2011级成人教育英语语言学试卷A参考答案.doc

装订线 系别 年级 专业 班级 姓名 学号 装订线 系别 年级 专业 班级 姓名 学号 保定学院学历教育 2011 级 英语 专业考试科目： 语言学概论 A卷题号一二三四五总分得分参 考 答 案DIRECTIONS: PLEASE WRITE YOUR ANSWERS ON THE ANSWER SHEET!I. Complete each of the following statements. (20%) 1. prescriptive 2. meaning 3. langue 4.displacement5. arbitrary vocal6. allophones7. nucleus8. primary9. supersegmentals10. bound11. roots affixes12. syntax13. coordinationsubordination14. masculinefeminineneuter 15.hyponyms评分标准：每空1分，拼写错误不得分。II. Multiple Choice: Choose ONE best answer from the following choices to complete the each of the statements.(20%) 1-5_BCBAB_6-10_ADBCC_评分标准：每题2分。III. Describe the following speech sounds. (25%)/s/: voiceless alveolar fricative/d/: voiced alveolar stop/l/: alveolar approximant/v/: voiced labiodental fricative/e/: mid front lax unrounded vowel评分标准：每题5分。 IV.Define the following terms with examples if necessary.(20%)1. Morpheme: the smallest unit of language in terms of the relationship between the expression and content, a unit that cannot be divided into further smaller units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical. Morphemes can be divided into different types on different dimensions: a. Free morphemes vs bound morphemes; b. Lexical morphemes vs grammatical morphemes; c. Derivational vs inflectional morphemes.2. Performative function: one of the basic functions of human language. By performative function, we basically mean that language can be used to perform some actions under the proper situation with specific rite. The performative function of language is primarily to change the social status of persons, such as in marriage ceremonies, when the priest announced the marriage of a pair of young people, they will become lawfully admitted couple. On some religious or magical occasions, the performative function can extend to the control of reality.3. Exocentric construction refers to a group of syntactially related words where none of the the words is functionally equivalent to the group as a whole, that is there is no definable center or head inside the group. Exocentric construction usu. Includes basic sentence, PP, predicate construction, and connective construction.4. Blending: is a relatively complex form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining together the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by only joining the initial part of the two words. For example, telephone+exchange=telex.评分标准：每题5分。要求将术语意义解释清楚，同时举例说明。可根据自己理解进行做答。意义理解正确举例合适且表达准确者得4-5分。意义理解正确但表达有错误得3-4分。理解完全错误或者不写者0分。V. Answer the following questions.(15%)2. Key points: a. Informative; b. Interpersonal; c. Performative; d. Emotive; e. Phatic communion; f. Recreational; g. Metalingual.The students can choose four of the a