英语国际音标发音与训练(小升初).docx

英语国际音标发音与训练（小升初）一、英语字母与英语音素： 1.英语中有26个字母，其中5个元音字母：a, e, i, o, u。 它们的音标分别是： /ei/, /i:/, /ai/, / /, /ju:/。剩下的21个字母都是辅音字母。 2. 英语音素：48个。元音音素：20个，辅音音素：28个。 3. 元音音素：12个单元音，8个双元音。 4. 单元音：前元音：/i:/ /I/ /e/ /中元音：/ / : / /后元音：/ : / / / /u: / / / :/ 5. 双元音： 合口双元音：/eI/ / /I/ / /I/ 集中双元音：/I/ /e/ / 6. 辅音： 英语爆破辅音：/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/英语摩擦辅音：/f/ /v/ / / /s/ /z/ / / /h/ /r/英语破擦辅音：/ /英语鼻音辅音：/m/ /n/ /英语舌侧辅音：/ l/ /英语半元音：/w/ /j/英语辅音连缀： /tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dz/二、英语音素与练习： （1）元音音素：1. 单元音：前元音：/i:/：me, he, be, bee, see, sea, tea, she, tree, three, eat, meat, meet, green, jeans, between, teenager, fifteen, meal, sheep, east, need, feel, peach, each, teach, teacher, meter, sweet, see, week, weak, weekend, read, fever, clean, easy, speech, feed, leave, agree, keep, people, free, speak, season, reason, /I/ : in, this, will, his, six, miss, pink, sing, ill, kill, still, ticket, sit, it, bit, pick, sick, did, chick, lip, fish, milk, swim, ship, quick, lip, big, fill, pig, sister, dinner, wind, window, skipping, clinic, thin, rich, busy, wish, dish, finish, little, sing, spring, city, delicious/e/ : get, let, pet, desk, yes, chess, next, text, best, met, pen, pencil, bed, west, guest, tennis, egg, red, net, rest, set, test, wet, lend, mend, tell, well, fell, letter, sweater, head, bench, bread, many, ten, seven, end, medicine, help, check, yes, then, menu, never, ever, lesson, very, says, said, /：fat, map, and, land, man, plan, bag, cat, apple, fan, Japan, dad, sad, sand, lad, stamp, black, hat, cap, ambulance, angry, have, catch, carry, stand, travel, hand, rabbit, animal, lamp, cabbage, family, dragon, Africa, bank, Saturday, can, candy, camera, act, happy, candle, than, that, thank, glad, matter, bad, happen, handsome, math, taxi, 中元音： / ：but, come, cut, must, bus, us, up, color, mother, such, uncle, duck, luck, lucky, fun, funny, sun, sunny, love, worry, son, brother, other, another, study, lunch, Sunday, under, umbrella, number, nothing, wonderful, run, running, young, cover, above, money, much, cup, cousin, monkey, Monday, summer, brush, trouble, something, some, just, supper, country,/:/ ：girl, shirt, bird, skirt, nurse, work, worker, first, thirteen, third, thirty, dirty, thirsty, worth, birth, birthday, circle, world, her, early, turn, person, Thursday, worm, prefer, certain, temperature, heard, learn, earth, /： teacher, mother, father, sister, brother, farmer, driver, singer, dancer, worker, answer, under, visitor, waiter, writer, bigger, winter, soldier, meter, theater, manager, cleaner, ruler, eraser, woman, picture, future, camera, tiger, actor, China, number, after, 后元音：/: / ：four, for, short, door, floor, more, before, wall, call, all, tall, ball, draw, saw, horse, or, daughter, report, reporter, boring, warm, talk, your, north, forty, sport, autumn, fall, important, bought, thought, ought, because, corn, corner, born, store, score, / / ：box, dog, doctor, doll, often, lot, top, boss, chopstick, shop, job, sock, office, coffee, got, golf, long, hospital, orange, lost, bottle, crocodile, tomorrow, borrow, cost, hot, on, wash, watch, song, follow, what, stop, fox, frog, wallet, not, sorry, /u: / ：too, zoo, room, pool, food, goose, tooth, school, stool, soon,moon, kangaroo, cool, noon, tool, fool, broom, cartoon, choose,shoot, afternoon, juice, blue, noodles, true, truth, fruit, shoes, through, lose, group, do, ruler, two,/ ：good, cook, took, book, foot, stood, wood, look, wool, classroom, bathroom, bedroom, mushroom, boyhood, woman, put, full, notebook, could, would, should, wolf, sugar, push, oo字母组合发短音的常见8个单词： A good cook took a book, his foot stood by the wood and looked.好厨师拿书，脚站树林看。/ :/：far, father, glass, grass, garden, car, farm, farmer, large, ask, fast, bath, party, arm, are, star, start, bar, part, heart, dark, last, park, guitar, giraffe, market, card, banana, basket, basketball, class, hard, art, artist, pass, park, laugh, 2. 