2019年高考英语考纲解读专题20任务型阅读（七选五）热点难点突破.docx

专题20 任务型阅读（七选五）一、A daily multivitamin may give your wellbeing an extra benefit，but if youve ever swallowed one and felt sick right after，you know its hardly a pleasant experience. _1._ Youre taking vitamins on an empty stomach.Vitamins that are more acid in nature，like vitamin C，may cause nausea(恶心)if theyre consumed on an empty stomach.Vitamins A，D，E and K，unlike some others，may be better absorbed when not taken with food. _2._ Vitamins are like medicines in that they can act on each other and other medicines youre taking. _3._ Some research suggests that multivitamins could cause side effects when taken at the same time with high estrogen(雌激素)levels.Theres a lot of iron in your pill.Multivitamins that contain a lot of iron or iron supplements themselves can cause nausea.This is especially true if youre taking them outside of a meal.Iron is interesting in that its best absorbed on an empty stomach，but its hardest to take on an empty stomach because of the nausea. _4._ It might decrease the absorption a little bit but its better than nothing.Allergic reaction side effects.Since multivitamins contain so many vitamins and minerals，allergic reactions are certainly possible.Mild allergic reactions can include itchiness(痒) and a few hives(荨麻疹). _5._ Should you experience more advanced signs of an allergic reaction，such as trouble breathing，chest pain，widespread hives or a swollen facial region，visit the closest emergency room immediately.The lable on your vitamins should provide directions for taking them.Check the information before taking them to see what else you should know.AYoure taking vitamins with other medicines.BBelow are a few reasons why multivitamins may be making you ill.CIts important to discuss with an expert the timing of these vitamins.DThese stomach issues can be extremely disturbing.EIts better to take it with food than trying taking it on an empty stomach.FIf you experience these side effects，stop use and contact your doctor.GPlease review the combinations to make sure there are no harmful interactions.文章大意：本文主要讲述了服用多种维生素可能让人感到不适的几种原因。3.G解析：本句出现在段落中间，起到承上启下的作用。上文讲的是，各种维生素之间以及维生素与其他药物之间会相互作用；下文讲的是，当雌激素水平高时服用多种维生素可能引起副作用，所以G项符合语境。G项的意思是“请检查一下混合物(多种维生素)，确保它们之间没有有害的相互作用”。4.E解析：本句出现在段落中间，起到承上启下的作用。上文讲的是，多种维生素中的铁在空腹时服用吸收效果是最好的，但空腹服用会让人恶心；下文讲的是，这可能会吸收得少一点，但总比一点也不吸收要好，所以E项符合语境。E项的意思是“比起试图空腹服用来说，跟食物一起服用多种维生素更好一些”。5.F解析：本句出现在段落中间，起到承上启下的作用。上文讲的是，轻微的过敏反应症状；下文讲的是较重的过敏反应症状，所以F项“如果你感受到了这些副作用，就不要服用了，要联系你的医生”符合语境。 二、Whether theyre for a teenager or not，all great stories have certain elements： they have interesting characters we enjoy reading about； they show these characters in a world we can recognize and understand. _1._ The main character faces a problem，usually quite a serious one.The thing that most draws us to reading the story is the way the character deals with the problemwhether the character gets the better of it，or it gets the better of the character.Characters in a book for young adults are generally young adults themselves. _2._ On the one hand，theyre not children anymore.Theyre growing up and want to stretch their wings.On the other hand，theyre not yet adults.They cant do certain things，as theyre not yet able to do them or because the world tells them that they cant.To make things even more complicated，almost all young adults feel at some point that the whole growingup process is happening too quickly. _3._ This year，TEENS has selected seven of the ten books； nominated(提名) for the US 2017 National Book Awards in the categories of Young Peoples Literature.Some stories are specifically written for teenagers or young adults，meaning that their authors are very sensitive to the “inbetween” nature of teenage life.Theyre about problems that appear for young people because of tensions between them and their parents and teachers，their siblings(兄弟姐妹)，or wider society.Often，these problems are presented very seriously by writers. _4._ At the same time，fiction isnt supposed to be just about the challenges people face in life，but also about how people overcome those problems. _5._ They discover something about themselves that they never knew before，and which enables them to succeed.And the solution that they find opens the future up to them，setting them on the path to adulthood.AAnd they are in a challenging period of life.BBut most importantly，great stories have a central drama.CTo some degree，challenges bring out the best in characters.DBut thats what young adults want in fiction：to be taken seriously.EThey want to hold back a little and remain a child a little longer.FThese are stories that someone of any age could pick up and enjoy.GWhen closing a good book，we feel weve learned something about ourselves.