2016_2017学年高中英语Unit1LearningStrategiesandHabitsPeriodThreeGrammar练习.docx

Period Three Grammar & Writing语法精析一、简单句的五种基本类型(一)主语不及物动词(SV)不能直接加宾语的动词叫做不及物动词。例如：Thebabylaughs.Thechildrenareswimming.(二)主语及物动词宾语(SVO)后面跟宾语意思才完整的动词是及物动词。名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式都可以做宾语。例如：Theworkersmademachines.Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(三)主语系动词表语(SVP)常见的系动词有：get，be，turn，look，smell，taste，sound，become等。表语是英语中的一种特殊成分，常跟在连系动词后面。表语一般由名词或形容词等充当。例如：Hebecameangry.Mymotherisateacher.(四)主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语(SVIODO)有些及物动词可以有两个(双)宾语，指人的宾语叫做间接宾语，指物的宾语叫做直接宾语，合称为双宾语。如把直接宾语放在间接宾语之前，间接宾语前要加介词to或者for。1与介词to连用的动词主要有：give，bring，lend，pass，show，teach，tell，take，send等。例如：Hegavemearuler.Hegavearulertome.2与介词for连用的动词主要有：buy，cook，do，find，get，leave，make，play等。例如：Mymotherboughtonebeautifulbirthdaypresentforme.Mymotherboughtmeabeautifulbirthdaypresent.注意：如果直接宾语是人称代词时，必须将其置于间接宾语之前。【误】Ineedsomesalt.Passmeit，please.【正】Ineedsomesalt.Passittome，please.(五)主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语(SVOOC)宾语宾语补足语叫做复合宾语，跟宾语补足语的常有以下几类词：1后面一般跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask，get，order，tell，want，wish，allow等。例如：Ourteachertoldustocomeearlytomorrow.2后面一般跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：四“看”：see，watch，lookat，notice；三“使役”：let，have，make；二“听”：hear，listento；一“感觉”：feel等。例如：Didyouseehimcomein?二、句子成分(一)主语(S)：句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(从句)Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语)(二)谓语(V)：说明主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyEnglish.(实义动词)Heisasleep.(系动词)(三)表语(P)：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.(名词)Seventyfour！Youdontlookit.(代词)Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)Hisfatherisin.(副词)Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)Towearafloweristosay“Impoor，Icantbuyaring.” (不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(从句)常见的系动词有：be，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝、吃起来)，remain(保持，仍是)，feel(感觉)Itsoundsagoodidea.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.(四)宾语(O)：表示动作的对象或承受者。1动作的承受者动宾IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词)Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词)Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.(the形容词表示一类人)Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid? (从句)2介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake？(名词)Underthesnow，therearemanyrocks.(名词)3双宾语间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.(五)宾语补足语(OC)：对宾语的补充。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidntcomehere.(名词)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介词短语)Dontlethimdothat.(省略to的不定式)Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to的不定式)Dontkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)Illhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词)即时跟踪根据句子的五种基本类型：SVPSVSVOSVIODOSVOOC，完成1、2题1判断下列句子属于哪种基本句型(1)IwatchedTVlastnight.(2)Welivehappilytogether.(3)Helentmehiscar.(4)Thefoodwentbad.(5)Wewatchedthemplayfootballyesterday.2按要求转换基本句型，并保持句子意思基本不变(1)Mr.LiuisourEnglishteacher.(用句型)Mr.LiuteachesusEnglish.(2)Hiseyesareblue.(用句型)Hehasblueeyes.(3)Sheisgoodatdancing.(用句型)Shedanceswell.(4)Ilikeapplebestofallthefruit.(用句型)Appleismyfavouritefruit.(5)Wethinkheisagoodman.(用句型)Wethinkhimagoodman.3写出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分(1)Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.主语(2)Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.