2019版高考英语复习Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse讲义外研版.docx

Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe 一积词汇见多识广 课内单词回扣(一)阅读词汇写其义1random adj. 任意的；随机的_ 2.sympathy n 同情；同情心3consistent adj. 一致的；吻合的_ 4.deliberately adv. 蓄意地，故意地5autonomous adj. 自治的 6.glory n. 光荣；荣誉(二)表达词汇写其形1witness v. 目击；亲身经历 2.burst v. 爆炸3view v. 看，观察 4.decade n. 十年5deed n. 行为 6.accuse v. 指责7consult v. 咨询；请教 8.accustomed adj. 习惯的 9acknowledge v. 承认；认为 10.foresee v. 预知；预见 11abstract adj. 抽象的 12.pray v. 祷告；祈祷(三)拓展词汇灵活用 1.relief n安慰；宽慰relieve v安慰；宽慰*2.assume v假定，假设assumption n假定，假设*3.patience n耐心patient adj.耐心的 n病人patiently adv.耐心地*4.depend v依靠；取决于dependent adj.依赖的dependence n依赖，依靠independence n. 独立，自立*5.advanced adj.高级的，先进的advance v& n前进；进展*6.devotion n忠诚devote v致力于devoted adj.忠诚的 7.invasion n入侵invade v侵略，侵占invader n侵略者 8.commitment n忠诚；奉献commit v保证；承诺，忠于；投入；做出(错事)；犯(罪) 用上面标注*的单词的正确形式填空1At first, Anne totally depended on Jack, her husband. After many years of struggle, she gained her independence and now she is dependent on herself to lead a new life.(depend)2Mr Black is my devoted friend. He devotes his life to doing scientific research. I respect his devotion to science.(devote)3Although the patient was out of patience,_the nurse was still patient with her work and did it patiently. (patient)4They assumed that there would be a substitute for the earth but the assumption seemed impossible. (assume)5Our soldiers now can advance 300 miles a day in the desert with the help of the advanced Global Positioning System (全球定位系统)(advance)话题单词积累1astronaut/strnt/ n 宇航员2astronomer/strnm/ n. 天文学家3planet/plnIt/ n. 行星4telescope/telIskp/ n. 望远镜5universe/junIvs/ n. 宇宙6globe/lb/ n. 地球仪，地球7gravity/rvItI/ n. 重力，地球引力8orbit/bIt/ n. (天体等的)运行轨道9rocket/rkIt/n. 火箭10atmosphere/tmsfI/ n. 大气层，大气11astronomy/strnmI/ n. 天文学12digital/dIdIt()l/ adj. 数字的13powerful/pafl/ adj. 强大的14wonder/wnd/n. 奇迹15resource/rIss/ n. 资源16secret/sikrIt/ n. 秘密17explore/Ikspl/ v. 探索18empower/Impa/ vt. 授权；使能够19reveal/rIvil/ v. 揭示20complex/kmpleks/ adj. 复杂的21biotechnology/baI()teknldI/ n. 生物科技22transplant/trnsplnt/ n& v. 移植23robot/rbt/ n. 机器人24system/sIstm/ n. 系统；体系25data/deIt/ n. 数据，资料26database/deItbeIs/ n. 数据库27Internet/Intnet/ n. 互联网28network/netwk/ n. 网络29cyberspace/saIbspeIs/ n. 网络空间30convenient/knvinInt/ adj. 方便的31calculate/klkjleIt/ v. 计算32represent/reprIzent/ v. 代表33serve/sv/ v. (为)服务34evolve/Ivlv/ v. 进化35symbol/sImb()l/ n. 象征 二积短语顿挫抑扬 课内短语回扣(一)根据汉语写出下列短语*1.make_it 成功；及时到达*2.set_out 开始做；着手进行；陈述*3.in_spite_of 不管，尽管，不顾*4.accuse_sb.of_(doing)_sth. 指责某人(做)某事*5.pray_for 祈望；祈求 6.a_series_of 一系列的；一连串的*7.be_accustomed_to 习惯于 8.at_the_very_beginning_of 在一开始的时候 9.be_similar_to 与相似的 10.set_in_motion 使某事开始(二)用上面标注*的短语完成下列句子1It is much to her credit that Mary continued to work in_spite_of all the difficulties.2A great many teenagers are/were_accustomed_to playing computer games, wasting their precious time.3The football player was accused_of taking money for not scoring goals on purpose.4I know it is time for me to set_out to do my homework, but I just cant resist playing computer games.5Sir, please give me some money to buy some food.I will pray_for your health and long life.6Lucy failed in the computer test last time while I made_it.话题短语积累1explore space 探索太空2space shuttle 航天飞机3space station 太空站；空间站4solar system 太阳系5the outer space 外太空6manned spaceship/spacecraft 载人飞船7unmanned spaceship/spacecraft 无人飞船8weather satellite 气象卫星9communication satellite 通信卫星10launch/send up a satellite 发射卫星11circle the moon 绕月12land on the moon 登月13return to earth 返回地球14carry out scientific experiments 开展科学实验15have access to space travel 能到太空旅游16virtual net 虚拟网17highspeed broadband networks 高速宽带互联网18with the popularity of the Internet 随着网络的普及 三积句式写作扮靓 课内句式仿写1“no比较级than”表示“同一样不”例句 The world was in shock maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.