机械专业英语试题及答案.docx

课程 机械工程专业英语 课程性质（必修限选任选） 考试方式（闭卷开卷）一、选择题（在每题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）1. If all points in a linkage move in parallel planes the system undergoes planar motion and the linkage may be described as a .A. planar motion B. planar linkage C. joints D. slide 2. Though frame material and design should handle damping, are sometimes built into frame sections to handle specific problems.A .beams B. holes C. dampers D. screw3. The maximum allowable deflection of a shaft _ determined by critical speed, gear, or bearing requirements. A. often B. must C. was D. is usually 4. We will have to _ to better and better solutions as we generate more information. A. repeat many times B. iterating C. iterate D. try ways 5. If a product configuration is _ specified and then examined to determine whether the performance requirements are met.A. finally B. tentatively C. temporary D. have been6. Manufacturing can be defined as the _ of raw materials into useful products through the use of the easiest and lest-expensive methods.A. transformation B. processing C. process D. transforming7. The planer and knee types of milling machine is _ because of its flexibility. A. used most commonly B. most popular C. the most commonly used D. most powerful8. As a result, the system will vibrate at the frequency of the _ force regardless of the initial conditions or natural frequency of the system. A. action B. excitation C. out D. act9. Before two components are assembled together, the relationship between the dimensions of the mating surfaces_. A. must be giving out B. should printed clearlyC. must be specified D. should be clearly noted 10. The main practical advantage of lower pairs is their better ability to trap lubricant between their _ surfaces. A. enveloping B. mating C. outer D. outside11. The word_ itself usually refers to the deterioration of metals and ceramics, while similar phenomena in plastics generally called _. A. recrystallization. corrosion B. recrystallizationdegradation 题 号一二三四五六七八总 分得 分C. degradationcorrosion D. corrosion degradation12. Most frames _ cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete.A. are made from B. are made up of C. was produced by D. was consist of13. Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designed to avoid operation at speeds.A . low B .overload C. critical D. hollow14. Although cast iron is a fairly cheap material, each casting requires a .A. pattern B. model C. mold D. patent15. The term is used to describe joints with surface contact, as with a pin surrounded by a hole.A. high pair B. low pair C. surface pair D. rotary pair 二、完型填空（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates and transmits power. One or more members such as gears, sprockets, pulleys, and cams are usually (16) to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings, and other devices. These latter members are among the “associated parts” considered in this text, as are couplings and universal joint, which serve to (17) the shaft to the source of power or load.A shaft can have a noround cross section, ant it need not necessarily rotate. It can be stationary and serve to (18) a rotating member, such as the short shafts that support the nondriving wheels of an automobile. The shafts supporting(19) gears can be either rotating or stationary depending on (20) the gear is attached to the shaft or supported by it through bearings.It is apparent that shafts can be subjected to various combinations of axial, bending, and(21) loads, and that these loads may be static or fluctuating. Typically, a rotating shaft transmitting power is (22) to a constant torque (producing a mean torsional stress) together with a completely reversed bending load (producing an alternating bending stress).In addition to satisfying (23) requirements, shafts must be designed so that deflections are within acceptable limits. Excessive (24) shafts deflection can hamper gear performance and cause (25) noise. The associated angular deflection can be very destructive to no-self- aligning bearings(either plain or rolling). (26) deflection can affect the accuracy of a cam or gear driven mechanism. Furthermore, the greater the flexibility -either lateral or torsional-the lower the corresponding (27) speed. 考生注意： 考试时间 120 分钟 试卷总分 100 分 共 5 页 第 1 页专 业班 级装订线学 号姓 名 Sometimes members like gears and cams are made (28) with shaft, but more often such members (which also include pulleys, sprockets, etc)are made separately and then(29) shaft. The portion of the mounted member in contact with the shaft is the hub. Attachment of the hub to the shaft is made in variety of ways. A gear can be gripped (30) between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key. The grooves in the shaft and hub into which the key fits are called keyways.16、 A) cement B) attached C) connected D) concrete 17、 A) endure B) transmit C) serve D) connect18、 A) support B) meet C) satisfy D) strong19、 A) aims B) idler C) terminal D) tomb 20、 A) due to B) weather C) whether D) for21、 A) elasticity B) torsional C) inertia D) acceleration 22、 A) subjected B)connect C) and D) From23、 A) deeply B) strength C) clearly understand D) long time24、 A) identify B) cross C) round D) lateral 25、 A) lucrative B) objectionable C) attractable D) terrible 26、 A) Moment B)Torment C) Torsional D) Movement 27、 A) high B) critical C) first D) important 28、 A) work B) idealization C) integral