中考英语总复习 第十章 语法非谓语动词课件

在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词不受人称和数的限制。非谓语动词分为三种形式：动词不定式、动名词 (动词-ing形式) 和分词 (现在分词和过去分词)。,第 十 章 非 谓 语 动 词,动词不定式肯定形式是 “to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to，否定形式是 “not (to) do”。动词不定式虽在句子中不能作谓语，但仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成的短语，叫做不定式短语。,考 点 1 动 词 不 定 式,1. 动词不定式的构成与用法, 作主语，放句首，句子的谓语动词常用单数，且常用it作形式主语，不定式后置，如： To swim in a river is very dangerous. =It is very dangerous to swim in a river.,作表语，表示主语的 “职业、职责或性质”，作表语的不定式也可转换为作主语，如： My job is to teach English.=To teach English is my job., 作宾语，如： I cant afford to buy the watch., 作宾补，如： Our teacher often warns us not to play in the street., 作定语，不定式作定语时常后置，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词有 “动宾关系”，若不定式中的动词为不及物动词，则要补上适当的介词，如： Im thirsty. Id like something to drink. I have a lot of homework to do. She came late. So she didnt have a chair to sit in., 作状语，不定式作状语时相当于一个副词，修饰动词或形容词，常表示目的、原因、结果等，如： Im sorry to hear that. (表示原因) She ran as fast as she could to catch the bus. (表示目的) She is old enough to take care of herself. (表示结果),afford to do 负担得起做 need to do 需要去做 agree to do 同意去做 refuse to do 拒绝去做 ask to do 要求去做 want to do 想要去做 decide to do 决定去做 wish to do 希望去做 expect to do 期望去做 choose to do 选择去做 fail to do 未做成 manage to do 设法去做 hope to do 希望去做 pretend to do 假装去做 plan to do 计划去做 would like to do 想要去做 promise to do 承诺去做,2. 常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语的动词,注意：动词feel，find，make，think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语，后面接动词不定式，句子结构是 “主语+feel/find/think/make/it+ adj. +to do ”。,ask sb. to do 让某人去做 want sb. to do 想某人去做 allow sb. to do 允许某人去做 invite sb. to do 邀请某人去做 advise sb. to do 建议某人去做 promise sb. to do 承诺某人去做 encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人去做 help sb. do 帮助某人 expect sb. to do 期待某人去做 warn sb. to do 警告某人去做 order sb. to do 命令某人去做 wish sb. to do 希望某人去做 teach sb. to do 教某人去做 would like sb. to do 想要某人去做 tell sb. to do 告诉某人去做,3.常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词,不定式可与who，which，what，when，where，how，whether等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等。如： I really dont know what to do. (作宾语) When to finish the task is a question. (作主语) He taught us how to make model plane. (作宾语补足语) The main problem is whether to accept the present. (作表语),4. 疑问词+to do,5. 常见的后面接不带to的动词不定式的词,注意：感官动词和使役动词后面出现了动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动结构中必须省略不定式符号to，但在变为被动结构时，省略的to则必须加上。,情态动词can，must，should 使役动词 let，have，make 一感 feel 二听 listen to， hear 三让 let，have，make 四看see，watch，notice，observe 五帮 help help sb.do sth.帮助某人做某事 Why not ？为什么不？ Why dont you ？你为什么不？ had better do sth.最好做 would rather than 宁愿而不愿 prefer to rather than 宁愿而不愿 Could you please ？你能吗？, 作目的状语置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调，常见的有to do/in order to do/so as to do，如： To catch the bus，she ran as fast as she could. She ran as fast as she could in order to/so as to catch the bus. (so as to do一般不置于句首),6. 常见的后面接动词不定式作状语的情况, 作结果状语多见于 “too to”， “enough to ” 结构中，如： The room needs to be big enough for three people to live in., 作原因状语多见于 “sb. +be + adj.+to do ” 结构中，如： I feel lucky to have a dog called Lucky.,注意：以下词组中的to是介词，不是不定式，故后面接动名词、名词或代词： pay attention to doing/sth. 注意 look forward to doing/sth. 期待，盼望 prefer doing to doing 更喜欢 be devoted to doing/sth. 致力于，忠诚于 be/get used to doing/sth. 习惯于 make a contribution to doing/sth. 为作贡献,真题热身,( )1. Its important for you to know _ all the subjects. Yeah, group work is my favorite.（2016宁德市) A. how to study B. when to study C. where to study ( ) 2. Our teacher often asks us along well with other students.(2015宁德市) A. to get B. get C. getting,中考真题,A,A,考 点 2 动 名 词,动名词是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为 “动词原形+-ing”。形式上与现在分词一样，但与现在分词有很大区别。动名词既具有动词特点，又具有名词特点。动名词是由动词变化而来，所以动名词的意义也是表示某个动作或事情。, 作主语，放句首，句子的谓语动词常用单数，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用 “It is no use/good doing ” “It is a waste of time doing ” “There is no use doing ” 等句式来表示。如： Waiting for him is no use any longer. =It is no use waiting for him any longer., 作宾语，动名词常接avoid，enjoy，consider，finish，imagine，mind，miss，practice，suggest，be busy，be worth，feel like等词后作宾语。如： I enjoy working with you. Why not consider visiting Paris for your next vacation？, 作介词宾语，介词后接动词时，动词要用动名词形式，如what about，give up，be good at，be fond of，thank you for 等。如： What about joining an English club to improve spoken English？, 作表语，相当于名词，动名词作表语时可转化为作主语。如： My job is looking after the children. =Looking after the children is my job., 作定语动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示 “用于的” 或表示 “处于某件事情中的” 含义。如： running water自来水 reading room阅览室,真题热身,( ) I have a bad cold. I dont feel like _ anything.(2015泉州市) A. to eat B. eating C. eat,中 考 真 题,B,like to do/doing 喜欢 love to do/doing 喜欢 hate to do/doing 讨厌 prefer to do/doing 宁可 continue to do/doing 继续 attempt to do/doing试图 begin/start to do/doing 开始,考 点 3 既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词,1. 后面接不定式或动名词且含义相同的动词,注意 当 like，love，hate，prefer 与 would，should 连用时，其后只能接不定式。 当begin，start 本身为进行时态或后面接know，realize，understand 等静态动词时，其后的动词只能用不定式。,2. 后面接不定式或动名词含义不同的动词,真题热身,( ) 1. Tony, remember _ with your mouth full of food. (2015