仿写 他的英语同我的英语一样不好。His English is no_better_than_mine. 2否定词前置的部分倒装句例句 . little did he know what impact he was going to make.仿写 那个男孩对记者说：“我一刻都没有怀疑过我父亲会来救我。” “Never for a second，” the boy says to the reporter, “did_I_doubt that my father would come to my rescue.”3as 引导的让步状语从句，应使用倒装结构例句 Incredible as it may seem, both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that .仿写 尽管他是个孩子，但是他有广泛的科学知识。Child_as_he_is,_he has a wide range of science knowledge.话题佳句背诵1In fact, so little do we know about the universe that we are not even aware how it came into being.事实上，我们对宇宙了解很少，甚至不明白它是如何形成的。2It goes without saying that modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life.毫无疑问，现代科技给我们的生活带来方便和舒适。3I am convinced that human is able to use the Internet properly and scientifically.我相信，人类能够正确地、科学地使用互联网。四背语段语感流畅 It is known that human beings have been exploring the universe. First of all, exploring the universe can help us understand how the universe came into being and how it has been evolving. Secondly, our planet has limited resources, so we need to explore the outer space for valuable resources and make the best use of them. Thirdly, a higher level of space exploration represents a countrys comprehensive strength, which is a symbol of being powerful.In a word, we should spare no effort to explore the universe and make it serve human beings better.众所周知，人类一直在探索宇宙。首先，探索宇宙可以帮助我们了解宇宙是如何开始存在，以及它是如何演化的。第二，我们星球上资源有限，所以我们需要探索外部太空去寻求宝贵的资源，并充分利用它们。第三，较高层次的太空探索代表了一个国家的综合实力，是国家强大的象征。总之，我们应该不遗余力地探索宇宙，使它更好地为人类服务。 第一板块 重点词汇突破 师生共研词汇1accustomed adj.习惯的；通常的；惯常的教材原句 Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people have become accustomed to the idea of space travel.自从尼尔阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以来，人们对太空旅行这一概念已经非常熟悉。(1)be accustomed to be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事(表示状态)get/become accustomed to be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事(表示动作)(2)accustom vt. 使习惯于accustom oneself/sb. to (doing) sth. 使自己/某人习惯于(做)某事He quickly got/became_accustomed_to the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college.他很快适应了大学里的浓厚的学术氛围和丰富多彩的活动。The students quickly accustomed_themselves_to the new timetable, which excited the teachers.学生们很快适应了新的时间表，这令老师们很高兴。As we all know, English people are accustomed to driving (drive) on the left.众所周知，英国人习惯于靠左边开车。名师指津 短语be/become/get accustomed to中的to是介词，其后需要跟名词、代词或动词ing形式。2acknowledge v承认；认为；告知收到(信件、礼物等)；感谢高考佳句 It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.(2014福建高考单选)普遍认为应该从综合素质的角度来评价学生。(1)acknowledge sth./that . 承认acknowledge doing . 承认做过acknowledge .as/to be 认为是(常用被动形式)It is widely/universally acknowledged that . 普遍认为(2)acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢As we all know, Lang Lang is_acknowledged_as/to_be one of the greatest pianists.It_is_widely/universally_acknowledged_that Lang Lang is one of the greatest pianists.众所周知，郎朗被认为是最杰出的钢琴家之一。The boy acknowledged seeing (see) her money, but he said he didnt steal it.那个小男孩承认见过她的钱，但是他说他并没有偷。3accuse v指责；控告教材原句 He accuses Darth Vader of killing his father, so he trains to become a Jedi knight and swears to avenge his loss.他指控达斯维德杀死了自己的父亲，因此他把自己训练成为一名绝地武士并发誓要为自己的损失报仇。(1)accuse sb. of (doing) sth. charge sb. with (doing) sth. 指责/控告某人(做)某事accuse sb. for sth. 为某事指责某人accuse sb. as . 控告/指责某人为(2)the accused 被告The woman accused (accuse) of stealing 1.2 million dollars was trying to find herself a lawyer.被指控偷窃120万美元的妇女想给自己找个律师。The_accused was accused as a murderer, but the judge found him innocent.那个被告被指控为谋杀犯，但是法官发现他是无罪的。联想发散 动词accuse可构成accuse sb. of sth. 