D) simplification29、 A) mounted onto B) refers C) referring to D) indicates 30、 A) deformations B) bending limits C) laternal D) axially 三、阅读理解（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，填在题头的表中）（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，总计40分）Text 1 Engineering design is a systematic process by which solution to the needs of humankind are obtained .The process is applied to problems(needs) of varying complexity .For example, mechanical engineers will use the design process to find an effective, efficient method to convert reciprocating motion to circular motion for the drive train in an intnternal combustion engine; electrical engineers will use the process to design electrical generating systems using falling water as the power source; and materials engineers use the process to design ablative materials which enable astronauts to safely reenter the earths atmosphere.The vast majority of complex problems in todays high technology society depend for solution not on a single engineering discipline, but on teams of engineers, scientists, environmentalists, economists, sociologists, and legal personnel. Solutions are not only dependent regulations and political influence. As engineers we are empowered with the technical expertise to develop new and improved products and systems, but at the same time we must be increasingly aware of the impact of our actions on society and the environment in general and work conscientiously toward the best solution in view of all relevant factors. Design is the culmination of engineering educational process; it is the salient feature that distinguishes engineering design is found in the curriculum guidelines of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology(ABET).ABET accredits curricula in engineering schools and derives its membership from the various engineering professional societies. Each accredited curriculum has a well-defined design component which falls within the ABET statement on design read as follows.Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. It is decision making process(often iterative),in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a sated objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction ,testing, and evaluation. The engineering design component of a curriculum must include most of the following features : development of student creativity, use of open-ended problem statement and use of modern design theory and methodology, formulation of design problem statement and specification, consideration of alternative solutions, feasibility considerations, production process, concurrent engineering design, and detailed system descriptions. Further, it is essential to include a variety of realistic constraints such as economic factors, safety, reliability, aesthetics, ethics, and social impact.31、whats the main meaning of message (1)?A) Engineering design is a systematic process B) materials engineers main workC) mechanical engineers has good idea D) electrical engineer main duty32、In the authors opinion, the design process is very complex and should taken into account many factors, from the message who should NOT join into the design team _. A) environmentalists,B) sociologistsC) engineersD) Government officials33、From the message, we can know the meaning of words “ABET ”(at line third paragraph) is _. A) a set of accredits standard B) a kind of design methodC) a department of US government which responsible for engineering designD) A set of law34、It can be concluded from the passage that in the exercise and training of student, which character of the following is NOT included in the curriculum _. A) creativity B) new materialC) ethicsD) economic factors35、The title of the message is _. A) the roles of engineers in manufacturing B) the importance of mechanical design C) engineering design D) The process of machine design TEXT 2Working drawings are the complete set of standardized drawings specifying the manufacture and assembly of a product based on its design. The complexity of the design determines the number and types of drawings. Working drawings may be on more than one sheet and may contain written instructions called specifications. Working drawings are blueprints used for manufacturing products. Therefore, the set of drawings must:(a) completely describe the parts, both visually and dimensionally;(b)show the parts in assembly;(3)identify all the parts; and (4)specify standard parts. The graphics and text information must be sufficiently complete and accurate to manufacture and assemble the product without error. 共 5 页 第 2 页专 业班 级装订线学 号姓 名Generally, a complete set of Working drawings for an assembly includes:(1) Detail drawings of each nonstandard parts.(2) An assembly or subassembly drawing showing all the standard and nonstandard parts in a single drawing.(3) A bill of materials (BOM).