四级阅读命题考点规律及其对应题型.docVIP

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罿袀腿蕿袅衿芁螅螁羈莃薇蚇羇蒆莀羅羆膅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂羈羂莄蒅袄肁蒆蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀螇袆肇芃薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇莁袃膄艿薇蝿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇芈芀蒄羆芇莂蚀袂芆薅蒃袈芅芄螈螄袁莇薁蚀袁葿螆罿袀腿蕿袅衿芁螅螁羈莃薇蚇羇蒆莀羅羆膅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂羈羂莄蒅袄肁蒆蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀螇袆肇芃薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇莁袃膄艿薇蝿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇芈芀蒄羆芇莂蚀袂芆薅蒃袈芅芄螈螄袁莇薁蚀袁葿螆罿袀腿蕿袅衿芁螅螁羈莃薇蚇羇蒆莀羅羆膅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂羈羂莄蒅袄肁蒆蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀螇袆肇芃薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇莁袃膄艿薇蝿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇芈芀蒄羆芇莂蚀袂芆薅蒃袈芅芄螈螄袁莇薁蚀袁葿螆罿袀腿蕿袅衿芁螅螁羈莃薇蚇羇蒆莀羅羆膅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂羈羂莄蒅袄肁蒆蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀螇袆肇芃薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇莁袃膄艿薇蝿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇芈芀蒄羆芇莂蚀袂芆薅蒃袈芅芄螈螄袁莇薁蚀袁葿螆罿袀腿蕿袅衿芁螅螁羈莃薇蚇羇蒆莀羅羆膅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂羈羂莄蒅袄肁蒆蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀螇袆肇芃薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇莁袃膄艿薇蝿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇芈芀蒄羆芇莂蚀袂芆薅蒃袈芅芄螈螄袁莇薁蚀袁葿螆罿袀腿蕿袅衿芁螅螁羈莃薇蚇羇蒆莀羅羆膅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂羈羂莄蒅袄肁蒆蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀螇袆肇芃薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇莁袃膄艿薇蝿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇芈芀蒄羆芇莂蚀袂芆薅蒃袈芅芄螈螄袁莇薁蚀袁葿螆罿袀腿蕿袅衿芁螅螁羈莃薇蚇羇蒆莀羅羆膅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂羈羂莄蒅袄肁蒆蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀螇袆肇芃薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇莁袃膄艿薇蝿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇芈芀蒄羆芇莂蚀袂芆薅蒃袈芅芄螈螄袁莇薁蚀袁葿螆罿袀腿蕿袅衿芁螅螁羈莃薇蚇羇蒆莀羅羆膅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂羈羂莄蒅袄肁蒆蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀螇袆肇芃薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇莁袃膄艿薇蝿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇芈芀蒄羆芇莂蚀袂芆薅蒃袈芅芄螈螄袁莇薁蚀袁葿螆罿袀腿蕿袅衿芁螅螁羈莃薇蚇羇蒆莀羅羆膅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂羈羂莄蒅袄肁蒆蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀螇袆肇芃薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇莁袃膄艿薇蝿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇芈芀蒄羆芇莂蚀袂芆薅蒃袈芅芄螈螄袁莇薁蚀袁葿螆罿袀腿蕿袅衿芁螅螁羈莃薇蚇羇蒆莀羅羆膅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂羈羂莄蒅袄肁蒆蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀螇袆肇芃薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇莁袃膄艿薇蝿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇芈芀蒄羆芇莂蚀袂芆薅蒃袈芅芄螈螄袁莇薁蚀袁葿螆罿袀腿蕿袅衿芁螅螁羈莃薇蚇羇蒆莀羅羆膅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂羈羂莄蒅袄肁蒆蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀螇袆肇芃薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇莁袃膄艿薇蝿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇芈芀蒄羆芇莂蚀袂芆薅蒃袈芅芄螈螄袁莇薁蚀袁葿螆罿袀腿蕿袅衿芁螅螁羈莃薇蚇羇蒆莀羅羆膅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂羈羂莄蒅袄肁蒆蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀螇袆肇芃薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇莁袃膄艿薇蝿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇芈芀蒄羆芇莂蚀袂芆薅蒃袈芅芄螈螄袁莇薁蚀袁葿螆罿袀腿蕿袅衿芁螅螁羈莃薇蚇羇蒆莀羅羆膅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂羈羂莄蒅袄肁蒆蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀螇袆肇芃薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇莁袃膄艿薇蝿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇芈芀蒄羆芇莂蚀袂芆薅蒃袈芅芄螈螄袁莇薁蚀袁葿螆罿袀腿蕿袅衿芁螅螁羈莃薇蚇羇蒆莀羅羆膅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂羈羂莄蒅袄肁蒆蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀螇袆肇芃薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇莁袃膄艿薇蝿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇芈芀蒄羆芇莂蚀袂芆薅蒃袈芅芄螈螄袁莇薁蚀袁葿螆罿袀腿蕿袅衿芁螅螁羈莃薇蚇羇蒆莀羅羆膅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂羈羂莄蒅袄肁蒆蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀螇袆肇芃薀螂肆莅螅蚈肅蒇薈羇膄膇莁袃膄艿薇蝿膃蒂荿螅膂膁蚅蚁膁芄蒈罿膀莆蚃袅腿蒈蒆螁芈膈蚁蚇芈芀蒄羆芇莂蚀袂芆薅蒃袈芅芄螈螄袁莇薁蚀袁葿螆罿袀腿蕿袅衿芁螅螁羈莃薇蚇羇蒆莀羅羆膅薆羁羆莈葿袇羅蒀蚄螃羄膀蒇虿羃节蚂羈羂莄蒅袄肁蒆蚁螀肀膆蒃蚆肀莈虿蚂聿蒁薂羀肈膀螇袆肇芃薀螂肆 四级阅读考点命题规律及其对应题型华中农业大学外语系 湖北 武汉 430070 胡素芬 阅读理解在四级考试中的分量可以说是不谓不大也。有人曾说得阅读者得天下。然而许多考试在做阅读时，还是“盲人骑瞎马”，只是一味地阅读没有抓住其命题考点命题规律。笔者通过分析研究英语四、六级考试阅读理解历届考题，发现命题者命制的考点是有一定规律的，且考点规律常与某种题型（主旨题、细节题、逻辑题、观点态度题、词义题）相对应。如果考生掌握了这些规律，就能在第一遍快速阅读短文时，敏锐地捕捉到考点并能预测可能会出的题型。考生此时应用笔在这些可能会出题的考点轻轻划上记号，等看完短文开始做题时，针对题干的提问，迅速找到做记号的考点，再仔细分析、答题。这样，考生就能节省不少时间，从而避免开始做题时又要通阅全文盲目找考点。下面就以2005年1月阅读理解第4篇为例，归纳和分析这些考点规律及对应题型。 Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to light beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet. In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts; for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry (小甜饼). Even exercise professionals concede half a point here. Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight, says York Onnen, program director of the Presidents Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.Still, exercises supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight.If you have been sedentary (极少活动的) and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a years time, assuming no increase in food intake, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.26. What is said about the average American in the passage?A) They tend to exaggerate the healthful effect of light beer.B) They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weight.C) They prefer light beer and low-calorie bread to other drinks and food.D) They know the factors that play a positive role in keeping down body weight.27. Some people dislike exercise because . A) they think it is physically exhaustingB) they find it hard to exercise while on a dietC) they dont think it possible to walk 3 miles every dayD) they find consulting caloric-expenditure charts troublesome28. “Even exercise professionals concede half a point here” (Line 3, Para. 2) means “They . ”A) agree that the calories in a small piece of pastry can be difficult to work off by exerciseB) partially believe diet plays a supporting role in weight reductionC) are not fully convinced that dieting can help maintain ones new weightD) are not sufficiently informed of the positive role of exercise in losing weight29. What was confirmed by the Boston University Medical Centers study?A) Controlling ones calorie intake is more important than doing exercise.B) Even occasional exercise can help reduce weight.C) Weight reduction is impossible without exercise.D) One could lose ten pounds in a years time if theres no increase in food intake.30. What is the authors purpose in writing this article? A) To justify the study of the Boston University Medical Center. B) To stress the importance of maintaining proper weight. C) To support the statement made by York Onnen. D) To show the most effective way to lose weight.1、列举处常考 列举处指的是First,，second, ，Third, 等逐步列出；或者在主题句之后有两个以上的支撑句来阐述主题句。考题要求考生从列举出的内容中，选出符合题干要求的答案项。该考点常出题型是细节事实题。第26题就属于此类型考题。文章在第一段说，美国很多人都没有意识到锻炼对保持体重的重要作用，首先作者说他们宁愿喝轻度啤酒或者吃低热量的饼干，然后引用“疾病防止中心”的报告，指出不到四分之一的体重超重的美国人使用节食辅以体育锻炼减肥的。通过这两层意思，读者可以知道美国人忽视了体育锻炼在减肥方面的作用，因此正确答案是B) They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weight。2、原因结果处常考这是考生必须注意的地方。作者在文章中有时会用表示原因“since，because，for ，in that”，或者结果“as a result， therefore ，hence， thus，so ”等信息词。考生在阅读时，要边读边在这些信息词的下面作上记号，以便查寻信息。有时文章中虽然没有这些信息词，但是根据上下文句意，包含了因果关系，也是值得考生注意的。27. Some people dislike exercise because . 此题就属于这种考点题。在第2自然段段开头，作者说美国人拒绝锻炼，（是因为）当他们看到热量消耗表时就泄气了，接着作者举例说因为人们必须快走三英里才能够消耗掉一个小甜饼里的275卡的热量。还引用专家的话，表明运动太辛苦了。因此正确答案是A) they think it is physically exhausting。3、引用人物论断处常考 作者为了正确表达出自己观点或使论点更有依据，常常引用某名人的论断或重要发现等。命题者常在此作文章。多以推理性题为主，有时也出细节事实性题型。引用，顾名思义，就是把别人的话用引号放在自己的文章中，加上诸如“he says ，he said ，professor Smith thinks , he concludes ”等词。因此，考生看到有引用的地方，就要“条件反射地”做上记号，因为此处极有可能就是考点。第28题就是关于对人物论断的理解。“Even exercise professionals concede half a point here” (Line 3, Para. 2) means “They . ” 文章第2自然段中有一句引用Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight, says York Onnen。此题为推断性题型。我们可以通过对他所说话的理解，推断出答案为D) are not sufficiently informed of the positive role of exercise in losing weight。 4、举例子打比喻的地方常考 为了使自己的观点更有说服力、更加明确，作者经常用具体的例子打比方，句中常由as, such as, for example, for instance等引导的短语或句子作为举例句，这些例句或比喻成为命题者提问的焦点。考生需注意的是例子或比喻一般是和文章或段落中心紧密相关的，常以细节事实性题型和推断性题型出现，但偏倾于推断性题型。文章第3自然段主题句为Still, exercises supporting role in weight reduction is vital. 接着作者就举例说明。A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight. 此题为细节事实性，答案为C) Weight reduction is impossible without exercise. 这篇文章的最后问题是30. What is the authors purpose in writing this article? 这是一个关于主题思想和作者写作目的的题。要做对这一类型的题也不难。也是有一定的技巧和方法的。我在以前的文章中谈过，一般表达主题思想的模式有五种：即：总和模式、重述模式、提问型、定义型以及花开两朵，各表一枝型。这篇文章的模式显然是属于总和模式。作者在第1自然段说锻炼的作用很大，然而许多人没有完全意识到这一点。第2自然段作者阐述为什么人们不喜欢锻炼；第三段作者说锻炼的作用是很大的。还引用专家的研究来证实。最后作者建议人们在节食的同时，如果能够进行锻炼的话，就一定能受到良好的效果。全文一气呵成，行文十分流畅，观点也十分鲜明，即节食加锻炼是有效的减肥方法。因此正确答案为D) To show the most effective way to lose weight. 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