呼吸系统29558ppt课件

2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,1,呼 吸 系 统,Respiratory System,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,2,一、气管及支气管 (trachea and bronchi),(一)粘 膜,(二)粘膜下层：,(三)外 膜,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,3,1.上皮：假复层纤毛柱状 2.固有层：C.T，EF、免疫C多。,(一)粘 膜,疏松结缔组织，有气管腺， 交界处：散在SM。,(二)粘膜下层,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,4,纤维膜， 16-20个“C”形的透明软骨环,(三)外 膜,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,5,二、肺 (lung),2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,6,浆膜：胸膜脏层 肺实质： 肺叶、肺段支气管 小支气管 细支气管 导气部 肺 终末 小 呼吸性 叶 肺泡管 呼吸部 肺泡囊 (换气部) 肺泡 肺间质：CT,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,7,支气管树（bronchial tree）: 支气管在肺内的反复分支呈树枝状,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,8,肺小叶(pulmonary lobule) ： 每一细支气管及各级分支和肺泡,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,9,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,10,(一）肺导气部,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,11,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,12,小支气管光镜图,软骨碎片,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,13,小支气管壁光镜图,软骨碎片,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,14,细支气管光镜图,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,15,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,16,(二)肺呼吸部,1.呼吸性细支气管： 有肺泡开口； 上皮：单立 壁不完整 2.肺泡管： 大量肺泡开口； 壁极不完整结节状膨大。 3.肺泡囊： 数个肺泡共同开口处 ； 无管壁自身结构。,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,17,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,18,呼吸性细支气管光镜图,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,19,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,20,肺泡管,肺泡囊,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,21,4、肺泡(pulmonary alveoli)：,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,22,1）肺泡上皮： a、型肺泡C： 胞体扁平，胞核椭圆 占肺泡表面积95%， 血液与气体交换部位。,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,23,b、型肺泡细胞：, 立方、圆形， 突向肺泡腔， 质浅，有核周亮圈， 嗜锇性板层小体 分泌表面活性物质， 肺泡表面张力， 稳定肺泡大小。,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,24,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,25,2)肺泡隔(alveolar septum),位置：肺泡壁间CT 结构： 连续性Cap EF多 巨噬C,肺巨噬细胞： 形成：单核C演化而来； 分布：肺泡隔、肺泡腔内。 尘细胞(dust cell)，心衰细胞。,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,26,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,27,macrophage,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,28,3)气-血屏障(blood-air barrier),定义： 从 肺泡腔 到 Cap腔所经过的结构。 组成： 肺泡表面活性物质层 肺泡上皮 上皮基膜 Cap内皮基膜 内皮 意义： 通透性大，有利气体交换。,2019/5/14,Attitude