语言学语言学教程测试题及答案.doc

1.判断题： We were all born with the ability to acquire language, which means the details of any language system can be genetically transmitted. 正确 错误 参考答案： 错误 2.单选题： _ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education. A. Linguistic theory B. Practical linguistics C. Comparative linguistics D. Applied linguistics 参考答案： D 3.单选题： Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human _ A. contact B. communication C. relation D. community 参考答案： B 4.判断题： Only human beings are able to communicate. 正确 错误 参考答案： 错误 5.填空题： Saussure put forward two important concepts. _refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.参考答案： langue6.判断题： The conventional nature of language is illustrated by a famous quotation from Shakespears play Romeo and Juliet: “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet”. 正确 错误 参考答案： 正确 7.填空题： Linguistic potential is similar to Saussures langue and Chomskys_ 参考答案： competence8.判断题： Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history. 正确 错误 参考答案： 错误 9.填空题： The description of a language as it changes through time is a _ study. 参考答案： diachronic10.填空题： Linguistics is the_ study of language. 参考答案： scientific11.填空题： One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of _ over writing. 参考答案： speech12.填空题： Modern linguistics is _ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe.参考答案： descriptive13.单选题： Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? A. tree B. typewriter C. crash D. bang 参考答案： A 14.判断题： F. de Saussure, who made the distinction between langue and parole in the early 20th century, was a French linguist. 正确 错误 参考答案： 错误 15.单选题： _ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language users knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances. A. Performance B. Competence C. Langue D. Parole 参考答案： A 16.判断题： Language is written because writing is the primary medium for all languages. 正确 错误 参考答案： 错误 17.单选题： Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? A. Transferability B. Duality C. Displacement D. Arbitrariness 参考答案： C 【quiz2 phonology】测试总分： 18 分【jenny1027】的测试概况：(得分： 18 分)1.填空题： In phonological analysis the words fail / veil are distinguishable simply because of the two phonemes /f/ - /v/. This is an example for illustrating _ 参考答案： minimal pairs 2.填空题： Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the coming _from the lungs. 参考答案： air stream3.判断题： According to the length or tenseness of the pronunciation, vowels can be divided into long vs. short or tense vs. lax. 正确 错误 参考答案： 正确 4.判断题： In English, all the back vowels are rounded. 正确 错误 参考答案： 错误 5.填空题： In English there are a number of_, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions. 参考答案： diphthongs6.填空题： According to the feature of voicing, consonant sounds can be either _ or _ , while all vowel sounds are _ . 参考答案： voiced voiceless voiced7.单选题： Pitch variation is known as _ when its patterns are imposed on sentences. A. intonation B. tone C. pronunciation D. voice 参考答案： A 8.单选题： Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation? A. n B. m C. b D. p 参考答案： A 9.判断题： In English, all the front vowels and the central vowels are unrounded. 正确 错误 参考答案： 正确 10.单选题： Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds? A. Acoustic phonetics B. Articulatory phonetics C. Auditory phonetics D. None of the above 参考答案： B 11.单选题： What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating? A. Voiceless B. Voiced C. Glottal stop D. Consonant 参考答案： B 12.填空题： Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without _ . 参考答案： obstruction13.判断题： Suprasegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger than the segment-phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence. 正确 错误 参考答案： 正确 14.判断题： p is a voiced bilabial stop. 正确 错误 参考答案： 错误 15.判断题： Acoustic phonetics is concerned with the perception of speech sounds. 正确 错误 参考答案： 错误 16.单选题： Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels? A. i: B. u C. e D. i 参考答案： B 【quiz3 Morphology】1.填空题： Bound morphemes are classified into two types: _ and _. 参考答案： derivational morphemes inflectional morphemes2.填空题： _is a reverse process of derivation, and therefore is a process of shortening. 参考答案： Back-formation3.单选题： The three subtypes of affixes are: prefix, suffix and _. A. derivational affix B. inflectional affix C. infix D. back-formation 参考答案： C 4.单选题： Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as _. A. content words B. grammatical words C. function words D. form words 参考答案： A 5.填空题： _is extremely productive, because English had lost most of its inflectional endings by the end of the Middle English period, which facilitated the use of words interchangeably as verbs or nouns, verbs or adjectives, and vice versa. 参考答案： Conversion6.单选题： _ is a way in which new words may be formed from already existing words by subtracting an affix which is thought to be part of the old word. A. affixation B. back-formation C. insertion D. addition 参考答案： B 7.填空题： A small set of conjunctions, prepositions and pronouns belong to _class, while the largest part of nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs belong to_ class.参考答案： closed open8.单选题： The words like smog and motel are formed by _. A. blending B. clipping C. back-formation D. acronymy 参考答案： A 9.单选题： In English ise and tion are called _. A. prefixes B. suffixes C. infixes D. stems 参考答案： B 10.填空题： A word formed by derivation is called a _, and a word formed by compounding is called a _.参考答案： derivative compound11.单选题： The word DINK is formed in the way of _. A. acronymy B. clipping C. compounding D. blending 参考答案： A 12.单选题： There are _ morphemes in the word denationalization. A. three B. four C. five D. six 参考答案： C 13.