帮你复习动词不定式.docVIP

适合高二版第8期动词不定式用法栏目帮你复习动词不定式动词不定式属于非谓语动词，其形式为“to + 动词原形”，否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式的逻辑主语用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。一、不定式的用法1、不定式作主语e.g. To live is to struggle. 活着就是斗争。 To see once is better than to hear a hundred times. 百闻不如一见。（1）如果不定式太长，为使句子结构匀称，习惯上常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语（动词不定式）置于句后，从而出现以下结构：“It + be + adj./n. + to do”e.g. Its not easy to learn English well. 学好英语不容易。 Its our duty to help the poor. 帮助穷人是我们的职责。（2）如果需要说明是谁发出不定式所表示的动作，则可以在不定式前面加上逻辑主语。e.g. Its not easy for us to learn English well. 我们学好英语不容易。于是上述结构可以改为：“It + be + adj./n. + for sb. to do ”但这个结构中的adj.如果是：clever、foolish、silly、stupid、wise、unwise、kind、nice、rude、polite、impolite、careless、careful、cruel、crazy等，则应把其中的for改为of， 即“It + be + of + sb. to do”(= sb. + be + adj. + to do)e.g. Its foolish of you to make such a mistake. ( = You are so foolish to make such a mistake.)你犯这样一个错误，太愚蠢了。如果adj.为good、bad、right、wrong，那么用of还是用for，要根据具体情况而定。2、不定式作宾语e.g. Gongli intends to act in a new film. 巩俐打算在一部新电影里扮演角色。 I dont know how to answer it. 我不知道如何回答。（1）有些动词常用不定式作宾语，常见的有：hope、wish、plan、want、manage、offer、decide、expect、fail、pretend、agree、promise、refuse、desire、ask、would（should）like等；动词help后面的不定式可以省略to.e.g. He helped (to) bring up the orphan. 他帮助抚养大了这个孤儿。（2）如果不定式较长，也可以用it作形式宾语，把不定式置于句后，类似不定式作主语的情况：e.g. She found it necessary to talk with her parents. 她发现有必要和父母谈一谈。 I think it important for you to recite some English articles. 我认为你们背诵一些英语文章很重要。3、不定式作补足语。（1）宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。e.g. He asked me to come back early. 他要求我早点回来。 The lady wished her son to be a pianist. 这位女士希望儿子成为钢琴家。（2）有些动词后面的不定式作宾语补足语时可以不带to，这类动词可以概括为一感（feel）；二听（listen to、hear）；三让（let、make、have）；五看（see、watch、notice、observe、look at）；半“帮助”（help）。e.g. I often hear the girl sing pop songs. 我经常听到这个女孩唱流行歌曲。 Tom helped his mother (to) do some housework. 汤姆帮母亲干一些家务活。但在被动句中，不定式不能省略to。e.g. The girl is often heard to sing pop songs. 这个女孩经常被听到唱流行歌曲。 The workers were made to work twelve hours a day. 工人们被迫一天工作十二小时。4、不定式作定语。e.g. I wonder if you have got anything to say. 我想知道你有什么要说的。 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。（1）作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。e.g. I got a piece of paper to write on. 我拿了一张纸写字。 She only had a cold room to live in. 她只有一间寒冷的房子容身。 Please give me a knife to cut with. 请给我一把刀切东西。（2）当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。e.g. Do you have anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？ 不定式的动作执行者是“你”。Do you have anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）帮你寄的东西吗？ 不定式的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”。5、不定式作状语。不定式可用作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语和条件状语。e.g. They stopped (in order) to have a rest. 他们停下来休息一会儿。 I am glad to see you. 见到你我很高兴。 The boy is too young to dress himself. 这个男孩太小了，自己不会穿衣服。6、不定式作表语。e.g. Her wish is to be a writer. 她的愿望是成为一名作家。 Your idea seems to be wonderful. 你的注意似乎很不错。如果主语中包含do的任何形式，作表语的不定式通常省略to。e.g. All you have to do is press the button. 你所需要做的就是按一下按钮。7、不定式除了上述六种主要的语法功能外，还可以用作插入语和同位语。e.g. To tell you the truth, I dont want to go there. 说实在的，我不想去那儿。 They received the order to set off immediately. 他们接到了立即出发的命令。8、不定式与疑问词who、which、when、where、how、what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。e.g. How to solve the problem is very important. 如何解决这个问题很重要。 The problem is which to chose. 问题是选择哪一个呢。He didnt know what to do. 他不知道该做些什么。二、 不定式的时态1、不定式的一般形式所表示的动作通常与谓语的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或是在它之后发生。e.g. She seems to be very happy. 她似乎很高兴。 He planned to go abroad. 他计划出国。2、如果谓语表示的动作发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式要用进行式。e.g. The boy pretended to be reading when his mother came in. 当他母亲进来时这个男孩假装正在读书。They seemed to be eating something. 他们似乎正在吃什么东西。3、如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前，要用不定式的完成式。