谓语(3)HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.宾语(4)ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.谓语，主语(5)Hiswishistobecomeascientist.主语，表语(6)HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.形式宾语，真正的宾语(7)Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress？宾语(间宾直宾)(8)Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.形式主语，表语，宾补(9)Henoticedamanentertheroom.宾补(10)Theapplestastedsweet.表语高考链接.单句改错(每小题仅有一处错误)1Pleasehelpwithmeandgivemesomeadvice.(2015四川，短文改错)去掉with2Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.(2015陕西，短文改错)wellgood3Theyarethreelessonsinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.(2014新课标全国，短文改错)TheyThere4Itisdifficulttounderstandingwhyshebarkseveryminuteshesoutside.(2014辽宁，短文改错)understandingunderstand5Hewantedteachmeaboutanimals，insectsandtrees.(2014陕西，短文改错)want后加to6Iamawfullytired，butIknowIllneverfallsleep.(2013浙江，短文改错)sleepasleep.按要求翻译下列简单句1野营在7月20号开始。(SV)(2015北京，书面表达)ThiscampwillopenonJuly20th.2作为一个外向的女孩，我和同学们相处融洽。(SVO)(2015陕西，书面表达)Asanoutgoinggirl，Igetalongwellwithmyclassmates.3最重要的是学会控制你的脾气，以便你不会做或说出令你后悔的事。(SVP)(2014安徽书面表达)Themostimportantthingistolearntocontrolyourtempersothatyoumaynotdoorsayanythingyoullregret.4他们帮助我们更好地理解科学科目，激起我们对科学发现的好奇心。(SOIODO)(2014浙江，书面表达)Theyhelpusunderstandsciencesubjectsbetterandarouseourcuriosityaboutscientificdiscoveries.5你的付出一定会使这件事情成为一个很大的成功。(SVOOC)(2014辽宁，书面表达)Yourcontributionwillcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.常用句式1Imgreatlyhonouredto.2Ihavethehonourtospeak.3Onbehalfoftheteachersandstudents，.4Allofuswillbenefitfromit.Itwillbenefitallofus.5IhopeProfessorDavidwillenjoyhisstayinChina.典例展示实现有效的沟通，建立良好的人际关系，不仅要善于言表，更要学会倾听。请你根据下表中所提供的信息，写一篇题为“BeingaGoodListener”的英文演讲稿。为何倾听表示尊重，增进理解，建立良好的人际关系谁来倾听家长倾听孩子理解孩子，消除代沟，老师倾听学生了解学生，满足需求，同学相互倾听增进友谊，互帮互学，怎样倾听(联系实际，自己拟定内容，列举两至三点)注意：1.对所给要点，逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译；2词数100左右；3开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；4演讲稿中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。Goodafternoon，everyone!Thetopicofmyspeechtodayis“BeingaGoodListener”Thankyouforyourlistening!联想词汇1表示尊重showrespect2增进理解promoteunderstanding3改善人际关系improveinterpersonalrelationship4消除代沟narrowthegenerationgap5相互学习learnfromeachother佳作背诵Goodafternoon，everyone!Thetopicofmyspeechtodayis“BeingaGoodListener”Goodlisteningcanalwaysshowrespect，promoteunderstanding，andimproveinterpersonalrelationship.Manypeoplesuggestthatparentsshouldlistenmoretotheirchildren，sotheywillunderstandthembetter，andfinditeasytonarrowthegenerationgap；teachersshouldlistenmoretotheirstudents，thentheycanmeettheirneedsbetter，andplacethemselvesinagoodrelationshipwiththeirstudents；studentsshouldlistenmoretotheirclassmates，thustheywillhelpandlearnfromeachother，andafriendshipislikelytobeformed.WhatIwanttostressisthateachofusshouldlistenmoretoothers.Showyourrespectandneverstopotherstilltheyfinishtheirtalk；showyouareinterestedbyasupportivesilenceoraknowingsmile；beopenmindedtodifferentopinionseventhoughyoudontlikethem.Inaword，goodlisteningcanreallyenableustogetclosertoeachother.Thankyouforyourlistening!.写出下列句子成分1Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.主语系动词表语2Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.形式主语it系动词表语真正主语3Allofusconsideredhimhonest.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语4Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语5Hebrokeapieceofglass.主语谓语宾语6Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.主语谓语形式宾语it宾语补足语真正宾语7Iloveyoumorethanher，child.