Unit8ProtectingOurEnvironment(PPT-88).ppt

unit 8,protecting our environment,objectives,students will be able to: grasp the main idea and the structure of the text appreciate the various argumentative skills employed in the text master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text; conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit.,contents,warm-up activity,word-web,flood,global warming,sea level rising,drought,ecocrisis,greenhouse effect,word-web,pollution types,word -web,air pollution,water pollution,nuclear pollution,noise pollution,text,afforest,recycling center,greenpeace,national tree planting day,environmental protection,what should we do?,film recommended,在一个缺乏英雄的世界，艾琳布劳克维奇（erin brockovich）的故事就显得特别刺激、有趣而不俗。这部影片是在真实事件的基础上拍成的。获两届奥斯卡奖提名的大牌明星朱莉娅罗伯茨出演片中一个离过两次婚、带着三个孩子的母亲，这个英雄的母亲面对逆境毫无惧色，成功地打败了一个大型公用事业公司。 艾琳是一个小法律公司的文员，一次在一个废弃社区中不小心绊倒在一个不易被发现的小水坑中。水坑中被污染的水中含有能引起毁灭性疾病的病菌。因受骗而被激怒的艾琳说服自己的老板同意让她调查事情真相。 开始时镇上的人对艾琳的做法抱怀疑态度，但艾琳的勇敢行为和颇具说服力的言词最终赢得了他们的信任。由600多名原告签名起诉的官司最终赢得了胜利，而在这个过程中，艾琳也改写了自己的人生。,cultural notes,greenhouse effect: greenhouse effect means the retention of heat by the lower layers of the earths atmosphere, which, it is believed, will cause a rise in temperature of the earth and its atmosphere, known as global warming.,green party,a british political party that aims to protect the environment. it is against the use of nuclear power and other forms of industry and transport which it considers harmful. it was formed in 1973 as the ecology party, and changed its name to the green party in 1985. other countries also have parties that share the same name and ideals.,green peace,a large international pressure group that aims to protect the environment. its members are well known for protecting the environment. they often go out in small boats to stop people from killing whales or throwing poisonous materials into the sea.,a us government organization that established rules and standards for protecting the environment, e.g. against pollution.,the environmental protection agency,quotations,1. the nation that destroys its soil destroys itself. - franklin d. roosevelt, american president 一个破坏它自己土地的国家，毁灭的也就是它本身。 - 美国总统 富兰克林罗斯福 2. nature never did betray the heart that loved her. - william wordsworth, british poet 大自然永远不会背叛爱她的那颗心。 - 英国诗人 威廉姆华尔华斯 3. nature, to be commanded, must be obeyed. - francis bacon, british philosopher 想支配大自然，就必须遵守大自然的规律。 - 英国哲学家 弗朗西斯培根,4. one touch of nature makes the whole world kin. - shakespeare, british poet and playwright 自然界的一个轻轻触摸，就使得整个世界都有了亲情。 - 英国诗人，剧作家 莎士比亚,reading: text a,before we go into the text, lets look at the following two questions,which type will you choose?,preserve spotted owl,a: variety of nature,b: the loss of livelihood for 30,000 logging family,a: saving oil or energy attain oil through war cost life and money,b: drill for oil or energy peaceful attainable disturb the breeding ground of arctic reindeer,the above two situations, if you choose b type, you are a sensible environmentalism or non-sentimental environmentalism. you believe that “ man is the measure of all things”; saving nature not for natures sake but for our human own.,main idea we should adopt a sensible environmentalism (you will find more explanation about sensible environmentalism in para 2,5, 6, 8, 14, try to sum up them),part division of the text,a sensible environmentalism does not sentimentalize the earth.,it is important to distinguish between environmental necessities and environmental luxuries and apply the fundamental principle of sensible environmentalism.,man is the master of nature,part 1 line 1-30,part 2 line31-69,part 3 line 70-85,the supporting detail for each part,the ozone layer: skin caner; eye cataracts plankton; the greenhouse effect: melting icecaps; disturbed climate; dried up plains; empty breadbaskets mans self-preservation,true or false,1. environmental sensitivity is compared to belief in democracy or aversion to nylon.,2. those things that would be nice to have if costless are environmental necessities.,( t ),( f ),those things that would be nice to have if costless are environmental luxuries.,3. those things that we must have regardless are environmental luxuries.,( f ),those things that we must have regardless are environmental necessities.,4. the fundamental principle of sensible environmentalism is to combat ecological change that directly threatens the health and safety of people.,( t ),5. to protect the ozone layer and to halt the greenhouse effect are regarded as environmental luxuries.,( f ),they are regarded as environmental necessities.,6. ozone reduction is very harmful to our earth and our life.,( t ),7. if the greenhouse effect cant be checked, we are going to see albuquerques climate in iowa and iowas climate in siberia.,( t ),8. a sensible environmentalism declares that man should serve nature.,( f ),a sensible environmentalism declares that nature is here to serve man.,table completion,sensible environmentalists and sentimental environmentalists may have great disputes over some cases. go over part ii carefully and find out what their attitudes might be when the following events are concerned and fill in the blanks with main ideas.,attitude,events,snail darter event,oil drilling in anwr,sensible environmentalism,sentimental environmentalism,hardworking voters are the most important.,hardworking voters should sacrifice for the good of the snail darter.,country needs oil production; the exploration is worthwhile.,no exploration in order to protect the wildlife.,sensible environmentalists and sentimental environmentalists may have great disputes over some cases. go over part ii carefully and find out what their attitudes might be when the following