对上下文或整句的理解，运用其因果 关系，猜出该生词的意义. 1.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken .Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. A going on for a long time B that may be permitted C not very strong D in a bad condition 三因果法 2.One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. A without food,clothes,and other things necessary for life B believing to control events C deciding in advance 3.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. A very large B crowed C noisy D good 利用常识、自己的经验、经历及社 会、科技等方面的知识猜词 1. She read my letter slowly to the end and then tore it to shreds. A fragments B the whole C envelope D fires 四 联想法 1.The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel A the top of the frame of a door or window B the bottom of the frame of a door or window C the top part of the roof or ceiling 2. After inventing dynamite, Nobel became a very rich man. A powerful explosive B light C engine D electricity 英语中某些生词的产生有一定的规 律可循，这种规律称之为构词法。英 语中常见的构词法有转换、派生、合 成三种。对构词法知识有一定的了解 ，在阅读中，我们就可以运用相应的 构词法来猜测某些生词的含义。 五 构词法 l比如，我们也许不知道unforeseeable的含 义，但我们可以根据构词法得知它是一个 派生词。于是把它拆成un,fore,see,able;其 中see是词根，fore是“先、前、预”的含义 ，un是否定，able是“能的”，因此 unforeseeable就是“未能预见到的”。 l再如，我们也许从未见过“lipservice”这个 词。通过观察分析该词，我们知道它是一 个合成词，由“lip”和“service”两词构成， “lip”是“嘴唇”，“service”是“服务”，于是 ，我们不难猜出“lipservice”是“口惠而实 不至，空话”的意思。 1.We must safeguard the world peace. A protect B care or custody C prevent D to keep safe with a burglar-alarm 2.Dont listen to his nonsense. A havig no meaning B meaningless words C humorous speech D not making sense 1) He found an unpretentious job as a wheeler of cement（水泥）and loved being unnoticed. A. unshowy B. unlucky C. easy D. unhappy 2) Alberts success after much effort and practice proves the value of persistence. A. time B. competition C. perseverance D. beginning again being unnoticed. loved 3) He felt very alone; he had lived in Baltimore City for a month and had met no one in the inhospitable city. A. unfriendly B. uncomfortable C. unhealthy D. enormous 4) The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A.work B. study C. name D. interest 5) She sneered, “You are the worst type of parasite. You make me sick! You take our friendship and love, but you give nothing of yourself! A. person B. enemy C. friend D. one who lives on another 提示： 这一阅读理解练习的特点是每一题都看 三个句子，每后一句总比前一句多一层 新意思，每一题都有一个相同划线部分 的词语。必须学会根据上下文提供的信 息，结合一定的常识才能推理判断出新 词语的准确意思。 Further consolidation Further consolidation 例题： Tom cant find his sneakers. A.Money B. bowls C. shoes Tom cant find his white sneakers A.Money B. bowls C. shoes Tom cant play tennis now because he cant find his white sneakers. A.Money B. bowls C. shoes l）Jane is usually prompt. Alate Bon time Cpleased PRACTICE Jane is usually prompt for her classes Alate B. on time，C. pleased Jane is usually prompt for all her classes ，but she arrived in the middle of her first class. Alate Bon time Cpleased B Tom saw an owl in a tree last night Aa bird Ban animal Cthe sun 2）Tom saw an owl last night Aa bird Ban animal Cthe sun Tom saw an owl last night but it flew away when he got near Aa bird Ban animal Cthe sun A 1) The boy wants to ride a brown pony. Adog Bcat Chorse C 2) Since he rejected the advice his teacher gave him，he failed in the exam Atook Brefused CmadeB 3)The children are looking at a large, hairy(毛的) ape at the zoo Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of snake Ca kind of bird A 4)The fresh trout is very cheap, but I dont know how to cook it Afish Bfruit Capple A 5)Jack was injured when he played basketball this morning，and he could not come to school A. ill Bhurt Csad B 6)The lady asked the waitress to get her a clean saucer to put her coffee cup on Aa glass Ba cake Ca small pl