名词--之中考总复习资料.doc

名词I. 名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名.地名.人名，团体.机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II. 名词的数：1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives加-s roof-roofs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days 6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-eshero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, kilo-kilos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, month-months,2. 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同sheep, deer, , fish, yuan, 3只有复数形式trousers, clothes, goods, glasses, 4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, 5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）class, family, 7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Europeans单复数同形Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名词将两部分变为复数women singers, men teachers Child-childrenIII. 名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1. s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加sthe boys father, Jacks book复数名词一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother, 不规则复数名词后加sthe childrens toys, 表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加sJapans and Americas problems, Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加sJapan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys father表示某人家店铺，所有格后名词省略the doctors, my uncles3. of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book；the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。. 名词作定语的用法名词作定语一般用单数，如shoe shops;但也有特殊情况，用复数做定语的有：1. 固定用法sports meeting;2. man, woman,等作定语时，其单数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：men works ; women teachers ; .名词的辨析1. sound ,noise , voice 的区别： sound指各种声音；noise主要指噪音；voice指人的嗓音。2. 常考易混词组 information信息，（不可数）；message消息;invention发明;instruction 说明书； advice建议（不可数） ；advertisement广告；news 消息（不可数）；direction方向； excuse 借口，理由；experience 经验，经历；expression 表达； exhibition 展览，显示；展览会； reason理由; furniture 家具（不可数）练习1、There is good_ for you. Ive found your lost watch. 广东省A. news B. ideas C. messages D. thoughts2、My uncle will come to my house for dinnerI want to buy some _to make a vegetable salad for him济宁Ameat Btomatoes Capple juice3、The teacher said we needed to choose three for the school concert. 重庆A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers D. singers 4、At night the koala bear gets up and eats_广元A1eaf B1eaves C leafs 5、The PLA man saved three _lives in the accident济南Achildrens Bchildren Cchild Dchilds6、Come on，childrenHelp yourselves to some_ if you like南通Afish and chicken Bfishes and chickenCfish and chickens Dfishes and chickens7、All the _teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th，because it was their own holiday 重庆Aman Bmen Cwoman Dwomen8、Mr Smith always has _to tell us青岛Asome good pieces of news B some pieces of good news Csome good piece of newes Dsome piece of good newes 9、Would you like to have a look at some pants?They may fit you well一Well，Id like to try those blue_.黄冈Apairs Bone Cpant Dpair10、Would you like some drinks, boys? 河北 Yes, , please.A.some oranges B. two boxes of chocolates C. some cakes D.two bottles of orange11、 exciting news! We will have long holiday after the exam.黄冈A. What an, a B. What, a C. How an, the D. How, the12、_fathers are both scientists 咸宁 AJims and Bob BJims and Bobs CJim and Bobs DJim and Bob13、_room is big and brightThey like it very much 河北ATom and Sam BToms find Sam CTom and Sams DToms and Sams14、Hows Joys skirt?Her skirt is more beautiful than . 兰州A. her sisters and Kate B. her sister and Kate C. her sister and Kates D. her sisters and Kates15、Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here?No, its about _.（浙江宁波）A. 7 minutes walkB. 7 minute walkC. 7 minutes walkD. 7 minutes walk16、Come and see me in . With pleasureThats what Im expecting哈尔滨 Atwo or three daysBtwo or three days timeCtwo or three days time17、Im going on holiday on the 12thI have to be back at work on the 26th.So Ive got two_ holiday临沂Aweeks Bweeks Cweeks Dweek18. These _ have saved many childrens lives. A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor19.This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Janes C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes20. -Are there any _ on the farm? -Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep21、Studying in a foreign country is a different _and you can learn a lot盐城Aevent Bexercise Cexperience Dexhibition22、I dont know how to use this machine一It doesnt matterHere is the_江西Ainstruction Bdirection C. information Dadvertisement23、-Look, the tall building looks very modern.-Yes, and there is a garden on its _. A garden in the air! 