events are concerned and fill in the blanks with main ideas.,attitude,events,sensible environmentalism,sentimental environmentalism,spotted owl event,conclusion,the livelihood of logging families are more important.,the spotted owl should be preserved even at the cost of livelihood for 30,000 logging families.,man-centered in preserving nature.,nature should be preserved at any cost, even at the cost of man himself.,question and answer,according to the author, what should be the relationship between man and nature?,nature is mans charge. man is natures master.,2. at what time will man have to accommodate to nature?,man will have to accommodate to nature when his fate and that of nature are bound up together.,3. what will the sentimental environmentalists think of the writers way of saving nature?,wrong frame of mind.,4. how does the writer respond?,we do that not for the natures sake but for our own.,writing strategy,this essay is a piece of argumentative writing. the ways of presenting an argument include contrast, concession, quotation, example, definition, cause and effect, data and so on. task: students are required to form groups to find out what kind of argumentative methods are used in each part and then reported to the whole class.,contrast: see text organization exercise 2 concession: para 8,para 10, para 11 quotation: para 8 example: para 3, para 13 definition: para 2, para 5 cause and effect: para 3, para 4 data: para 7, para 8, para 11,vocabulary and grammar,environmental sensitivity is now as required an attitude in polite society as is, say, belief in democracy or aversion to nylon. 环境意识，就如同对民主制度的信奉，或对尼龙的厌恶， 已成为当今上流社会一种必备的态度。,eg: he took an immediate aversion to his new teacher. eg: many people have a natural and emotional aversion to insects.,aversion: strongly dislike (followed by to),eg: our findings conflict with the results of the governments survey. personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict.,conflict: be in opposition, collision or disagreement (followed by with),eg: they arrested him in the name of the safety of the country. let me thank you in the name of my parents.,in the name of: for the reason of; using the excuse of; as the representative of; by the authority of,distinguish: recognize the difference (between),eg: he is too young to distinguish right from wrong. fingerprints can be used to distinguish the two suspects.,if costless: if those things dont cost much regardless: in spite of everything; anyway eg: his parents objected to his marriage, but he carried on regardless.,fundamental: of the basis or foundation of sth (followed by to),eg: the fundamental problem lies in their inability to distinguish between reality and fantasy.,combat: fight or struggle (against),eg: many politicians emphasized the importance of combating international terrorism. doctors are still seeking ways to combat aids.,atmosphere,1) the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth eg: the treaty bans nuclear testing in the atmosphere. 2) feeling in the mind that is created by a group of people or a place eg: atmosphere over dinner was warm and friendly.,urgent,after the earthquake, there was an urgent need for food and medicines.,universal,of, belonging to, affecting or done by all people or things in the world or in a particular group,call for: require, demand,facing with the threat of a civil war, the president has called for self-control and calm.,on the grounds of/on.grounds: for reasons of,she is suing the company on the grounds of unfair dismissal. john was not employed by the company on the grounds of his age.,vote: express ones choice in favor of (a person, political party, etc) at an election (vote on sth; vote for/against),if we cant agree with each other about the plan, lets vote on it. they will vote for george bush, i think.,run/go against the grain: be contrary to ones desire or feeling (followed by of sth / to do sth),eg: it really goes against the grain to go to school on national day.,excess: more than the reasonable degree or amount of sth,he smoked like a chimney. it was the excess of cigarettes that caused his death.,nothing more than: just the same as; only,dont be scared. it is nothing more than a nightmare. you neednt report to him. he is nothing more than a clerk.,rage: continue with great force; be intense,price inflation still rages although the government has taken some measures to tackle the problem. street fighting raged all over the city.,work ones way: manage to reach or go through; make efforts to attain ones goal,eg: as my family couldnt pay that much for me to go to school, i have to work my way through law school.,come through: experience, survive or overcome ( a difficulty, etc),the chinese football team was in trouble at the beginning of the match but in the end come through. if we can come through this financial crisis the companys future will be bright.,in part: partly; to some extent,eg: his failure was due in part to his laziness. whether you will be sent to yale university for further study depends in part on how well you perform in the exam.,ridiculous: absurd,it is ridiculous to spend all her salary buying that so-called antique. it is ridiculous that they should want to wait ten hours just to have a look at their favorite film star.,deny: 1) refuse to grant or allow (used in the pattern: deny sb sth) eg: the kid was denied the chance of going to school. 