初高中衔接教学时态语态.ppt

动词的时态,高中英语语法,一般现在时,1.表示经常发生的动作(习惯性的动作)或存在的状态.常always ,usually, often ,sometimes, everyday 等词连用.,We study English every day . Beijing is the capital of China . My mother always gets up early. He sometimes goes to see a film with his parents.,The English teacher said that the earth moves around the sun. Light travels faster than sound. The moon travels round the earth .,2. 表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时间限制),The No.5 train leaves at 10: 30 Our holiday begins in July.,3. 表示根据计划或时间表将要进行的动作.,4. 在有时间状语或条件状语从句的主从符复合句中,如果主句是一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时态.,I will let you know as soon as he gets here. If you arent here on time tomorrow, I will write to your parents.,二. 一般现在时句子结构,主语 + is am are + 表语,主语+ do does + (宾语),(1)As you can see , the number of cars on roads _rising these days . (06全国卷) A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping,(2)This machine _. It hasnt worked for years .(06浙江) didnt work B. wasnt working C. doesnt work D. isnt working,Nowadays , a large number of women , especially those from the countryside , _ in the clothing industry . (05辽宁),A. is working B. works C. work D. worked,一般过去时,1表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与yesterday, in 1990, two days ago , three years ago, last week/year/night, the day before yesterday , the other day , just now , then , at that time 等表示过去的时间状语连用, 一般过去时也经常用在没有明确说明过去的时间状语的句子中，如：,1). My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He _ there for a few months and then went to America. (06江西) Aworked B. would work would be working D. has been working,(2) It is said that the early European playing-cards _ for entertainment and education. (06辽宁) Awere being designed B. have designed C. have been designed D. were designed,2表示过去发生的一连串动作，如： At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch. (05 上海) Asitting B. having sat C. to sit D. sat,3表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的行为，常与every day, often, sometimes, regularly等时间状语连用，“used to+动词原形”或“would+动词原形”常用来表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，如：,1).He used to walk along the road after supper. 他以前晚饭后总是沿着马路散。 2).He would sit there for hours sometimes, doing nothing at all. 他有时一坐就是几个小时, 什么也不做。,一般将来时态,1. 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态.常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow, next week, in a few days, next time,I shall go to see a friend tomorrow. It will be fine this afternoon. You will be a senior students this term.,2. 口语中常用be going to + do 表示已经决定或安排要做的事情; 表示有迹象表明必然或可能发生的事情.,Its going to rain. Im going to meet her at 7:00.,3. 英语中还用be to + 或 to be about to do 表示将要发生的事情,The meeting is to be held tomorrow. The film is about to begin.,4.许多动词如:go , come, leave, start, arrive 等, 可以用进行时表将来.,She is coming to see you this morning. The train is leaving . The plane is arriving .,一般将来时句子结构,主语 + shall will + do 主语+ is amare going to +do 主语+ be to +do 主语+ be about to +do 主语+ be + doing,(1) Your job _ open for your return. Thanks. (06北京) A. will be kept B. will keep C. had keep D. had been kept,(2)As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _and see him. (05北京) A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come,3.一般将来时的表达方式及区别：,3） am /is /are to + 动词原形表示按计划，预定要做某事，常表示命令与禁止，意为“应该”。,2）用“will /shall 助动词+动词原形”表示单纯的将来，不用于条件句，表示必然的将来，也可表意愿与决心。,1）用“am /is /are + going to +动词原形”表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情，或有客观迹象表明将会发生的预示。,4）am /is /are about to +动词原形或 am /is /are on the point of doing sth.表示“即将或正要做某事”，不与时间状语连用，但可和 when从句连用。,(1)Did you tell Julia about the result? Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now. (05全国卷) A. Will be calling B. will call C. call D. am to call,(2)Look at these clouds._. A. Itll rain B. Its going to rain C. Itll be raining D. It is to rain,1 表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作：表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安排或计划； go ,come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。如：,It is raining now. He is teaching English and learning Chinese. I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. We are leaving on Friday. At six I am bathing the baby. The girl is always talking loud in public.,（与频度副词连用，表示经常，反复的动作或某种感情色彩如厌恶， 欣赏，表扬等),现在进行时,1. I dont suppose the police know who did it. Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _ now. (06江苏) Ahas been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned,(2)Listen to the two girls by the window. What language _ ? (05全国卷) A. did they speak B. were they speaking C. are they speaking D. have they been speaking,Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. (05上海) Awork B. working C. is working D. are working,Are you still busy? Yes, I _ my work, and it wont take long. (05浙江) A. just finish B. am just finishing C. have just finished D. am just going to finish,2 下列动词不可用进行时。,表示心理状态，情感的动词：like, love，hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, need, mean.,表感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, Sound, taste, look, watch.,过去进行时,表示过去某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。动词的构成为：be(was/were)+doing;过去进行时的时间状语常用，at eight yesterday morning, from 7:00 to 9:00 last night 有时用when,while连词引导的状语从句表示 过去进行时可用来叙述过去经常或反复发生的动作 一些表示位移、方向的动作用过去进行时表示过去将来发生的动作 表示说话人过去对主语的行为表示的“赞叹”或“厌恶”等，常与always, constantly, continually等副词连用,(1) Whats wrong with your coat? (05重庆) Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _ on it. A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting,(2)Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didnt want her parents to know what she _. (05辽宁) A. has done B. had done C. was doing D. is doing,现在完成时,1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果, 这种用法中的谓语动词一般为短暂性动词.,2未完成用法, 表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态, 可能持续下去, 也可能刚刚结束, 这种用法中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词,I have read the book. He has opened the door. Have you seen a book here ?,I have lived here since my childhood. We have learned English for four years. It has been ( is ) six years since he left here.,(1)We _our new neighbors yet , so we dont know their names.(06上海) A. dont meet B. wont meet C. havent met D. hadnt met,(2)The coffee is wonderful ! It doesnt taste like anything I _ before . (05全国) A. was having B. have C. have ever had D. had ever had,过去完成时,1, 表示到过去的某一时刻为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态, 这个时间可用短语或从句来表示, 也可由上下文来加以 衬托, 它在时间上的意义是“过去的过去“,(1)The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous . She _before . A. hasnt flown B. didnt fly C. hadnt flown D. wasnt flying,(2) The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box , which _placed under the Ministers car .(05 广东) A. have been B. was being C. had been D. would be,-Hurry up ! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate . -Oh ! I thought they _without me. (05江西) A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had gone,将来完成时,指将来某一时刻已完成的动作，将来完成时常与状语“by the time+从句”、“by the end of+将来时间的名词”或“by+将来时间名词”等连用,如：,（1）By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _ for London to attend a meeting.(05天津) A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left,(2)The mayor of Beijing says that all the construction work for the Beijing Olympic _ by 2006. (04北京) A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed,现在完成进行时,1现在完成进行时是由“have/has been+现在分词”构成的，表示过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且还可能继续下去，如：,（1）Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday. (06山东) have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost,2现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：现在完成时强调的是完成的动作，而现在完成进行时是持续了一段时间的动作，这个动作刚停止或仍在继续，有些延续性动词，如 live, teach, work, study, learn, stay 等用现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大，如：,Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. had considered has been considering considered is doing to consider (04北京),过去完成进行时,表示持续进行到过去某时的动作或在过去某时以前不久发生的动作或一直到过去某时反复发生的动作，如：,They _ on the program for almost a week before I joined them, and now we _it as no good results have come out so far. A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still working C. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working,过去将来时,过去将来时常用在