主语谓语宾语8Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.主语系动词表语9Theypushedthedooropen.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语10Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语.完成句子11Itisveryimportantforustohaveourdreams.拥有我们自己的梦想很重要。12Wehavefinishedreadingthebook.我们已读完这本书。13IthinkitnecessarytolearnEnglishwell.我认为有必要学好英语。14WemadeTommonitorofourclass.我们让汤姆当我们的班长。15Ourfavouritesportisplayingfootball.我们最喜欢的运动是踢足球。.阅读理解ATOEFLstandsforTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage，whichassessestheproficiency(熟练) ofEnglishlanguageofapersoninanacademicsetting.Variousinstitutions，scholarshipprogramsrequirethistestasatrustedandeffectiveindicatorofapersonsabilitytocommunicateinEnglish.TOEFLisavailableinCBTComputerbasedTechnology，PBTPaperbasedTechnologyandIBTInternetbasedTestformats(形式) toassesstheproficiencyofEnglishlanguage.IBTTOEFLisafourhourtestcomprisingsections: Reading，Listening，SpeakingandWriting.InareaswhereInternetbasedtestisnotavailable，apaperbasedtest(PBT) isgiven.PBTisathreehourtestcomprisingfoursections: Listening，StructureandWrittenExpression，ReadingComprehensionandWriting.TakingTOEFLtestopensmanydoorstogetadmissioninforeignuniversities.Morethan7,500colleges，universitiesandagenciesinmorethan130countriesrelyonTOEFLtestscorestocheckproficiencyforEnglishlanguage.Itisveryconvenienttotakethistestanditisavailablein165countriesworldwide.Itmeasuresyouracademicskillsthatwhetheryouarereadytostudyortrainatundergraduateorpostgraduatelevelinforeignuniversitiesornot.Inthetestcandidatesareprovidedwithapassagefromtextbooksandquestionsbasedonlectures，andyoucanbeaskedtospeakorwriteinresponserelatedtothatpassage.Asthetestismadeupof100%academicquestions，somanyuniversitiesconsideritthemosteffectivetest，whiletakinganyadmission.TotakeTOEFLtestyoushould：Improveyourwritingskills；Improveyourvocabulary；PracticeotherreadingpassagesontheTOEFLtest；Befamiliarwiththeformatofthetest；PracticeforlisteningtestontheTOEFLtest.TotakeadmissioninWorldsfamousHarvardUniversity，theminimumTOEFLscorerequiredis587onthepaperbasedtest,240onthecomputerbasedtest，or9495ontheInternetbasedTOEFL.16Theunderlinedword“comprising”inParagraph2probablymeans“”AincludingBformingCcombiningDexplaining答案A解析词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句中的“Reading，Listening，SpeakingandWriting.”可知，此处指的是托福考试包括听、说、读、写四个部分。故选A。17WhichsectionisNOTincludedinIBTTOEFL?AReading.BWriting.CSpeaking.DStructureandWrittenExpression.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“IBTTOEFLisafourhourtestcomprisingsections: Reading，Listening，SpeakingandWriting.”可知托福考试中没有“StructureandWrittenExpression”这个内容，故选D。18Accordingtothepassage，manystudentsarerequiredtotakeTOEFLtestprobablybecausethetestcan.AimprovetheiracademicskillsBindicatetheirproficiencyofEnglishlanguageCprovidescholarshipprogramsinmanycountriesDdecidetheirgraduationfromforeignuniversities答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“.asatrustedandeffectiveindicatorofapersonsabilitytocommunicateinEnglish.”和第二段第一句中的“.toassesstheproficiencyofEnglishLanguage.”可知，托福考试能够评估人们运用英语的熟练程度。故选B。19Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?AAdvantagesofTOEFLTestBPreparationsforTOEFLTestCIntroductiontoTOEFLTestDAssessmentofTOEFLTest答案C解析标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了什么是托福考试、托福考试的种类、托福考试的优势以及如何准备托福考试等四方面的内容，由此可见这是一篇介绍托福考试的短文。故选C。