名词性从句专题教案.docx

安庆市慧德高级中学 暑期夏令营 英语补习课教案 程腊兵名词性从句专题 在一个句子中，名词能作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。当我们在一个句子中用一个句子来担当主语、宾语、表语和同位语时，这个句子就叫做主语从句、或宾语从句、或表语从句、或同位语从句。这些从句的统称为名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组。所以按其句法功能，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的有连接词that, whether 和if，关系代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever以及关系副词when, where和how。任何一种从句都必须由一个引导词来引导。引导名词性从句的引导词在语法上称为连接词。而连接词又根据它们在句子中的不同作用又被划分为：连接词 连接代词 连接副词.一、名词性从句的引导词有：连接词 ： that、 if、whether连接代词 ：who/ whom/whose/what/which/wh_ever连接副词： when/where/why/how/how long二、各种连接词的用法：1. 连接词 that、whether、if 不在它们引导的主语从句 中充当句子成分。 2. 连接代词who、whose、what、 which等都在句子中担当一个句子成 分。比如：主语、宾语、表语、定语等等。3. 关系副词when、where、how、why、how long等分别在句子中作时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、方式状语等等。 主语从句（The Subject Clause）作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。由it作形式主语的主语从句常以it作形式主语的句型有：A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如：It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。如：Its a pity that we cant go. 很遗憾我们不能去。Its no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我们没赢这场比赛真意外。C. It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。如：It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。D. It+seems, happens等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如：It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。E. It doesnt matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：It doesnt matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪里开会毫无区别。F.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗？G.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪！ 宾语从句（The Object Clause） 名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如： I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如： Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如： he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如： We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。 表语从句（The Predicative Clause）在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 同位语从句（The Appositive Clause）同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 试比较下面两个例句: I had no idea that you were here（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面一、从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是：idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等有一定内涵的名词.而定语从句的先行词可以是名词,代词,主句的一部分或是整个主句.如: 1）News has reached us that he was admitted into Beijing University. 我们得到消息说他被北大录取 (同位语从句)2）The news he told us is not true.他告诉我们的消息是不真实的.(定语从句) 高考回放 1).Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class_ he had to meet his uncle at the air port.（06重庆）A. why B. thatC. where D. because赏析：答案B. 该题易误选A, 误以为是why 引导的定语从句。但仔细分析可以看出这里the reason 已与“for being absent form the class”搭配，即“缺课的原因”故为他that引导的同位语从句，具体解释说明his reason.二. 从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。如: 1.Do you know the fact that he was diagnosed with cancer? 你知道他被诊断患有癌症这个事实吗(同位语从句,补充说明promise具体内容.) 2These are the facts he collected about her crime这些便是他收集关于他犯罪的证据(定语从句,facts在从句中作collected的宾语.) 高考回放 1）（06天津）There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. A. that B. which C. until D. if赏析：答案A. that 是引导词，引出同位语从句，具体解释说明 chance 的内容。2）(02上海春季)Is this the reason _at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A .he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained赏析：答案A 为定语从句，关系代词that/which 被省略了。三. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别 有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句.如: 1That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑.(同位语从句) 2I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事.(同位语从句) 引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略.that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替.如: 3The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了.(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略.) 4The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组.(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略.)高考回放 1). (06安徽)A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.安徽A. if B. when C. that D. which赏析：答案C. that引导同位语从句，具体解释说明thought 的具体内容，2)(06江苏). The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.A. who B. that C. as D. which赏析答案D. which 引导非限定性定语从句，指“The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running”这件事。强化练习：1. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.( 04上海春招) A. which B. that C. what D. whether 2. Luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way. (04北京春招) A. it B. that C. this D. which 3. Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.(06山东)A. where B. that C. when D. which4. The Beatles,_ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool(06天津)A. what B. that C. how D. as5.Do you have anything to say for yourselves?(06江西)Yes, thats one pointwe must insist on.A. why B. where C. how D./6.1. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont.（06北京）A. who ; 不填 B. 不填 ; who C. who ; who D. 不填表; 不填7.-Its thirty years since we last met.（06四川）-But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy night.A. which B. that C. what D. when8. She was educated at Beijing University,_ She went on to have her advanced study abroad.（06陕西）A. after which B. from whichC. from that D. after that9.Anyway ,that evening, _I ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place（04浙江）A .when B. where C. what D. which10York, _ last year, is nice old city.