双元音： 合口双元音：/eI/ ：table, plate, cake, radio, beefsteak, take, make, same, name, play, great, stay, day, say, today, birthday, may, place, space, eight, wait, waiter, maybe, pain, again, save, way, always, case, gray, afraid, / ：go, ago, so, no, nose, home, those, rose, hope, alone, potato, tomato, boat, goat, coat, tomorrow, row, oh, OK, kilo, lonely, know, piano, yellow, grow, bowl, own, show, low, cold, /I/ ：I, kite, bike, white, five, knife, ice, rice, nice, write, Mike, mice, time, nine, while, eye, sky, pie, lie, die, light, right, night, fly, my, mind, quite, cry, buy, tired, fine, / ：house, cow, how, now, down, about, out, mouse, flower, blouse, sound, mountain, count, hour, ground, found, round, brown, crowd, /I/ ：boy, toy, coin, oil, boil, noise, point, joy, join, enjoy, voice, choice 集中双元音：/I/ ：ear, deer, dear, here, hear, tear, beer, theater, museum, clear, year, cheer, appear, serious, fear, near, engineer, /e/ ：pear, pair, air, airport, chair, hair, fair, square, care, careful, there, bear, where, wear, their, theirs, /：poor, sure, tour, tourist, jewel, cruel, Europe, （2）辅音音素： 1.清辅成对辅音(20个)：p-b t-d k-g f-v s-z - - ts-dz t-d tr-dr /p/: pen map help cheap pencil paper apple happy appear /b/: bag by bed boy bus blue rabbit cabbage /t/: ten time not get table bottle bottom little pretty watched washed /d/: desk door day dog add daddy middle played cleaned climbed answered /k/: cat come cut clock cry picture school Christmas chemistry book bike cake kite Kate look /g/: go girl big get egg bigger biggest guess great glad game golf again glass grass goat God dog goal /f/: five fish fine family fifteen photo phone elephant laugh enough off coffee /v/: very five have of leave voice visit visitor themselves /s/: nice city cycle sit six some bus use us desk books miss class /z/: is his please music lose husband apples leaves thieves knives size exercise prize zoo reason/: three thank month thin thought three throw tooth teeth south north month mouth through /: this the with than breathe though mother father there that these those /: she shoe short shop wash sure Asia special sufficient delicious /: usually television pleasure garage /ts/: shirts hurts coats costs goats Lets kites gates dates pizza /dz/: beds birds hands friends decides /t/: chair much lunch China watch picture question teach teacher rich future each reach/d/: age page huge orange gentle gentleman general bridge porridge judge jump jacket just June Jim sandwich /tr/: tree trip try true truth train /dr/: dress drive hundred children drink dry draw dream 2.单个辅音（8个）：/h/: he her have hand head hair who whom whose hard home hello /r/: red right three sorry worry hurry carry carrot write wrong /l/: let look please lake people tell full till bell /m/: man meat meet time common communicate climb lamb autumn /n/: name nice nine near under know knife Ann /: sing long young morning thank think ink pink English /w/: we window work walk what why where white /j/: yes you year yellow young onion review million billion Europe 三、开音节与闭音节：一、开音节：1. 分类： 开音节分两种，一种叫绝对开音节，一种叫相对开音节。 绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重读音节。例如： no she he we by . 相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如： name these bike home excuse like . 2. 元音字母在开音节中的读音： 绝对开音节： 以一个元音字母结尾的重读音节。这个元音字母在单词中发它在字母表中的音，即它本身的读音。如：no, he。 相对开音节： 在含有一个元音字母的重读音节中，在元音字母后有一个辅音字母(r除外)与一个不发音的字母e，也是开音节。这个元音字母发它本身的音。可以用辅+元+辅+e来记住。如：name, fine。 3. 发音练习： 绝对开音节： ta-ble po-ta-to ba-by la-dy A-my na-tion he me we be she se-cret hi Chi-na bi-cycleno so hel-lo go so-fa (do, to除外） me-nu stu-dent mu-sic u-sually 3. 发音练习： 相对开音节： name same take late fame race date hate cake gate age wave save table (have例外） these Chi-nese Japa-nese theme scene comp-lete fine line mine time kite bike nice rise de-cide nine like ice drive twice wise rose hope nose hope phone home huge use ex-cuse 二、闭音节： 含有一个元音字母，并以辅音字母(r, w除外)结尾的重读音节为闭音节。 例：map，desk，is。 在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。 英语重读闭音节就是所谓的元音字母不是发它本身的字母音，重读闭音节就是指在一个音节中，以辅音音素结尾的而且是重读音节的音节比如apple 划音节就应该是ap/ple 前面那个ap 是一个音节以辅音音素结尾就是闭音节。 重读闭音节就要双写.重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音. 如:sit-sitting begin-beginning(重读在gin这个音节上，相当与把gin改成双写的) put-putting swim-swimming shop-shopping 像travel这种重读不在的vel，可以为travelled，也可以是traveled 举两个很经典的例子： forbid-forbidding (重读闭音节，双写) prohibit-prohibiting （重读在第二音节，非重读闭音节，不双写） 三、元音字母在开音节和闭音节的读音：元音字母重读非重读绝对开音节相对开音节闭音节aeieiei:i:eiiaiaiiiouuu（j）u:（j）u:或u(1) Aa 1ei a在开音节中：发字母音，后面有不发音的eface脸 grade年级；cake蛋糕； lake湖; make制造；take拿到；snake蛇； name名字; same相同；plane飞机；grapes葡萄；date日期; Kate 凯特；2 a在闭音节中： black黑色的； dad爸爸； sad悲伤的； bag书包； am是；Sam萨姆 lamp灯； a一（