(4) A title block.A detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single part, describing the parts shape, size, material, and surface roughness, in sufficient detail for the part to be manufactured based on the drawing alone. Detail drawings are produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computer models. They adhere strictly to ANSI standards and the standard for the specific company, for dimensioning, assigning part numbers, notes, tolerances, etc.In an assembly, standard parts such as threaded fasteners and bearings are not drawn as details, but are shown in the assembly view. Standard parts are not drawn as details because they are normally purchased, not manufactured, for assembly.For large assemblies or assembled with large parts, details are drawn on multiple sheets, and a separate sheet is used for the assembly view. If the assembly is simple or the parts are small, detail drawings for each part of an assembly can be placed on a single sheet.Multiple details on a sheet are usually drawn at the same scale. If different scales are used, they are clearly marked under each detail. Also, when more than one detail is placed on a sheet, the spacing between details is carefully planned, including leaving sufficient room for dimensions and notes.36. Based on the message, which of the follow is wrong ?A) standard parts neednt drawn as details B) for simple parts, sometimes neednt to draw the detail working drawing C) for large assemblies details may drawn on multiple sheets D) If different scales used in a single sheet, they should clearly marked under each detail37. Working drawings for an assembly MAY NOT includes: ?A) BOM B) title block C) An assembly or subassembly drawing D) Detail drawings of all parts.38. For detail drawing, Which one of the following statement is not true ?A) should not has different scales B) Detail drawing can produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computer models.C) detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single partD) should Adhere strictly to ANSI standards 39. From the message we can infer ANSI is ? A) a set of law B) a set of notification C) an Organization D) IEEE government40. The topic of the message is ?A) How to design working drawings.B) working drawings character and the key influence of how to draw a working drawingC) In the design process, what should be considered?D) What is working drawingTEXT 3One principle aim of kinematics is to create (design) the desired motions of the subjects mechanical parts and then mathematically compute the positions, velocities, and accelerations, which those will create on the parts. Since, for most earthbound mechanical systems, the mass remains essentially constant with time, defining the accelerations as a function of time then also defines the dynamic forces as a function of time. Stresses, in turn, will be a function of both applied and inertial (ma) forces. Since engineering design is charged with creating systems which will not fail during their expected service life, the goal is to keep stresses within acceptable limits for the materials chosen and the environmental conditions encountered. This obviously requires that all system forces be defined and kept within desired limits. In machinery, the largest forces encountered are often those due to the dynamics of the machine itself. These dynamic forces are proportional to acceleration, which brings us back to kinematics, the foundation of mechanical design. Very basic and early decision in the design process involving kinematic principles can be crucial to the success of any mechanical design; a design which has poor kinematics will prove troublesome and perform badly.Any mechanical system can be classified according to the number of degree of freedom (DOF) which it processes. The systems DOF is equal to the number of independent parameters which are needed to uniquely define its position in space at any instant of time.A rigid body free to move within a reference frame will, in the general case, has complex motion, which is a simultaneous combination of rotation and translation. In three-dimensional space, there may be rotation about any axis and also simultaneous translation which can be resolved into components along three axes. In a plane, or two-dimensional space, complex motion becomes a combination of simultaneous rotation about one axis (perpendicular to the plane) and also translation resolved into components along two axes in the plane 41、Kinematics research focus on the following EXCEPT _. A) accelerations B) force C) positions, D) velocities42、From the passage that for the design engineer the first and most important is_ A) the service life of a machine B) the materials choose C) the degree of freedom D) kinematic principles43、An mechanical system has uniquely defined position in space at any instant of time that _. A) It should has one DOF B) It should Has two DOF C) the DOF and the number of independent parameters should equal D) It should has any DOF as want 44、 which one of the following is NOT TRUE _?. A) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may rotation about any axis B) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space is a simultaneous combination of rotation and translationC) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space can be resolved into components along three axesD) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may has complex motion45、The best title for this passage would be _. A) kinematics B) dynamicsC) kinematics and dynamic D) the important of kinematics 共 5 页 第 3 页专 业班 级装订线学 号姓 名四、 英译汉（共20分）1将下列英语句子译成汉语（共5小题，每小题2分） （1）A perfectly rigid or inextensible link can exist only as a textbook type of model of a real machine member.（2）Foundations should ensure the machines stiffness; shock absorption and isolation are secondary considerations.(3)Thus, if a mechanical component such as a spring is subjected to repetitive or cyclical applications of stress leve