2) state sth is not true( deny sth, deny that; deny doing sth) eg: when the police asked her neighbors questions, they all denied having seen her.,as much as the next man: as much as the average person,accommodation: the process of adapting; adjustment,mutual accommodation is of importance especially to newly married couples. it is necessary to seek accommodation from both sides in the dispute.,threat: a danger that sth might happen to sb( followed by to/from/of /against),there have death threats against the witness. the hurricane center warns people not to take the threat of tropical storms lightly. the president said that he would stand firm and not give in to the threats from terrorists. the newly built wal-mart will be a threat to the local supermarkets.,fatal: causing death; bringing ruin,the doctor said the patient was suffering from a fatal disease. he made a fatal mistake of giving her telephone number.,concern: 1) thing that is important or interesting to sb eg: what are your main concern as a college student? 2) worry, anxiety (followed by for/about/over/that) there was growing concern over the rise in unemployment.,sake: purpose; benefit or well-being (for sbs/sths sake, for the sake of),he change into old shoes for the sake of comfort. im studying history for its own sake, not because it will help me get a job. she argues for the sake of arguing. (i.e, because she likes arguing),practice and answers,choose one best answer for each of the following sentences.,1. jenny has just changed her job, and she needs some time to _ herself _ the new circumstances.,a. changefor,b. adaptwith,c. accommodateto,multiple choice,d. conformto,2. many chinese dont like cheese when they first eat it; it is a(n) _ taste.,a. obtained,b. innate,c. acquired,d. inherited,multiple choice,3. this plan was originally _ in 1990s.,a. improved,b. put forward,c. published,d. carried away,4. the free _ of class enables the students to communicate with their teacher.,a. atmosphere,b. air,c. surroundings,d. settings,choose one best answer for each of the following sentences.,multiple choice,choose one best answer for each of the following sentences.,5. he announced his engagement, but his parents had a strong _ to the would-be daughter-in-law.,a. disagreement,b. prejudice,c. sympathy,d. aversion,6. the occasion_ a cool head.,a. calls on,b. calls off,c. calls for,d. calls out,multiple choice,choose one best answer for each of the following sentences.,7. it is a shame that the committee _ our proposal.,a. voted through,b. voted down,c. voted out,d. voted for,8. she is such a spoiling mother that she can _ her son nothing.,a. deny,b. deprive,c. give,d. grant,multiple choice,choose one best answer for each of the following sentences.,9. 1) he should _ be allowed to get up until he has completely recovered.,a. in any case,b. in no case,c. in case,d. in case of,2) _ fire, please dial 911.,a. in any case,b. in no case,c. in case,d. in case of,multiple choice,choose one best answer for each of the following sentences.,3) _ he arrives before i get back, please ask him to wait.,a. in any case,b. in no case,c. in case,d. in case of,4) you have to be there by 8 oclock _.,a. in any case,b. in no case,c. in case,d. in case of,key to exercises,vocabulary 1. 1) universal 2) current 3) worked his way 4) deny 5) melt 6) came through 7) threat 8) combat 9) in the name of 10) raged 11) vote 12) concerns 13) in part 14) reality 15) urgent,key to exercises,2. 1) there has been much debate on the new teaching method invented by a young educationist. 2)most kinds of cancer are fatal without proper treatment. 3) john has submitted an application for retirement at the age of 56 on the grounds of ill health. 4) can you draw a distinction between these two approaches? they sound so similar to me. 5) cars should stop at red traffic lights. similarly, bicycles should stop, too.,key to exercises,3 3. 1) ecologists constantly call for people to stop cutting trees for the sake of mans own future. as a matter of fact, more and more people have realized that mans fate is closely bound up with his environment. 2) we distinguish the excellent manager from the common one by observing his human relations skills to accommodate all kinds of conflicting interests within his company. the excellent manager can always create a lively atmosphere through various proposals and suggestions while the common one can do nothing more than complain about everything. 3) it goes against the grain of contemporary concept of ecology ( 生态学 ) to overuse our natural resources regardless of serious ecological consequences. while it is ridiculous to worship the earth to the point of excess, to ignore the fundamental principles of ecological balance is dangerous too.,key to exercises,ii. confusable words 1. 1) sensible 2) sensitive 3) sentimental 4) sensitive 5) sensible 6) sentimental 2. 1) conserve 2) preserves 3) conserve 4) preserving,key to exercises,iii. word formation age-old 古老的 air force 空军 daughter-in-law 儿媳妇 first-rate 一流的 greenhouse 温室 half brother 同母异父(同父 异母)兄弟 ice-cream 冰激凌 lifelike 逼真的 light year 光年 salesperson 售货员；推销员 self-centered 自私的 threefold 三倍 overuse 过度使用 stone-still 石头似的一动不动 worldwide 全世界范围的；在全世界范围的,key to exercises,structure 1. 1) now that he has begun a new life in a foreign country, everything seems so different and he is understandably excited. 2) the things ive worked so hard for appear to me so shallow and worthless now that ive achieved them. 3) now that the warmer months are coming, why dont you take the opportunity to travel around siberia? 4) now that she knew the whole truth she realized how stupid she had been not to suspect that her boyfriend was actually a spy. 2. 1) when mount qomolangma was remeasured in 1987 by a more accurate method, it was found to be 24 meters higher than previously believed. 2) the central heating system has proved less effective than originally hoped for. 3) the new electronic dictionary is sold at a much lower price th