高中英语总分结构标题.doc

“总分结构”的标题训练（二） Jan 7, 2012博主写在前面：我在教学实践中摸索出一套方法，比较有效，与大家切磋。 技巧： 1. 找到中心句. 2. 分析文章结构：总分。 3. 浏览中心句后的段落大意，帮助进一步把握文章中心。 4. 缩略中心句, 提炼出文章标题。 （1）Personal computers and the Internet give people new choices about how to spend their time. Some may use this freedom to share less time with certain friends or family members, but new technology will also let them stay in closer touch with those they care most about. I know this from personal experience. E-mail makes it easy to work at home, which is where I now spend most weekends and evenings. My working hours arent necessarily much shorter than they once were but I spend fewer of them at the office. This lets me share more time with my young daughter than I might have if shed been born before electronic mail became such a practical tool. The Internet also makes it easy to share thoughts with a group of friends. Say you do something fun see a great movie perhaps-and there are four or five friends who might want to hear about it. If you call each one, you may tire of telling the story. With E-mail, you just write one note about your experience, at your convenience, and address it to all the friends you think might be interested. They can read your message when they have time, and read only as much as they want to. They can reply at their convenience, and you can read what they have to say at your convenience. E-mail is also an inexpensive way stay in close touch with people who live far away. More than a few parents use E-mail to keep in touch, even daily touch, with their children off at college.We just have to keep in mind that computers and the Internet offer another way of staying in touch. They dont take the place of any of the old ways.The best title for this passage is _.A. Computer: New Technological AdvancesB. Internet: New Tool to Maintain Good FriendshipC. Computers Have Made Life EasierD. Internet: a Convenient Tool for Communication答案D技巧：1.找到中心句：but new technology will also let them stay in closer touch with those they care most about.2. 分析文章结构：总分。3. 浏览中心句后的各段大意。注意高频词，easy, convenience, an inexpensive way，说明了方便的特点convenient。4. 缩略中心句，与选项匹配，翻译同义词，communication交往stay in closer touch保持更紧密联系，属同意词，确定为D项。 (2) I am a good mother to three children . I have tried never to let my profession stand in the way of being a good parent . I no longer consider myself the center of the universe . I show up . I listen . I try to laugh . I am a good friend to my husband . I have tried to make marriage vows (誓约) mean what they say . I am a good friend to my friends , and they to me . Without them , there would be nothing to say to you today . So heres what I wanted to tell you today : Get a life . A real life , not a desire of the next promotion (提升), the bigger paycheck , the larger house .Get a life in which you are not alone . Find people you love , and who love you . And remember that love is not leisure (休闲) , it is work . Pick up the phone . Send an e-mail . Write a letter . And realize that life is the best thing and that you have no business taking it for granted . It is so easy to waste our lives , our days , our hours , and our minutes . It is so easy to exist instead of to live. I learned to live many years ago . Something really , really bad happened to me , something that changed my life in ways that , if I had my choice , it would never have been changed at all . And what I learned from it is what , today , seems to be the hardest lesson of all : I learned to love the journey , not the destination . I learned to look at all the good in the world and try to give some of it back because I believed in it , completely and totally .And I tried to do that , in part , by telling others what I had learned .By telling them this : Read in the backyard with the sun on your face . Learn to be happy . And think of life as a deadly illness , because if you do , you will live it with joy and passion (激情) as it ought to be lived .The best title of this passage probably is _.ALove your friends BLive a real life CDont waste time DBe a good mother and wife 答案B技巧：1. 找到中心句，So heres what I wanted to tell you today : Get a life . 2. 分析文章结构: 总分。 3. 浏览中心句后各段大意。 4. 缩略中心句，提炼出标题，与选项匹配, 答案确定为B项。 (3 ) Does your local town have a nickname (绰号)? If so, what does it say about the area and the people who live there? Many cities are recognized across the world by their unofficial names. New York is the Big Apple, London is the Big Smoke, and Los Angeles is famously called La La Land. A project has been carried out to make a survey on how the nicknames of some places came about. The University of Winchesters Professor Bill Lucas is a patron (赞助者) of the English Project. He explains that unofficial place names often show what people think about a place. “The name that people create for a place forms a connection with feelings,” he says.Basingstoke is a town in central England. The local nickname, Amazingstoke, shows the love that locals seem to have for the area. Swindon, on the other hand, is sometimes called Swindump, showing that some people think its a dump (垃圾). Stanford Le Hope in Essex is called Stanford No Hope by locals. And Padstow in Cornwall is so closely connected with the local famous person Rick Stein that its become known as Padstein. Some people say that the project may have a practical use. Glen Hart, the surveys head of research, says the information could be very helpful to the emergency services, for example. “By having the most complete set of nicknames we could help the emergency services（应急服务机构）quickly locate the right place as soon as possible, for people usually remember the nicknames of some places instead of their official names. And this will take the helpers less time to reach the places.” he says.The best title of the passage can be _. A. Peoples Attitudes to Nicknames B. A Survey on Nicknames C. the Development of Nicknames D. the Usefulness of Nicknames 答案B技巧：1. 