河南省A. top B. ground C. side D. floor24-Oh! There isnt enough _ for us in the bus. -No hurry. Lets wait for the next. 昆明市A. place B. land C. room D. floor25、0ur school held an activity called “Recommend Books to Your Teachers”The students made a_of 1 000 books淄博Anote B1ine Cmenu D1ist二【中考演练1】1.We went to Dr. Browns yesterday. He gave us _.A. some advice B. advices C. an advice D. some advices2. What _ theyve got! No wonder they are very happy.A. a good news B. quite a good news C. good news D. little news3. Much _ to fight against pollution.A. have been done B. has been done C. had been done D. has done4. What _ ! Lets go swimming.A. a fine weather B. fine day C. a fine day D. bad weather5. You have made _. You should be more careful. A. a lot of mistake B. a great deal of mistakes C. a large number of mistakes D. few mistakes6. Before we moved into the new house, we bought many_. A. furnitures B. furniture C. pieces of furniture D. pieces of furnitures7. The bookshelf over there is _. A. Marys and Janes B. Marys and Jane C. Mary and Janes D. Mary s furnitures8.We saw the guest off at _ yesterday. A. the Shanghais Railway Station B. the Shanghai Railway StationC. Shanghai Railway Station D. The railway Station of Shanghai9. They had a good time at the _ Palace. A. children B. Childrens C. Children D. Childrens 10. Xiao Li was _ in my boyhood. A. my close friend B. mine a close friend C. a close friend of mine D. a close friend of me11. These are _ famous other presses They are having a meeting in one of the _office. A. editor-in-chiefs; editors- in chief B. editors-in-chief; editors- in-chiefsC. editor-in-chiefs; editors-in-chief D. editor-in-chiefs; editors-in-chiefs12. There are five _ in our class. A. Zhangs B. Zhangs C. Zhangs D. The Zhangs13. How far is your school? A. Twenty-five minutes walk. B. The walk of twenty-five minutesC. Twenty-five minutes walks D. Twenty-five minutes walk.14.Which do you like better, _ or _? A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cow D. sheeps; cows15. Were going to have a _ next month.A. two day holiday B. two day holiday C. two days holiday D. two days holiday16. Whos a cousin? A. Uncle or aunts son. B. Uncle or aunts daughterC. Uncles or aunts child. D. Uncle or aunts brother or sister.17. She always wears beautiful _.A. clothes B. cloth C. dress D. clothings18. Will you have a little _? A. more fishes B. more fish C. much fishes D. fishes19. There _ in my class. Which of them do you want to see?A. is John B. are three Johns C. are the Johns D. is the John20. Twenty dollars _ what he needs.A. was B. were C. is D. has been21. The United Nations _ a resolution.A. has past B. has passed C. have passed D. has through22. The Arabian Nights _ a very interesting storybook.A. is B. are C. has been D. had been23. The New York Times _ a wide circulation(发行额).A. is B. has C. are D. have24. Mathematics(数学) _ a very important subject.A. are B. is C. were D. was25. His physics _ weak. A. is B. seem C. was D. are26. An iron works _ now.A. is being built B. are being built C. has built D. has been built27. Every means _ tried to improve teaching and learning.A. has B. has been C. have D. were28. The police _ searching for a tall dark man with long hair.A. is B. has been C. are D. had been29. I was very excited when I saw so many _ on the farm.(2006长沙中考题)A. chicken B. sheep C. duck 30. - I want to go to different places, but I dont know the _.- A map is helpful, I think.(2006江西中考题)A. price B. way C. time D. ticket31. Can I help you?- Id like _ for my twin daughters.(2005黄冈市中考题)A. two pair of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pairs of shoe D. two pairs of shoes32. Ive read _ sports news about the F1 race today.A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of 二. 根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。1. Weve got a lot of new _(杂志) in our school library.2. Please turn to another _（频道）, I dont like this show.3. Yesterday the _(航班) to London was put off because of the bad weather.4. Autumn is my favourite_ (季节).5. -How many _(小刀) do you have? -Three.6. _ are widely used in the modern world.(计算机)7. June 1st is _(儿童) Day.8. Mary, would you please tell me your new _(地址) so that I can write to you.9. -Does this piece of _(音乐) sound nice?-Yes. Its wonderful!10. May 12th is the International _(护士) Day. Lets say “ Thanks” to them for their work.一练习1、答案A。解析 四个选项都是以s结尾的名词，其中A为不可数名词，B、C、D为名词的复数形式，句中用了连系动词is，所以只有A项正确。2、答案B。解析下文说制作蔬菜沙拉，故选蔬菜类的tomatoes。3、答案 D。解析可数名词的复数形式是在原形后加“s”。根据school concert可知，需要挑选的是singers。 4、答案B。解析考查名词leaf的复数形式。 以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时，一般将f或fe变v后，加es。5、 答案A。解析考查名词所有格的用法。three后接复数children，变名词所有格时直接加“s”，故选A。6、 答案A。解析fish(鱼肉)和chicken(鸡肉)都是不可数名词。7、 答案D。解析