（全国版）高考英语Unit3Scienceandnature单元话题语篇训练（每单元3练）（含解析）.docx

Unit 3 Science and nature 单元话题语篇训练（每单元3练）练(一)阅读理解组块专练练速度(限时：35分钟).阅读理解A(2019南昌模拟)About aspirin (阿司匹林)：Aspirin is a commonly used drug which can be taken to relieve discomfort caused by numerous medical problems including headaches, toothache, inflammation and infections.It is also suitable to treat colds and flulike symptoms, and to reduce a high temperature.Who can take aspirin?Adults and children over 16 years of age.Who should not take aspirin?Women who are pregnant, or plan to become pregnant.Aspirin may harm your unborn baby.Women who are breastfeeding.Aspirin can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby.People who have any problems with the way the liver works or with the way the kidneys work.How to take aspirin：Take aspirin after meals, with a full glass of water or milk.The recommended dose (剂量) ranges from two to three tablets at a time. Never take more than 4g (12 tablets) in any 24hour period.You must not take these tablets with any other medicine which contains any aspirin or painkiller.How to store aspirin：Keep all medicines out of the reach and sight of children.Store aspirin in a cool, dry place, away from direct heat and light.Do not put aspirin in the bathroom because the dampness there can cause it to lose its effectivenss.Throw away aspirin that smells strongly of vinegar.Possible side effects：Feeling sick, increased risk of bleeding, stomach pain, indigestion and heartburn are common.If these effects continue, contact your doctor.Ringing in the ears, difficulty breathing, dizziness, and mental confusion are rare.If these occur, stop taking the drug and contact your doctor for further advice.语篇解读：本文主要对药品阿司匹林的适用症状、适用人群、如何服用等问题进行了说明。1In which case will you take aspirin according to the text?AStomachache.BFever.CBreathlessness. DNosebleed.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“It is also suitable to treat colds and flulike symptoms, and to reduce a high temperature”可知，阿司匹林也适用于治疗感冒和类似流感的症状，有利于退热，故选B。2How many times can you take aspirin at most in a day?A6. B4.C5. D3.解析：选A数字计算题。根据How to take aspirin中的“The recommended dose (剂量) ranges from two to three tablets at a time. Never take more than 4g (12 tablets) in any 24hour period”可知，一天服用阿司匹林的次数最多是：12/26(次)，故选A。3What type of writing is this text?AAn announcement. BA medical report.CAn official guide. DMedical instructions.解析：选D推理判断题。根据对全文的整体理解可知，本文是一篇药品说明书，对药品阿司匹林的适用症状、适用人群、如何服用等问题进行了详细的介绍，故选D。B(2019武汉模拟)For years, my time spent in the shower could have got me a mention in Guinness World Records as the shortest time taken to bathe.I hurried up during this process.One day, however, while at a party, I heard an artist friend telling everybody that his idea came while he was having a shower. “What about you？” he asked. “Dont you get your creative thoughts from the same place？”“Im in and out in a hurry，” I told him proudly. “I have no time to waste！”“What a pity，” he said. “Thats the place where you need to slow down; plenty of great thoughts come from there！” I tried it out.I slowed down the whole process, started enjoying the warm water, taking a little longer to soap myself and even spending more time just enjoying the process, and realized how much I had missed in hurrying up all these years.A woman told me how much stress her friend was suffering from and how she sought to convince her that she needed to find ways to relax.She gave her a videotape on stress management and relaxation techniques, and encouraged her to watch it right away.Fifteen minutes later, her friend handed back the tape. “It was good，” she said, “but I dont need it.”“But its a 70minute video，” the woman replied. “You couldnt have watched the whole thing.”“Yes, I did，” her friend said. “I put it in fastforward！”A major social problem of the 21st century is Hurry Sickness.We hurry through work.We swallow fast food.We complain that we dont have enough time.We race through the days and weeks until one day we look back in amazement and comment, “Oh, how the years flew by！” Then we realize the heavy price we have paid for traveling fast.Symptoms of Hurry Sickness include stress and anxiety, bad relationships, poor work performance and even disease.Some people dont survive it.Whats the cure? Slow down, for life is so short and precious that we must live it well.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过叙述“我”在一次聚会与一位艺术家朋友谈及洗澡的时间问题，向我们介绍了21世纪存在的一个主要的社会问题是匆忙症，从而告诉我们：生命是如此短暂和珍贵，我们必须好好地慢下来生活。