找到中心句，A project has been carried out to make a survey on how the nicknames of some places came about.。2. 分析文章结构，总分结构。3. 浏览中心句后各段大意，下面有两个层次：1）He explains that unofficial place names often show what people think about a place. 2）Some people say that the project may have a practical use.4. 缩略中心句，提炼出标题，答案确定为B项。 (4 ) When I was small and my grandmother died, I couldnt understand why I had no tears. But that night when my dad tried to cheer me up, my laugh turned into crying. So it came as no surprise to learn that researchers believe crying and laughing come from the same part of the brain. Just as laughing has many health advantages, scientists are discovering that so, too, does crying. Whatever it takes for us to reduce pressure is important to our emotional (情感的) health, and crying seems to study found that 85 percent of women and 73 percent of men report feeling better after crying. Besides, tears attract help from other people. Researchers agree that when we cry, people around us become kinder and friendly and they are more ready to provide support and comfort. Tears also enable us to understand our emotions better; sometimes we dont even know we re very sad until we cry. We learn about our emotions through crying, and then we can deal with them.Just as crying can be healthy, not crying holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering can be bad for physical (身体的) health, Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, dont fight it. Its a natural and healthy emotional response (反应).What might be the most suitable title for the text?A. Power of Tears B. How to Keep HealthyC. Why We Cry D. A New Scientific Discovery答案A技巧：1. 找到中心句：Just as laughing has many health advantages, scientists are discovering that so, too, does crying. 2. 分析文章结构：总分。 3. 浏览中心句后各段大意，分别在说明眼泪对人的好处。 4. 缩略中心句，提炼出标题，确定答案为A项。 （5） Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means. Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach. Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animals teeth. Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar. Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液). A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.What would be the best title for this passage?A. Plants and Animals B. How Plants Defend ThemselvesC. Attacks and Defenses D. How Animals Eat Plant Leaves答案B技巧：1. 找到中心句：But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.2. 分析文章结构：总分结构， 3. 浏览中心句后各段大意，分别说明不会动的植物如何保护自己。 4. 缩略中心句，提炼出标题，答案确定为B项。 （ 6 ） Reading is very important to help you learn English . To learn as much as you can from reading , you need to read different kinds of English . This book provides not only different kinds of English but also a good way to check your reading ability . There are four parts in the book : Part 1 Is Messages : In this part somebody wants to send information in writing to somebody else . There is a test on timetables an a test on text messages . Part 2 is People : In this part all the tests are about people . For example , there is an informal letter between friends . There is formal (正式的) English in biography (传记) . There is a job application as a model to help with your writing, as well as testing your reading . Part 3 is Places : In this part , too . many different kinds of English are shown , some informal and some formal . There is the informal English of a holiday postcard . There is also the formal English in a letter of complaint . Part 4 is Things : You will find some descriptive writing in this part . There are descriptions of clothes and of a computer . You can do these tests in any order you like , or you can do all the tests with a formal or informal text .I enjoyed writing this book and I hope you enjoy using it .What is the best title of the book ?ATest Your Reading BHelp with Your Writing CLearn Different Kinds of English DPractise English in Different Ways 答案A技巧：1. 找到中心：This book provides not only different kinds of English but also a good way to check your reading ability . 2. 分清文章结构：总分。 3. 浏览中心句后各段大意，最后一段，明确说明这些测试可如何使用，进一步明确中心句“考查你的阅读能力”。 4. 缩略中心句，提炼出标题，还要注意选项中同义词的使用。