2017中考英语命题研究第二部分语法专题突破篇专题十一动词的语态精讲习题.docx

专题十一动词的语态贵阳五年中考命题规律及趋势考纲要求1.一般现在时的被动语态2.一般过去时的被动语态3.一般将来时的被动语态考查点年份题号选项设置分值一般现在时的被动语态201690useare used1分201239plant/are_planted/will plant1分一般过去时的被动语态201539is invented/was_invented/were invented1分201387written/writtingwritten1分动词语态为贵阳中考单项选择题的必考点，且都与时态相结合，主要表现为一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时。选项的设置均为一个动词的两种不同时态和不同语态。语境设置在近三年来很少出现明显的时间状语提示，需要分析语境才能判断出选项。语句多为单句形式，词数多为913。预测2017年贵阳中考的单项选择题必定会出现一道题考查被动语态，并与时态相结合。贵阳中考重难点突破动词的语态【满分点拨】1动词语态的分类英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。(1)主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：Many people speak English there.那儿很多人说英语。(2)被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动词的对象。如：Chinese is spoken by many people.汉语被很多人说。(Chinese是动词speak的承受者)2被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词(用done表示)”构成。常见的四种时态的被动结构如下：时态被动结构例句一般现在时am/is/aredoneThis kind of car is made in China.这种车是中国制造的。一般过去时was/weredoneThe flying disk was invented by college students.这种飞碟游戏是大学生们发明的。续表时态被动结构例句一般将来时will/shallbedoneThe bridge will be finished in a month.这座桥将在一个月内竣工。情态动词情态动词bedoneTables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。3.主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)图示(2)口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动(3)变换步骤：将主动句的宾语变为主语。注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom killed himHe was killed by Tom.汤姆杀了他。将动词改为“be过去分词”。注意：be动词与新主语相一致，时态不变。如：They held a meeting yesterday.A meeting was_held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了 。将主动语态的主语改为by放在谓语动词后。注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。如：He sang a song.A song was sung by_him他唱了一首歌。【方法突破】分析贵阳近5年考情发现，涉及语态的试题的选项中通常有两个主动和两个被动，并且有现在时态和过去时态。学生在做题时，可从以下角度入手分析：判断句子是主动语态还是被动语态读懂句意，确定主语，判断主语表示人还是物，主语是动作的执行者还是承受者。一般人作主语时，谓语动词用主动语态。当主语为人时，需根据句意及谓语动词判断该动作是否是主语发出：若为主语发出，用主动语态；若不是主语发出，用被动语态。物作主语的时候，谓语动词要用被动语态，由此可排除掉主动语态的选项。对于被动语态来说，试题主要是让大家找出谓语动作的执行者或承受者，这就要根据句子的意思进行判断，然后根据句中的时间状语做出正确选择。确定句子的时态被动语态的使用离不开时态，所以应根据句中的时间状语、上下文的暗示或发生动作的时态来分析判断应使用哪种时态的被动语态。再结合句意给出的时间状语或已发生动作的时态，选取对应的时态。4常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊结构(1)含有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)的句子，多把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。如：Jack told us the truth.We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告诉了我们真相。(2)主动语态中有些感官动词(如：hear，see，watch，notice等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原。即：hear(see) sb.do sth.sb. be heard(seen) to do sth.如：We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroom.The girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom by us.我们听见那女孩在音乐教室弹钢琴。(3)主动语态中有些使役动词(如：make，let等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，同样要把不定式符号to还原。即：make sb.do sth.sb. be made to do sth.如：The teacher makes his students do much homework every day.His students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day.那位老师让他的学生每天做很多家庭作业。5不能使用被动结构的情况(1)连系动词，如：look，feel，smell等，以主动形式表示被动含义。如：The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。(2)有些动词的主动形式表被动含义，如：need doing(需要做某事)，be worth doing(值得做某事)等。如：Your bedroom is in a terrible mess.It needs cleaning right now.你的卧室太乱了，需要马上清理一下。(3)表示“发生”的happen或take place，无被动结构。如：The story happened on a cold night.故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。【考点抢测】(C)1.Chinese _ by more and more people from all over the world today.AlearnBlearnedCis learned(B)2.Today，computers are really helpful.They _ everywhere.Ause Bare used Cused(C)3.Every year，more than 70 000 000 sharks _ for their fins(鱼翅)Awere killed Bhave killedCare killed(C)4.The sport of basketball _ by more than 100 million people in over 200 countries.Aplay BplayedCis played(B)5.When I called the bus service，I _ that there was no more bus.Awas telling Bwas toldChas told(C)6.A new club _ in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members.Ais started Bhas startedCwas started(C)7.The first Earth Day _ in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet.Acelebrates BcelebratedCwas celebrated(B)8.Alice _ some advice on how to improve her listening skills，and she gladly accepted Miss Greens.Agave Bwas given Cgives(B)9.The task _ in an hour.Then we can