e.g. I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 我很抱歉让你久等。He is said to have published several books. 据说他已经出版了好几本书。4、want, hope, plan, expect, intend, think, mean等表示“希望，打算，计划”的动词，其一般过去时后面加不定式的完成式，表达过去没有实现的愿望或想法；would like/love后面加不等式的完成式也表达同样的意义。e.g. He hoped to have opened a branch overseas. 他原打算在海外开一个分店。（事实上没开） Id like to have gone to see a film with you last night. 昨晚我本想和你一起去看电影。三、不定式的语态1、不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。e.g. Have you got a key to unlock the door? 你有打开这扇门的钥匙吗？2、不定式和它所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。e.g. I have got some letters to post. 我有一些信要寄。3、不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式e.g. The maths problem is hard to work out. 这道数学题很难算出来。4、 当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。e.g. It is possible for our hope to be realized. 我们的愿望很可能实现。四、不定式的省略 为避免重复前面已出现过的动词，可以单独使用不定式的简略形式，即小品词to。此时所省略的成分相当于do so，这种结构一定要有上下文或一定的语境。1、某些实意动词后不定式的省略，常见的这类动词有：expect, forget, hope, intend, like , love , mean , need, plan, prefer, promise, refuse , seem, try , want, wish等。 e.g. They asked me to go to see a new film, but I didnt want to (go to see a new film). 他们叫我去看一场新电影，但我不想去。2、形容词后不定式的省略，常见的形容词有：angry, afraid, anxious, eager , foolish, glad, happy, lucky, pleased, ready, surprised, willing , wrong等。 e.g. Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat ?Not at all . Id be happy to (look after your cat) . (NMET1995)3、某些情态动词或助动词后不定式的省略，这类词常见的有：be able to, be going to, have to, ought to , used to 等。 e.g. Though you wont ask him for help , Im afraid you have to ( ask him for help) .尽管你不愿请他帮忙，但恐怕你不得不（请他帮忙）。4、宾语补足语和主语补足语中不定式的省略，常见的可带补足语的动词有：advise, allow, ask , force, order, permit, persuade , tell, wish 等。e.g. Jim never speaks unless he is asked to (speak). 吉姆从不主动讲话除非他被要求（讲话）。5、“疑问词不定式”结构中不定式的省略。 e.g. I would like to mend your bike , but I dont know how to (mend it) . 我愿意给你修自行车，但我不知道如何修理。We are leaving for Paris , but we havent decided when to (leave) .我们打算去巴黎，但还没有决定什么时候动身6、如果省略的不定式的内容是作助动词用的have或be的任何形式，to后要保留have或be。 e.g. He hasnt finished the work yet . 他还没完成这项工作。 Well , he ought to have (finished) . 他早该完成了。 China is no longer what it used to be. 中国不再是过去的样子。Exercises:1. Little Jim should love _ to the cinema this evening. (MET1992)A: to take B: being taken C: taking D: to be taken2. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. (NMET1993)A: to invent B: inventing C: to have invented D: having invented3.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (NMET1995)A: not to B: not to do C: not do it D: do not to4. We agreed_ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. (NMET1995)A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met5. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. (NMET1995)A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning6. The patient was warned_ oily food after the operation. (NMET1996)A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating.7.When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _. (1996上海)A: to send B: for send C: to send it to D: for sending it to8.I would love_ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. (NMET1997)A: to go B: to have gone C: going D: having gone 9.She cant help _ the house because she is busy making a cake. (1997上海)A: to clean B: cleaning C: cleaned D: being cleaned10. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. (NMET1999)A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make11. Robert is said_ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. (NMET1999)A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying12. Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? _ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. (1999上海)A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting13. There are five pairs_, but Im at a loss which to buy. (1999上海)A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing14.I have worked with ch