师语法专题定语从句的用法112.doc

分度教育学生姓名 年级 初三 授课时间 教师姓名 课时 2 课 题语法专题三 定语从句教学目标掌握定语从句的用法重点难点定语从句的引导词,语序和时态的选择使用定语从句的用法和精练1、 定语从句的概念 定语从句定义：在复合句中,修饰主句某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 先行词定义：被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 关系代词定义：引导定语从句的关系关系代词词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词包括: that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等。关系副词包括：where, when, why等。关系代词的复合句中的作用：1 将主句与从句链接 2 代替先行词的作用 3 在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语关系副词的复合句中的作用：1 将主句与从句链接 2 代替先行词的作用 3 在从句中充当状语1关系代词举例： Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.主句：Mary likes music 从句：that is quiet and gentle 先行词：music 关系代词：that 1从句that is quiet and gentle 修饰music，起到后置定语的作用，译为。的2that 代替music3 that在从句中that is quiet and gentle 充当主语成分，即that即是连接主句和从句的纽带，又充当从句中的成分。4译文：玛丽喜欢音乐，该音乐是安静温柔的。改写为：玛丽喜欢安静温柔的音乐。1关系副词举例：This is place where he works.主句：This is place从句：where he works先行词： place关系副词：where 1其连接主句与从句的作用2where代替place3where 充当从句where he works中works 的状语.易错题举例:Shaolin Temple lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcome the visitors both at home and abroad.A. where B. which C. who D. what 此处:空缺部分充当从句的主语,则只能用关系代词,而不能用关系副词where.先行词Shaolin Temple是物,可用that/which关系代词引导.二、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。三、关系代词的用法(基本用法) that/which/who/whom/whose 1.that的用法(1)先行词是人或者物(2)在从句中充当主语,宾语,表语(3)很多时候可以用which,who,whom代替.(4)只能用that的情况:1.)先行词本身是序数词、形容词最高级时,如:the first,the best,the highest为先行词或者先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,如:the first person,the best student为先行词.例子:He was the first that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。2.)先行词本身是不定代词all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one 如:nothing先行词或者现行词被不定代词all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one修饰 如:any student例子: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? Is there any student that you want to talk to? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? 3. )the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时 如:the only student,the last one,the very person.例子:This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。4. )先行词里同时含有人或物例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 5 .)以who或which引导的特殊疑问句例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁? 6.)主句是there be 结构There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。7. )先行词是主句中的表语,或者关系代词在从句中做表语,即在从句中充当系动词be的表语.例子:He is not the man that he was. 分析:1 the man 在主句He is not the man 当表语 推出先行词用that 2 在从句中 he was却表语 推出先行词用that错:He is not the man who he was.2. which的用法(1)先行词是物(2)在从句中充当主语,宾语(3)很多时候可以用that代替.(4)只能用which的情况:1.) 先行词本身是that,thoseWhat is that which flashed in the sky just now?What is those which flashed in the sky just now?2. )关系代词前有介词in/on/from等。例子：This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。3.)引导非限制性定语从句例如: Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴3.who 的用法(1)先行词是人(2)在从句中充当主语(3)很多时候可以用that代替.(4)只能用who的情况:Who 在从句中充当主语1 先行词是人：如student，man。2先行词为表示人的不定代词：如 one，anyone，no one，all，nobody，anybody，none，those(指人)例子：Those who have good manners will be respected。从后句判断为人。 Anyone who wants to swim writes his name on a piece of paper。3先行词被后置定语隔开，只看先行词判断，如是人，则用whoThe professor is coming soon who will give us a speech。4.whom 的用法(1)先行词是人(2)在从句中充当宾语，表语(3)很多时候可以用that代替.(4)只能用whom的情况:Whom 在从句中充当宾语1) 先行词是人：如student，man。2)先行词为表示人的不定代词：如 one，anyone，no one，all，nobody，anybody，none，those(指人)例子：Those whom we respected will be invited to our party。从we respected判断those指的是人。 Anyone whom we invited wants to swim。3)先行词被后置定语隔开，只看先行词判断，如是人The professor is coming soon whom we will talk to。区别：who/whom 都修饰人，区别在于在从句中充当的成分不一样。 Who 在从句充当主语，whom在从句中充当宾语。5whose的用法(1)先行词是人或者物(2)在从句中充当定语例子：the door whose window is broken。在从句中充当window的定语。四、关系副词的用法(基本用法) when/where/why 1关系副词when的用法(1)先行词指时间(2)在从句中充当状语例如: This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。2关系副词where的用法(1)先行词指地点(2)在从句中充当状语例如: This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。2关系副词why的用法(1)先行词指原因(2)在从句中充当状语五：如何选择关系代词，关系副词的方法1找出先行词2注意先行词是否有特殊标志或者修饰3找出从句总缺少什么成分4对应语法点选择关系代词或者关系副词。六 例题解析： I.单项填空。 1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father? -Yes, hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _I can swim? A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day? A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree 6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which D who 7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A. whos B. whose C. that of which. 8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was 9. I love places _the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who 10. The world _ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in 二. 用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。 1. The first thing _that_you must do is to have a meal. 2. April 1st is the day _which/that_is called April Fools Day in the west. 3. The family _which/that_had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends. 4. The house _where_we live in is very old. 5. Didnt you see the man whom_I talked with just now?三. 单项选择(各地中考题)1.(E，杭州)Is that the man helped us a lot after the earthquake? A. whose B. which C. when D. who2.(E,长沙)What are you looking for? Im looking for the pen I bought yesterday.A. who B. which C. whose3.(E,长春)We should be ready to help the people are in trouble. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who4. (D, 陕西)We should give love to the children lost their parents in the earthquake(地震). A. who B. whom C. those D. which5. (D,河南)Shaolin Temple lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcome the visitors both at home and abroad. A. where B. which C. who D. what 6. (D, 宁夏)The book was written by Yu Dan sells well. A. who B. which C. how D. what7. (D,长春)I like the music I can sing along with. A. what B. that C. who D. why8.(D, 天津)The camel I rode had a bad temper, and I got very tired. A. that B. whose C. who D. where9. (D,广州)Last summer I went to Lu Xuns hometown and visited the house he was born. A. that B. there C. which D. where10.(D,福州)Do you know the girl is standing under the tree?She is my little sister.A. who B. whom C. whose D. which11.(D,云南)We should give a hand to the people need help. A. who B. whose C. whom D. when 12. (D,兰州)We all like the teachers class is interesting and creative(有创造性的). A. which B. whose C. who D. that13.(D,南宁)He is the only student plays table tennis better than Jim. A. why B. where C. who D. which14.(E,哈尔滨)Ten months has passed, but Chinese people still r