test = check (7) At Dallas / Fort Worth Airport, the lights are controlled by sensors that measure sunlight. They dim immediately when its sunny and brighten when a passing cloud blocks the sun.A wall of windows at a University of Pennsylvania engineering budding has built-in blinds (百页窗) controlled by a computer program that follows the suns path. Buildings are getting smarter - and the next generation of building materials expected to do even more. Windows could catch the suns energy to heat water. Sensors that measure the carbon dioxide breathed out by people in a mom could determine whether the air conditioning needs to be turned up. Many new materials and technology have been designed in the last 15 years. They are now being used in a wave of buildings designed to save as much energy as possible. They include old ideas, like green roofs, where a belt of plants on a roof helps the building keep heat in winter and stay cool in summer, and new ideas, like special coating for windows that lets light in, but keeps heat out. As technologies such as sensors become cheaper, their uses spread. The elevators (电梯) at Seven World Trade Center, which is under construction in New York, use a system that groups people traveling to nearby floor into the same elevator, thus saving elevator stops. People who work in the building will enter it by swiping (刷) ID cards that will tell the elevators their floor; readouts will then tell them which elevator to use. The building also has windows with a coating that blocks heal while letting in light. More new building materials and technology are in development. A Philadelphia building farm is now working on smart wrap that uses tiny solar collectors to catch the suns energy and transmitters (传感器) the width of a human hair to move it. They are expected to change the face of the construction industry in the next ten years or so.What might be the most suitable title for the text? A. Buildings Are Becoming Smarter B. Buildings Are Getting More Sunlight C. Buildings Are Lacking in Much Energy D. Buildings Are Using Cheaper Materials 答案：A技巧：1. 找到中心句：Buildings are getting smarter - and the next generation of building materials expected to do even more. 2. 分析文章结构：总分。 3. 浏览中心句后各段大意，分别说明了建筑如何智能。 4. 缩略中心句，提炼出标题，确定答案为A项。 （ 8 ） There are two kinds of physical activity which require special training. The first demands exact careful movements of the muscles（肌肉）. This kind of activity must be strictly controlled because even a slight movement in the wrong direction will lead a mistake. To type quickly, for example, a person needs training; the slightest movement of a finger in the wrong direction may cause a spelling mistake. A dancer who has to dance on the point of her shoes or turn around on one foot must be trained for a long period of time before she can sense her own center and balance herself. You may have seen a girl walking on a rope across an empty space, which, too, requires a lot of practice. The second kind of physical activity needs greater strength or extra effort. Most of us get tired if we try to run half a mile without stopping, but a specially-trained person can do this without much effort. Three years ago, some scientists carried out experiments, which produced meaningful and unexpected results. They wanted to find out whether a certain amount of physical exercise would injure those suffering from heart problems. They selected some male patients and trained them in continuous bicycle riding. They were surprised to find that the harmful effect of given amount of physical effort was actually less on the hearts of these trained patients than on those of the patients who were not similarly trained. This is important because it shows that regular physical exercise enables us to make better use of the oxygen（氧气）we breathe in and that this training, in fact, reduces the amount of work our hearts do. Many tasks which are hard for untrained people are not hard at all for trained people.What would be the best title for this text?ATraining Our Bodies BPhysical ActivitiesCMovement Training DExtra Body Effort答案A技巧：1. 找到中心句：There are two kinds of physical activity which require special training. 2. 分析文章结构：总分。 用两个部分说明了中心句。 3. 浏览段落大意，以便更好地理解中心句，体育活动如何需要专门训练。 4. 缩略中心句，提炼出文章标题，答案确定为A项。 （ 9 ） As skies are filled with millions of migrating(迁徙)birds, European scientists say the seasonal wader appears to be strange; the fatter the bird, the better it flies. The results of their study led to a theory opposite to a central one of aerodynamics(空气动力学), which says that the power needed to fly increases with weight. For birds, obviously, the cost of flying with heavy fat is much smaller than we used to think. Researchers found that red knoll wading birds double their normal body weight of 100 grams before making their twice-a-year nonstop flight between the British and the Russian Arctic. Distance; 5, 000 kilometers. Another study in the magazine Nature measured the advantage of flying in an aerodynamic group which allows birds to save energy by flying smoothly and quietly in the lead birds air stream. Flying in groups, their heart rates were 14.5 percent lower than flying alone, according to Henri, a French scientist. The findings help explain how birds complete difficult migrations. Researchers had thought that thinner, stronger birds would have the best chance to survive.The first study suggests that building up fat to be burnt as fuel during the migration is worth more than the energy it takes to carry the additional weight.In the study, researched said their learn studied the birds flown at different body weights