4What was the advantage of taking a shower in the eyes of the artist friend?ATime was saved. BNothing was missed.CGreat ideas flew away. DCreative thoughts came.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“his idea came while he was having a shower”和“Dont you get your creative thoughts from the same place？”可知，在那位艺术家朋友的眼里，在洗澡时会产生创造性的想法。5What was the trouble with the womans friend?AShe felt stressed.BShe found the tape useless.CShe found no way to relax.DShe watched the tape too fast.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第五段中的“A woman told me how much stress her friend was suffering from”可知，那位女士的朋友感到压力很大。6What is the major social trouble people face in the 21st century in the writers eyes?APeople run fast to work.BEverything is done in a hurry.CPeople dont have enough time.DTime flies without being noticed.解析：选B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“A major social problem of the 21st century is Hurry Sickness”可知，在作者看来，21世纪人们面临的一个主要的社会问题是一切都是匆匆忙忙的。7How can the problem be settled?ABy slowing down.BBy learning to survive.CBy developing friendship.DBy performing good work.解析：选A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Some people dont survive it.Whats the cure? Slow down, for life is so short and precious that we must live it well”可知，我们可以通过放慢脚步来解决这个问题。C(2019成都诊断)Food blogs, celebrities, and nutritionists all advocate the benefits of eating organic (有机的) fruits and vegetables. But a new study published in Science Advances paints a more complex picture. While organic produce is likely slightly healthier to eat and, in some ways, more sustainable to grow, there are also downsides.Organic fruits and vegetables typically cost more than conventional ones. To get a certificate as organic, farmers must meet specific criteria, including growing produce without the use of genetic engineering and chemical inputs. Without these methods, the growing process typically requires more labor, time, and money, a cost that is passed down to consumers.Its true that in many ways, organic farming is more sustainable than conventional farming. But when it comes to environmental concerns such as greenhouse gas output and water loss, the comparison gets complex. Organic farms produce less greenhouse gas output per acre. However, because they are barred from using genetic engineering, pesticides (杀虫剂), and other methods that increase efficiency (效率), organic farms also produce an estimated 19% to 25% less yield than conventional farms. While there isnt a whole lot of research on the topic, the few studies that do exist suggest greenhouse gas output and water loss might actually be higher on organic farms, on a per unit basis, says study author Verena Seufert.In addition, while organic produce is likely more nutritious than conventional fruits and vegetables, theres not a lot of evidence to support the claim that these often slight differences influence consumer health. The same is true for the pesticide remainder. In developed countries, where pesticide use is tightly regulated, theres no scientific consensus on how these often slight differences influence human health.Still, Seufert stresses that if you can afford to eat organic produce, you should do so. Organic farms provide safer work environments for workers, plus they support great biodiversity. The real takeaway from her study is not that organic produce is bad but that the practice needs more studies to increase the yield without lowering sustainability.But if you cant afford to buy organic produce, dont stress too much, particularly from a nutritional perspective.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了有机农产品的一些情况。8What does the underlined word “downsides” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean?ADangers. BDrawbacks.CBenefits. DDifferences.解析：选B词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句可知，虽然有机农产品可能稍微健康些，但在某些方面，也有其缺点。再结合语境和下文陈述的有机农产品的缺点可以判断，画线词应指有机农产品不好的一面，B项意为“缺点”，故B项正确。9Which key factor makes it hard to compare organic farming with conventional farming when it comes to environmental concerns?AThe yield. BThe price.CThe water loss. DThe labor.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，当涉及诸如温室气体排放和水资源损失等环境问题时，比较传统农业和有机农业就困难了；且根据第三段的其他内容可知，虽然有机农业与传统农业相比更可持续，但因为不能使用基因工程技术、杀虫剂及其他提高效率的方法，有机农业的产量相对低，故产量是使得两者之间的比较变得困难的重要因素。A项意为“产量”，故A项正确。