BWhenyouarecuriousaboutsomethingandwanttoknowmoreaboutit，youcanusethewayofaskingquestions.Askingquestionsisthefirststeptomakediscoveriesandfindinterestinganswers.Thestepsbelowcanguideyouduringtheresearch(研究)Step1：Onanotecardorapieceofpaper，writedownthesubjectthatyouareinterestedin.Justgetthemainideadown.Forexample，youmightwrite：Discovermoreaboutdinosaurs.Step2：Next，stopandthinkforamomentaboutwhatyoualreadyknowaboutyoursubject.Listwhatyoualreadyknowlikethesentencesbelow：1Dinosaurslivedlongbeforehumanbeingsappeared.2Dinosaurslivedontheearthformorethan150millionyears.3Somedinosaursfedonplants，someonmeat.Step3：Whatcanyoudowithwhatyouwanttolearn？Byaskingquestions.Onyourpaper，startwritingdownquestionsaboutthedinosaursasyouthinkofthem：1Whatsthebestweatherfordinosaurstolivein?2Howmanykindsofdinosaursarethere?3Havedinosaursreallydisappeared?Step4：Armedwithyourlistofquestions，youcannowgotothenearestlibraryorcomputertobeginyourresearch.Asyoulearnmoreaboutyoursubject，youllprobablydiscoversomenewquestions.Forexample，youmightdiscoverthatdinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.Why？Whathappened？Askingnewquestionscanhelpyouresearchyoursubjectmorewidely.Thenexttimeyoufindsomethinginterestingtoresearch，taketimetoorganize(组织) yourthinkingbyaskinggoodquestions.Andrememberlearningmorealwaysbringsmorequestions.20Theunderlinedphrase“curiousabout”inthefirstparagraphmeans“”AworriedaboutBboredwithCeagertolearnaboutDreadytodo答案C解析词义猜测题。由语境“.wanttoknowmoreaboutit.”以及“.askingquestions.”可推测curiousabout意为“对好奇”。21Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“Armedwithyourlistofquestions”mean?APuttingyourlistofquestionsunderyourarm.BDiscussingyourquestionswithyourclassmates.CWritingdownyourlistofquestions.DTakingyourlistofquestionswithyou.答案D解析细节理解题。由画线句后面的“.youcannowgotothenearestlibraryorcomputertobeginyourresearch.”可知，是去图书馆或者上网开始你的研究课题，因此应该是带着你的问题。22Thebesttitleofthispassageis“”ADiscoveringDinosaursBAskingGoodQuestionsCFindingSubjectsDHavingInterestingAnswers答案B解析标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了以提问的方式进行研究学习的方法。故B项最合适。.语法填空Cheating23.happens(happen) alotinourcity.Itcanbehardtoknowwhoisreallyinneedandwhoistryingtouseotherpeoples24.kindness(kind)Recently，Iwasfinishingmyworkathome25.whenthedogbarked，lettingmeknowthatsomeonewasatthegate.Irushedtoseewho26.itwasandthereIsawapoor，weakwomaninherlatefifties.Thiswomantoldmeastory，“MyhusbandandIliveintheslumnearby.Weearnourliving27.byworkingatconstructionsites.Afewdaysagomyhusbandfelldownthestairswhile28carrying(carry) aheavyload.Hewasbadlyhurtandhe29.haslain(lie) inbedwithahighfeverforthepastfivedays，Pleasehelpme! Ineedtotakemyhusbandtoadoctor！”Ifeltreallybadabouthersituation，but30.wasshetellingmethetruthortryingtocheatmeformoney？However，Iwentoutwith50dollarsandhandedittoher.31.Themomentshegotthemoneysheburstintotears.Shetookmyhandandsaid，“Maygodblessyou，mydear! Thankyousomuch！”FromhertearsIbelievethatshewasreallyinneedofhelp.I32.wasmoved(move) andwentbacktomyworksmiling.短文改错Afterwatch“EnglishTV”lastSundaymorning，Iphonedtomyclassmateandtoldhimtogotoseeafilmintheafternoon.Beforethefilmwasover，wereturnedtoschooltodoourlessons.Whilewearehavingarestinthecorridor，IsawMrLiu，myheadteacher.HetoldmethatwehadmadesomeprogressesinEnglish，butmyChineselaggedbehind，especiallymyChinesecomposition.HesuggestedImustreadmoreandkeepingadiaryeveryday.Intheeveningmyfathertoldmethatreadingnewspaperswoulddomewellforimprovingcompositionwriting.Thatwasreallygoodidea！Thattheysaidwasquiteright，andIshouldfollowtheiradvice.答案After“EnglishTV”lastSundaymorning，Iphonedtomyclassmateandtoldhimtogotoseeafilmintheafternoon.thefilmwasover，wereturnedtoschooltodoourlessons.W