(03北京)A .that I visited B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which I visited参考答案：1-5BDAAD6-10 C DADB 高考英语名词性从句练习题及答案解析第一部分：基础题1. _ makes his shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. WhoC. WhateverD. Whoever2. Its thirty years since we last met. But I still remember the story, believe it or not,_ we got lost on a rainy night. A. which B. that C. what D. when3. See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning.A. when B. which C. where D. What4. Could you do me a favor?It depends on _ it is. A. whichB. whicheverC. whatD. whatever5. These shoes look very good. I wonder _. A. how much cost they are B. how much do they costC. how much they costD. how much are they cost6. Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.A. which B. that C. when D. why7. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. A. whyB. whatC. whoD. that8. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom?A. thatB. whatC. asD. which9. Why does she always ask you for help? There is no one else _, is there? A. who to turn to B. she can turn toC. for whom to turnD. for her to turn10. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth. A. /B. whetherC. howD. what11. Danny left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.A. whoB. thatC. asD. which12. Mum is coming. What present _ for your birthday?A. you expect she has gotB. you expect has she gotC. do you expect she has gotD. do you expect has she got13. The way he did it was different _ we were used to.A. in whichB. in whatC. from whatD. from which14. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. A. what; whenB. that; whichC. what; whichD. which; that15. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether第二部分：强化题1. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. A. ifB. whereC. whetherD. that2. A warm thought suddenly came to me _I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. A. if B. when C. that D. which3. There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A. that B. which C. until D. if4. Please remind me _ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.A. where B. when C. how D. what5. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us. _ we gave some bells and glasses. A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which6. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action. A. which B. that C. what D. whether7. _ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever8. I just wonder that makes him so excited. A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is9. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger , more prosperous economy. A. As B. That C. This D. It10. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. A. why B. that C. where D. because11. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough. A. whereB. howC. whatD. which12. He noticed that the straight part of the dance was different in the afternoon from _ it had been in the morning. A. thatB. whereC. whatD. which13. Id like to work with _ is honest and easy to get on with. (2006年山东模拟题)A. whoB. whoeverC. whomeverD. no matter who14. When you are reading, make a note of _ you think is of great importance.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. when15. Can we get everything ready by the weekend?It all depends on _ we can get Mr. Greens cooperation. A. thatB. whatC. whetherD. if高考趋势与重点 名词性从句在历年地高考中几乎都有所涉及，并且每年地命题各有变化。近年来地高考试题更侧重于在一定地语言环境下考查熟练使用英语语序和关联词地能力。因此，在平时地备考复习中我们除了牢固掌握基础知识外，还要多注意一定语境下基础知识地运用。一、 It 在名词性从句中得用法：1. It is time that(虚拟语气) 2. It is the first time that（现在完成时）3. It is necessary (important) thatshould do(虚拟语气)4. It is likely(possible, obvious, clear, natural, certain,) that5. It is a pity(a fact, good news, no wonder, an honour, a shame, common sense, a common practice) that6. It turned out that; It happened that; It occurred to sb. that; 7. It is said(reported, believed, estimated, announced, expected) that;8. It is suggested(required, ordered) that(虚拟语气)二、 What 与that 在名词性从句中用法比较：That Tom fell off his chair by accident got the classmates laughing.What Tom learned in university helps him a lot in his job.注：that 在从句中不作任何成分，what 在从句中必须担当主语或宾语。We have reached what is called XinJie kou.三、 宾语从句1. 一个动词后跟多个宾语从句时，第二个开始的连词that不能省略。He said (that) he didnt attend the party and that he didnt want to.2. 否定转移I dont think he is fit for the job, is he?I never thought that he would come for the dinner party.3. 有些不可直接跟宾语从句的动词。I hate it when; I dislike it when; Id appreciate it ifI will see to it that4. 与定语从句的转换Jerry told us _ he had seen abroad.A. what B. all that C. all what D. all 注：本题四个答案都正确。答案C 可以看作all 是前面的us 的同位语。 四、 主语从句a. 主语从句于定语从句的转换 What is needed has been bought. All that is needed has been bought. b. 几个特殊句型之间的转换 It is known to all that China has joined the WTO. As is known to all, China has joined the WTO. What is known to all is that China has joined the WTO.五、 表语从句a. 表语从句中的虚拟语气 My suggestion is that we should carry out the plan as soon as possible.b. 几个表语从句的切换 The reason why I came late is that my car broke down on the half way. He came late. Thats because his car broke down. His car broke down on the half way. Thats why he came late.六、 同位语从句a. 与定语从句的区别 It is a fact that he has done his best. It is a fact that you cant refuse.b. 同位语从句中的虚拟语气 The proposal that he put forward is to be discussed at the meeting. The proposal that we should import more equipment is to be discussed.c. have no idea 后面跟同位语从句 I have no idea where Green Park lies.答案解析基础题A 此题考察what引导名词性从句的用法。在此题中what引导主语从句，同时在从句中充当主语。B 通过对句子的分析可知，believe it or no