10Which of the following will the author most probably agree with?AFarmers work environment should be improved.BOrganic produce should be made more efficiently.CIt isnt wise for consumers to buy organic products.DThe pesticide remainder do no harm to peoples health.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段第四句可知，由于禁止使用基因工程技术和杀虫剂等，有机农场的产量估计会比传统农场的产量低19%至25%。据此可以判断，应当提高有机农业的生产效率，故B项正确。第五段的最后一句亦是提示。11In the authors opinion, why should we support organic produce?AIts environmentally friendly.BIts more nutritious.CIt helps keep the variety of plants.DIts safer for consumers.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第五段第二句可知，有机农场为工人提供更安全的工作环境，而且有机农场有助于保持生物的多样性。据此可以判断，我们应当提倡有机农产品的原因之一是能保持生物的多样性，故C项正确。D(2019济南模拟)Many people traveled to Las Vegas, Nevada during January 5th to 8th, 2017 for the 50th Consumer Electronics Show, or CES. The show is said to have the largest collection of new electronic devices in the world.The show had many examples of “smart home” devices. “Smart home” technology is designed to make life easier for people by letting computers control many things inside their homes. One such device actually begins working outside the home, when someone arrives and rings the doorbell.“When someone comes to your front door and rings the doorbell, the light can turn on immediately. I get a notification when Im halfway around the world that someone came, and I can start talking to the person whos at my front door, and I can say, Oh, here let me let you in. I can unlock the door for him very easily，” said Vivint, a smart home service provider.One electronics maker launched a device that lets people see and interact with their animals when they are away. The device, from Petcube, lets you remotely watch and talk to your pet through a personal device, according to a company official. It can even give the pet a treat if you approve and order it.For heating or cooling, there is a smart thermostat. This device can also send you a message if a big storm causes leaks or flooding. “Were trying to catch it with just a few drips before it becomes a real big problem，” said Mike Sale of iDevices.A concern for many homeowners is the possibility that someone else might find a way to attack these smart home devices. An official from Vivint said his company is sure that only owners of the home can gain use of information on the devices. Warren Katz from iDevices said his company employs engineers from the defense industry to help prevent hacking.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。内华达州的拉斯维加斯于2017年1月5日至8日举办了第50届消费类电子产品展览会，其中的智能家居设备令人耳目一新。12What can be learned about the show?AIt created much attraction to consumers.BIt has been held in Las Vegas many times.CIt only exhibited smart home devices.DIt is the largest show ever held.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段可知，许多人前往内华达州的拉斯维加斯参加第50届消费类电子产品展览会，据说该展览会展出了世界上最多的新型电子设备；结合下文介绍的“电子门铃”“智能恒温器”等可知，该展览会创造了很多吸引顾客的亮点，故A项正确。13Whats the purpose of Paragraph 3?ATo explain how to answer the door.BTo illustrate a smart home device.CTo tell a story about nice devices.DTo introduce a home service provider.解析：选B目的意图题。根据第三段中的第一、二句可知，当有人来到你的前门按门铃时，灯就会立刻亮起来；当我不在家的时候，我收到了一个通知，通知我有人来了，我可以开始和在我家前门的人说话。据此可知，该段旨在说明一种智能家居设备，故B项正确。14What may happen in the future according to the given examples?AComputers may replace human workers one day.BA stranger can come into your house even if youre out.CThe house can repair for itself if a storm causes damage.DYou can take good care of your animals while youre away.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，一家电子产品制造商推出了一款设备，这款设备让人们不在家时也可以看到他们的宠物，并与它们互动。据此可以推断，将来如果使用这种设备，你可以在你不在家时也能照顾好你的宠物，故D项正确。15What can be inferred about the smart home device from the last paragraph?AInformation on the devices is easy to get.BMany of the devices are not available now.CHomeowners are concerned about its operation.DIts safety can be guaranteed at present.解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知，智能家居设备公司确信只有房屋所有者才能使用这些设备上的信息。据此可以推断，目前这款智能家居设备是确保安全的，故D项正确。.阅读七选五(2019太原模拟)Tofu is a delicacy that transcends (超越) many foods, and a simple dish that can be cooked in various forms and flavors. From sweet to smelly, from China to Japan and beyond this basic ingredient made from soybeans has become a historic staple throughout Asia._16_. It was only after a bowl of warm doufuhua, the local tofu pudding, that I saw just how much food plays a part in the citys longing for the past.