小学英语语法及习题.doc

小学英语语法及习题一、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍 【No. 1】一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。【No. 2】一般现在时的构成1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。【No. 3】一般现在时的变化1. be动词的变化。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如：He doesnt play.一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?动词+s的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如： wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes,do-does3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 4.不规则的：have-has一般现在时用法专练:一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _come_ watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_ teach_二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _(do) your homework well.15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20.What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday.3、 按照要求改写句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)_2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)_ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)_6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)_7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)_8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)_9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)_五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1. Isyour brother speak English? _2. Does he likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class. _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _二、现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为： 疑问词 + be + 动词ing?动词加ing的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting,ride-riding3重读闭音节的动词（辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母）双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing . cut -cutting put -putting begin -beginningrun-running, stop-stopping pat-patting swim-swimming put-puttingget-getting sit- sitting begin-beginning shop-shopping4.以ie结尾的动词，把变成y再加ing lie - lying tie - tying die - dying 现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_ write_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its 5oclock now. We _(have)supper now.10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)_2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_3Im playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)_4Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问) 三、一般过去时（1）基本用法1. 一般过去时通常用来表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况。如：- Where were you last week? 上周你在哪儿？- I was at my uncles home in the countryside. （上周）我在乡下的叔叔家。2. 有些情况，发生时间没有明确标明，但实际上是过去发生的，应用过去时态；另外，在谈到已故去的人时，也多用过去时。如：He bought a cat, and now they are good friends. 他买了一只猫，现在他们是好朋友了。Lu Xun was a great writer. 鲁迅是一位伟大的作家。（2）时间状语与一般过去时连用的时间状语有：yesterday（昨天）, last night（昨晚）, last week（上个星期）, four days ago（四天前）, in 2002（在2002年）, just now（刚才）, the day before yesterday（前天）等。如：He went to the park yesterday. 她昨天去了花园。 I was ten years old in 2001. 我2001年才10岁。（3）动词的过去式在一般过去时态中会涉及到动词的过去式，大家要掌握规则动词的过去式的变化规则。其基本的变化规则如下： 一般情况下，在动词原形后直接ed。如：play played , look looked 。 以e结尾的动词在其后加d。如：like liked, use used。 与辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变成i 再加ed。 如：carry carried, marry - married。 以重读闭音节（或r音节）结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加ed。如： stop stopped, prefer preferred。当然，刚才提到的都是规则动词的构成，我们还学过许多不规则动词的过去式形式。如： am,is-was, are were, put put, see saw, eat ate，do-did, go-went, come-came, have-had, sing-sang。 等，这些可需要我们在课下牢牢记住哟！一般过去时态小练习 指出下列句中的一处错误，并改正。1. We go to school early yesterday. _2. She buys a dress last week. _3. Did you liked playing football ? _4.- Did you have a good trip ? - No, I did. _5. I enjoied Chinese very much. _ 翻译下列句子，每空一词。1. 你昨晚去哪了？ Where _ you _ last night?2. 我们昨天没有在学校。 We _ at school yesterday.3. 我两小时前在家里。 I was at home _ _ _.4. 你上周六去了动物园吗？ _ you _ to the zoo last Saturday?5. 我去年不喜欢学数学。 I _ like learning math last year.小学阶段不规则动词全表原形 过去式 1. am, is was 2. keep kept3. arewere 4.