文章大意：本篇文章是文学艺术类说明文。作者主要分析了优秀的小说的特点，着重分析了写给年轻人看的小说。2.A解析：本空出现在段落中。根据后面的“On the one hand，theyre not children anymore.Theyre growing up and want to stretch their wings.On the other hand，theyre not yet adults.They cant do certain things，as theyre not yet able to do them or because the world tells them that they cant”可以看出，这个时候的年轻人有着非常矛盾的心理感受，一方面想去做一些事情，另一方面又有一些事情不能做，所以答案是A“他们处于人生中一个很有挑战性的阶段”。3.E解析：本句出现在段尾。根据上文中的“To make things even more complicated，almost all young adults feel at some point that the whole growingup process is happening too quickly”可知，几乎所有的年轻人都会在某个阶段感觉整个成长过程发生得太快了，所以，他们希望时光能倒回一点，让他们再当一段时间的小孩子，所以答案是E。4.D解析：本句出现在段尾。根据上文中的“Often，these problems are presented very seriously by writers”可知，作者通常会很认真地展现这些问题，而D项“但这正是年轻人在小说中想要(看到)的被认真对待”能很好地承接上文，所以答案是D。三、Last week the electricity in my flat went out.I had just got home from work and was happily making my tea，when all of a sudden I was surrounded by complete darkness.I tried to fix it but failed.I had to wait for an electrician to come in the morning. _1._ I sat down to eat my halfcooked dinner.And then I wasnt really sure what to do.My typical evening is spent watching the TV and looking through social media. _2._ So for me it was an early night.And I couldnt help but think，do we rely too much on electricity？ That night，losing our electricity felt like losing a basic necessity.As basic as running water. _3._ I use electricity all the time，even when its not really necessary. _4._ It contributes to global warming.It is harming our environment and we need to do what we can to stop it.Not only that，but if we continue to use the same large amount of energy we will soon run out.So，shouldnt we start preparing for it now？ Cutting back on our use of electricity would make losing it slower，and also save energy resources so that they could last for longer. _5._ And if everyone does the same，we can make a big difference.ATonight this wasnt possible.BObviously，we cant survive without it.COur overuse of electricity is a big problem.DThis left me a whole night without any electricity.EElectricity brings us convenience and trouble.FBut really，electricity is a luxury that weve grown to take for granted.GI know for sure that I could cut down on my use of electricity.文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。下班回家正准备泡茶时，“我”突然遭遇了停电。这次停电经历让“我”反思：我们习惯于使用电，即使在不必要的时候；过度用电导致全球变暖、环境破坏；节约用电，从我做起！2.A解析：根据空处前一句“My typical evening is spent watching the TV and looking through social media”可知，“我”一般习惯在晚上看电视以及浏览社交媒体；结合上文停电的叙述可知，今晚(做这些)是不可能了，故A项正确。3.F解析：根据空前两句可知，停电让人感觉像是失去了自来水一样的必需品；根据空处后一句“I use electricity all the time，even when its not really necessary”可知，即使在没有必要的时候，“我”也在使用电。据此可知，F项“但事实上，电是一种奢侈品，我们将它视为理所当然的东西”，符合语境。此处luxury和necessity形成对比关系。4.C解析：结合空后两句“It contributes to global warming.It is harming our environment and we need to do what we can to stop it”可知，过度用电导致全球变暖，破坏了我们的环境；据此可以判断，空处介绍过度用电这个问题，故C项与此处匹配。5.G解析：根据空处前一句“Cutting back on our use of electricity would make losing it slower，and also save energy resources so that they could last for longer”可知，节约用电将会减缓资源损失速度；结合空处后一句“And if everyone does the same，we can make a big difference”可知，如果每个人都做同样的事情，那么我们将起到很大的作用；G项承上启下，故G项与此处匹配。四What to Do When Someone Doesnt Like YouWhen someone tells me “I dont care if people like me”，they are showing me the emotional wall they use to block the hurt of rejection.As humans are social animals，all of us care if people like us.Based on the need for social connection，your reactions to rejection and negative judgment can range from minor hurt to outbreaks of depression. _1._ The first step to handle a negative situation is to recognize your reaction.Ask yourself，“What am I feeling？” _2._ Any betrayal (背叛) or embarrassment in your heart？ Identify what feeling has shown up in your body，so you can choose what to do next. _3._ When you sense yourself shutting down or feeling defensive，ask yourself what the person actually meant to do to you.Did they truly mean to offend you，or make fun of you？ Your brain works very hard to keep you safe，so it will judge a situation as threatening if there is any possibility of social harm.When our brains sense a possible threat，we react as if we were personally attacked.Take a breath to relieve the stress. _4._ Finally，if you believe the person doesnt like you，ask yourself if this matters. _5._ If not，what can you do to release your need to be liked by this person？ And，what can you do to stay neutral and not return the dislike？ The more you can come to accept others as who they are，the more you can move forward with your goals regardless of if someone likes you or not.AIf you can，look the person in his eyes.BDo you feel any fear or anger in your head？CAsk yourself what is true about the situation.DOften people do not realize the impact of their words.EWill the persons judgment of you impact your work or life？FThe ability to let a show of dislike roll off your back is a learned skill.GThis will ground you in the present and take you out of your trembling mind.文章大意：本文主要介绍了摆脱不受别人喜欢的情况的方法和策略。2.B解析：由空处承接上文“Ask yourself，What am I feeling？”可推知，此处表示个人的感情倾向，与下文“Any betrayal(背叛)or embarrassment in your heart”呼应，所以选B项。3.C解析：由空处承接下文“When you sense yourself shutting down or feeling defensive，ask yourself what the person actually meant to do to you”可知，本段讲的是要搞清楚真实的状况，然后再具体地应对，故选C项。4.G解析：由空处承接上文“Take a breath to relieve the stress”可推知，空处应进一步讲这样做的好处，所以选G项。5.E解析：由空处承接上文“Finally，if you believe the person doesnt like you，ask yourself if this matters”可推知，搞清楚他人的不喜欢对自己是否有影响对接下来的应对很重要，这种影响可能是工作或生活上的，所以选E项。五、How to Be Productive in a Challenging EnvironmentA lot of organizations deal with challenges like maintaining productivity and quality of work. _1._ In this article，well share with you a few essential tips on staying focused at work.Prepare a todo list.Half the battle is won once you prioritize (优先处理)your tasks.Make a list of what need to be done.Plan your day through these lists and set realistic deadlines to accomplish each one of them. _2._ Schedule your work.Dont overstretch yourself with your work. _3._ To avoid burnout，take a walk to renew your brain，allowing it to concentrate better.Though breaks are essential for a healthy workday，you must learn to take them with a pinch of salt.Frequent breaks can be addictive and can affect your work. _4._ Nowadays，being online on various social media platforms is a trend.Several notifications (通知) pop up every now and then，commanding your attention.If you are constantly attending to such notifications，how are you supposed to do meaningful work？ While working on an important project，set your phone to silent mode or switch it off.If you really want to stay updated with your social media accounts，you can set specialized time slots to check your phone.Cut outside noise.Until you do away with noise，you wont be able to focus.Limiting auditory distractions is crucial in increasing your attention span.You can use noisecanceling headphones for that. _5._ In case that doesnt solve the problem，choose remote work for a day or two to regain your lost focus.Keep on practicing these positive habits and youll surely see a noticeable improvement in your productivity level at work.AAvoid distractions.BTake regular exercise.CRather，split your work into parts.DChanging your working environment may have unexpected benefits.EWhen you start prioritizing tasks，you wont just be focused but efficient，too.FIf you still cant concentrate，move to a quieter place，such as a conference room.GManagers are pressed to motivate their team members while boosting their productivity.文章大意：本文主要介绍了在工作中保持专注的一些建议。1.G解析：根据本空前的句子“A lot of organizations deal with challenges like maintaining productivity and quality of work”可知，许多组织要应对既要保持生产效率又要保证工作质量的挑战。本题中的“productivity and quality of work”为关键词，故选G项。 4.A解析：根据上下文可知，本空为本段小标题，根据本段中的“While working on an important project，set your phone to silent mode or switch it off”可知，在做重要工作的时候要把手机调成静音或者关掉。因此本段主要讲的是在工作的时候要专心，不要分心，故选A项。5.F解析：根据本段小题Cut outside noise及本空前的句子“You can use noisecanceling headphones for that”和空后的句子“In case that doesnt solve the problem，choose remote work.”可知，前面讲了你可以使用消音耳机来消除外界的噪音，后面又讲了如果那也解决不了问题的话可以采用的方法。故本空应与上下文一致，介绍远离噪音的方法，F项(如果你仍然不能集中精力的话，搬到更安静的地方，比如会议室)符合题意。