“Tofu pudding is not just a pudding. _17_，” says Renee, the fourthgeneration owner of Kung Wo Beancurd Factory, a tofu shop in the heart of Hong Kongs old town.Rewind to about 60 years ago, when the neighborhood was home to a busy shipping port. Dock workers would head straight to Kung Wo for some soy milk after a hard days work._18_. It was often open until the early hours of the morning to draw the cinemagoers from the theatre nearby for a sweet with their sweeties.“In the 1960s, Hong Kong was not a wealthy place. _19_. People were happy with tofu pudding or soy milk because it was local and cheap，” she says. “Now we have lots of different types of desserts to choose from, but its funny that people still want to find something more original.”As we sat down to take a spoonful of our tofu pudding, a couple sat at the table next to ours. They told us they were visiting from Canada but grew up here in Hong Kong, and always came for a bowl of Kung Wos tofu pudding on their visits. “When we were young, we didnt have McDonalds. _20_. For us its also comfort food and its what we love too.”AIt is the only childhood memory for usBRenee has a secret recipe that is passed on in her familyCPeople also see it as something related to their childhoodDRenee says back then the shop was a popular night date spot as wellEIn Hong Kong, tofu plays another important role its comfort foodFAt that time there was no choice for desserts like cheesecake or ice creamGSoybeans stay up to 10 hours in water before they are softened and made into tofu语篇解读：本文主要介绍了豆腐这种食物以及香港的一家豆腐商店Kung Wo Beancurd Factory。16解析：选E根据空处后一句中的“plays a part”可知，空处表达的意思是在香港，豆腐起到的另一个重要的作用是使人感觉放松的安慰食物。故选E项。17解析：选C根据空处前一句“Tofu pudding is not just a pudding”可知，C项“人们也把它看作与他们的童年有关的东西”与此处衔接紧密。故选C项。18解析：选D根据空处后一句可推知，D项“Renee说那个时候这家店也是一个受欢迎的晚上约会的场所”符合语境。19解析：选F根据空处前一句“In the 1960s, Hong Kong was not a wealthy place”和空处后一句“People were happy with tofu pudding or soy milk because it was local and cheap”可推知，在那个时候，人们没有像芝士蛋糕和冰淇淋这样的甜点可供选择。故选F项。20解析：选A根据空处前一句“When we were young, we didnt have McDonalds”可推知，A项“这是我们唯一的童年记忆”符合语境。练(二)语言知识运用组块专练练准度(限时：30分钟).完形填空(2019广州调研)Grady threw down his backpack and slammed the car door shut.“This is going to be a really _1_ week，” he said unhappily to no one _2_. He looked around the campground. Hundreds of bluegreen fir trees, some as tall as church towers, _3_ the mountainside, giving it the appearance of a lush green carpet. The sun would be setting soon. Then, Grady thought, maybe the _4_ wouldnt feel so bad. Even up here in the _5_， the hot stickiness of July clung to him.Grady hated camping, but it was something his family _6_ every summer. His father liked cooking over an open fire, telling stories about how to _7_ things like bear attacks and swarms of bees. His mother and younger brother Jared liked to hike and take _8_ of animals. Jared had a collection of bug pictures that hed _9_ to the walls in his half of their room. Grady thought they were just scary and considered them proof that Jared was a _10_ kid.They set up camp two _11_， one for his parents and one for himself and Jared. While everyone else started _12_ dinner, Grady, looking for some place to cool down, set off for the nearby stream, which was deep enough to _13_ in.As he _14_ the stream, something caught his eye. There was a(n) _15_ black bear cub no more than two feet tall with a lovely face. It was playing _16_ at the waters edge, _17_ its surroundings. Grady moved closer to get a _18_ look. Then Grady heard a sound behind him. He _19_ his father saying that bear cubs would never be _20_. Then he turned around and saw the cubs mother moving swiftly towards him .语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是Grady和家人一起露营，由于天气太热，Grady独自一人去找小溪乘凉，却遇到了黑熊的故事。1A.longBinterestingCpeaceful Drisky解析：选A根据空后的“unhappily”可知，此处应用long表示这一周会很漫长。long“漫长的”；interesting“有趣的”；peaceful“和平的，平静的”；risky“危险的，冒险的”。2A.in advance Bin briefCin particular Din silence解析：选C他不高兴地自言自语道：“这将是很漫长的一周。”Grady并没有特别地对某个人说，因此，C项符合语境。in silence“安静地，无声地”。3A.blocked BcoveredCreflected Dscarred解析：选B数以百计的蓝绿色冷杉树，有些像教堂塔一样高，覆盖着山坡，使山坡呈现出一个郁郁葱葱的像绿色地毯的外观。从下文的“carpet”可知，数以百计的冷杉树覆盖着山坡。block“阻止，阻塞”；cover“覆盖”；reflect“反射，映出”；scar“结疤，给留下伤痕”。4A.dust BcampgroundCheat Dsun解析：选C根据上文中的“The sun would be setting soon”及下文中的“the hot stickiness of July clung to him”可知，Grady认为太阳下山后就不会那么热了。故C项heat“高温”符合语境。dust“尘土”；campground“野营地”。5A.mountain BriverCsky Dtower解析：选A即使在山上，7月的炎热依旧如影随形。根据上文中的“mountainside”可知，作者的野营地在山上。故选A项。6A.believed in Binsisted onCcame across Dlived through解析：选BGrady讨厌野营，但是这是他家人每年夏天坚持的事情。根据空前的转折词but可知，Grady的家人和