单选题： Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called _ morpheme. A. inflectional B. free C. bound D. derivational 参考答案： A 【quiz4-syntax】1.填空题： Words which introduce the sentence complement are termed _ 参考答案： complementizers2.判断题： Minor lexical categories are open because these categories are not fixed and new members are allowed for. 正确 错误 参考答案： 错误 3.填空题： _is a syntactic unit that functions as part of a larger unit within a sentence 参考答案： Constituent4.填空题： There are two levels of syntactic structures. The first, formed by the XP rule in accordance with the heads sub-categorization properties, is called _. The second, corresponding to the final syntactic form of the sentence which results from appropriate transformations, is called _. 参考答案： deep structure surface structure5.填空题： Infl is the short form of _, an abstract category which indicates _ and _. 参考答案： inflection tense agreement6.填空题： Major lexical categories play a very important role in sentence formation. They differ from minor lexical categories in that they are often _ assumed to be the around which phrases are built. 参考答案： heads7.判断题： In English syntactic analysis, four phrasal categories are commonly recognized and discussed, namely, noun phrase, verb phrase, infinitive phrase, and auxiliary phrase. 正确 错误 参考答案： 错误 8.判断题： A noun phrase must contain a noun, but other elements are optional. 正确 错误 参考答案： 正确 9.填空题： _ is the inversion operation involving the movement of a word from the head position in one phrase into the head position in another phrase. 参考答案： head movement10.填空题： Sentence head- _ position can be taken by an _ or an abstract category encoded in a verb which indicates the sentences _. 参考答案： Infl auxiliary tense11.填空题： Syntax is _ that studies how words are combined to form sentences and the _ the formation of sentences. 参考答案： a branch of linguistics rules that govern12.判断题： Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category. 正确 错误 参考答案： 正确 13.判断题： In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other. 正确 错误 参考答案： 正确 14.判断题： The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend. 正确 错误 参考答案： 正确 15.填空题： the XP rule (revised): XP- _ + _ + _ 参考答案：(Specifier) X (Complement*) 16.填空题： Wh-movement: Move a wh-phrase to the position under CP. 参考答案： specifier 【quiz5 semantics】1.填空题： _ opposites may be seen in terms of degrees of the quality involved. 参考答案： Gradable2.单选题： The semantic components of the word “man” can be expressed as_. A. +human, +male, -adult B. +human, -male, -adult C. +human, +male, +adult D. +human, -male, +adult 参考答案： C 3.填空题： _ analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning components. 参考答案： componential4.单选题： A word with several meaning is called_. A. an abnormal word B. a polysemic word C. a synonymous word D. None of the above 参考答案： B 5.单选题： What is the meaning relationship between the two words “flower/tulip”? A. Polysemy B. Homonymy C. Hyponymy D. Antonymy 参考答案： C 6.填空题： The semantic component of the word _ are +Human, +Adult, +male, -Married. 参考答案： bachelor7.填空题： According to the “semantic triangle” presented by Ogden and Richards, the symbol or _ refers to the linguistic elements(words, sentences, etc.), the _ refers to the object in the world of experience and the thought or reference refers to concept. 参考答案： form referent8.单选题： We call the relation between “animal” and “cow” as_. A. polysemy B. antonymy C. homophony D. hyponymy 参考答案： D 9.单选题： Which description of componential analysis for the word “woman” is right? A. +human, -adult, -male B. +human, +adult, -male C. +human, +adult, +male D. +human, -adult, +male 参考答案： B 10.单选题： What is the meaning relationship between the two words “rose/tulip”? A. polysemy B. hyponymy C. homophony D. co-hyponyms 参考答案： D 11.单选题： The pair of words “wide/narrow” are called_. A. gradable opposites B. complementary antonyms C. co-hyponyms D. relational opposites 参考答案： A 12.单选题： The pair of words “borrow/lend” are called _. A. relational opposites B. synonyms C. complementaries D. gradable opposites 参考答案： A 【quiz6 Pragmatics】1.单选题： What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _ is considered. A. reference B. speech act C. practical usage D. context 参考答案： D 2.单选题： According to Searle, the illocutionary point of the representative is _. A. to get the hearer to do something B. to commit the speaker to somethings being the case C. to commit the speaker to some future course of action D. to express the feelings or attitude towards an existing state of affairs 参考答案： B 3.填空题： A(n) _ act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology.参考答案： locutionary4.单选题： A sentence is a _ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation. A. pragmatic B. grammatical C. mental D. conceptual 参考答案： B 5.填空题： A(n) _ act is the act of expressing the speakers intention; it is the act performed in saying something.参考答案： illocutionary6.填空题： There are four maxims under the cooperative principle: the maxim of _, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation and the maxim of manner. 参考答案： quantity7.判断题： The meaning of a sentence is abstract, but context-dependent 正确 错误 参考答案： 错误 8.填空题： _ were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable. 参考答案： Performatives9.判断题： It would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the context of language use was left unconsidered. 正确 错误 参考答案： 正确 10.单选题： When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, _ might arise. A. impoliteness B. contradictions C. mutual understanding D. conversational implicatures 参考答案： D 11.判断题： The meaning of an utterance is decontexualized, therefore stable. 正确 错误 参考答案： 错误 12.填空题： A(n