六、A gratitude journal is a great way to keep yourself in a positive state of mind.This article will offer some tips for starting and keeping one.Make it a role to write down things you are thankful for per day. _1._ This will make writing the journal more challenging as time goes on，but thats how your awareness and thankfulness will grow.Youll find new things to be thankful for that you hardly noticed before.Write about extended material things in your life. _2._ For example，if you love to paint，you may be grateful for the paints that you have.Or，if you like music，you may be grateful for your CD collections. _3._ You can start by feeling grateful to be alive.Avoid the trap of being grateful for something that is better than what others have.Instead，compare whatever you are grateful for with how you would feel if you didnt have it.Think about your abilities.You may start with basic abilities like your ability to see and hear. _4._ Think about skillful things like dancing and singing，and your character like your skills in cheering up people or your skills in being a good friend.Consider the people in your life.Think about all the people you are grateful to and write down the reasons.Its also good to write about the people that you dont really like and find a reason to appreciate them. _5._ After all，there is good in everyone.AAvoid repeating the same things.BDescribe how you are grateful for what you have.CThis can be difficult but very uplifting.DThen progress to those that are unique to you.EFeel grateful for any advantage you may have.FThese things vary greatly depending on your interests.GIn this way，everything will become more heartwarming.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些写感恩日志的建议。2.F解析：下文说，如果你喜欢画画，你可能会感激你所拥有的颜料，或者，如果你喜欢音乐，你可能会感激你的CD收藏。F项表示这些事情会因你的兴趣而有很大不同，前后逻辑一致，其中love to paint和like music与interests对应，故选F项。3.B解析：结合其他段可知，空处位于段首，为段落主题句。下文提到你可以从感激自己活着开始，而B项表示“描述你是如何感激你所拥有的”，符合语境，其中what you have亦为提示，故选B项。4.D解析：本段的主旨是想想你自己的能力。上文提到你可以从感激你有基本的能力开始，如看和听的能力；下文提到思考一些需要技巧的事情，如跳舞和唱歌；前后为递进关系，D项提到然后感激那些你特有的能力，前后语义衔接，故选D项。5.C解析：上文提到把你不喜欢的人写下来，找一个欣赏他们的理由也很好，根据常识及下文可知，空处应表示这可能很难，但非常令人振奋，故选C项。七、Many people think only professionalsengineers，accountants，teachers，etc.have careers. _1._ Even if youve never had a paid job，you still have a career.Your career is the sum of your life and work.It includes all your activities and experiences.Your schooling，your volunteer work，and even your relationships with your family are all big parts of your career. _2._ During your career，you will have a variety of jobs，occupations and roles.People used to think of a job as fulltime，permanent，paid work done for an employer at a work site.But in our changing world，a job is a set of duties or tasks.It can be paid or unpaid. _3._ Even someone who is selfemployed has a job.An occupation is a group of jobs with similar responsibilities that require a common set of skills. _4._ Programmers may have permanent or temporary jobs working for specific employers，be selfemployed，work fulltime or parttime，be paid for their work or volunteer their services.They may change jobs or hold several jobs at one time but，until they change the type of duties or tasks they perform，they are still computer programmers. _5._ We all play a number of roles in our lives and our roles often change over time.For example，Kris works four days a week as a receptionist in a clinic and takes evening courses in social work.She also sews gymnastic wear for her neighbor who sells it at summer markets.Now Kris has at least three roles.AA role is a part you play.BActually everyone has a career.CIn other words，your career is your life story.DFor example，a computer programmer is an occupation.EAs a matter of fact，a job is different from a role in some way.FIt can be completed at a work site，at home，or somewhere else.GThe following is about your work，your family，and your life story.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了每个人都有自己的事业。在事业生涯中，每个人都会从事各种各样的工作、职业、担任各种各样的角色。2.C解析：根据前一句“你的教育，你的志愿者工作，甚至你和你的家人的关系都是你事业的重要组成部分”可知，C选项“换句话说，你的事业就是你的生活故事”是对上文的总结，故选C。3.F解析：根据上文中的“But in our changing world，a job is a set of duties or tasks.It can be paid or unpaid”可知，在不断变化的世界里，我们对工作的认识有所变化，且根据空前“It can be paid or unpaid”的句式结构可知选F。4.D解析：根据空处前一句“职业是一组具有相似职责的工作，需要一套共同的技能”和空处后对“Programmers”的工作介绍可知，D项符合语境，起到承上启下的作用，为下文举例说明什么是职业做好铺垫。 八、Helen Keller once wrote，“The unselfish effort to bring cheer to others will be the beginning of a happier life for ourselves.” _1._ The UN has set December 5 as International Volunteer Day to give recognition to these people.Nineteenyearold Andrew Makhoul was a communications major at the University of Pennsylvania.It was coming up to spring