结构，类似的动词短语还有：remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人的某种疾病suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人做某事warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事4consult v咨询；请教；商量，磋商；查阅；顾及高考佳句 To work out the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.(2014陕西高考单选)为了解出这道数学难题，我已经向拉塞尔教授请教了好多次了。consult sb. about sth. 向某人请教/咨询某事consult with sb. about sth. 与某人商量/磋商某事consult a doctor 向医生求诊To lose weight, I consulted with a doctor, I hired a fitness coach, and I began to eat small.为了瘦身，我咨询过医生，找过健身教练，并减少饮食。Please dont consult_a_dictionary every time you meet a new word.请不要每次遇到生词就查词典。联想发散 关于“查词典”的表达法有：consult a dictionary, refer to a dictionary, look up .in a dictionary等。词汇过关练.单句语法填空1Assuming (assume) that the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money?2The driver witnessed to having_seen (see) the man fall down in the street.3Accustomed (accustom) to living in the countryside, Mr King found it hard to live in the city.4The teacher will put forward a variety of questions, depending (depend) on your different answers.5He acknowledged donating/having_donated (donate) a great deal of money to the flooded area.6That his friends accused him of not being honest made Jack very angry.7So hard was the womans life, but to her relief (relieve), her only son was admitted to a top university last year.8People are usually well informed of what is happening due to the advanced (advance) media, such as television, newspaper and net PC.9Consult your doctor about how much exercise you should attempt.10Tom has made good preparations for it and he is convinced that he can make it.单句改错1I have been accustomed to get up early in the morning since I came to senior high school.getgetting2One witness for the accident said that the car was racing at full speed.forto3Assumed that you are chosen to be a volunteer at the Beijing Winter Olympic Games, what will you do？AssumedAssuming4Ill look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little patient.patientpatience5These high school students were accused abusing (虐待) their classmates.accused后加of.单句写作(补全句子)1习惯于生活在一个完全陌生的环境并不是一件容易的事。(get accustomed to)It is not an easy thing to_get_accustomed_to_living_in a completely strange environment.2普遍认为人与人之间的最短的距离是真诚的微笑。(acknowledge)It_is_widely_acknowledged_that the shortest distance between persons is a sincere smile. 3他们被指控组织并资助(finance)地下青年运动。(be accused of)They_are_accused_of_organising_and_financing an underground youth movement.4他经常去办公室向老师咨询关于学习英语的方法。(consult sb. about sth.)He often goes to the office to_consult_his_teacher_about_the_method_of_learning_English. 521世纪的头十年见证了中国经济的快速增长。(witness)The first ten years of the 21st century witnessed_the_rapid_growth_of_Chinas_economy.第二板块 短语、句式突破 1make it 成功；及时到达，赶上；能参加高考佳句 It was a real race against time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.(2013全国卷单选)这真是一个需要争分夺秒才能完成的项目。幸运的是，我们圆满地完成了。make it to 按时到达，能够出席或参加make it时间 约定某个时间make it through . 挺过，熬过make it up with sb. 与某人和解Sarah made_it_to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.莎拉赶到了机场，正好及时赶上了今天早上的飞机。Lets make_it 8：00 am if you want to go to the park with me.如果你想和我去公园的话，让我们把时间定在上午8点吧。I dont have enough money to make_it_through the week.我的钱不足以熬过这个星期。2Incredible_as_it_may_seem,_both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that .尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想Incredible as it may seem相当于although/though it may seem incredible。 as“尽管，虽然”引导让步状语从句，此时常将表语、状语或部分谓语提到句首，构成部分倒装。()()()()Child_as_he_is,_he likes to be treated like an adult.尽管他是个孩子，但他喜欢被当作成年人对待。Cheap_as this kind of mobile phone is, many people refuse to buy it because its out of date.虽然这种手机很便宜，但因为过时了，很多人不愿意买它。Hard_as_he_studies,_he often fails in the exams.尽管学习很刻苦，但他经常考试不及格。Try_as_he_might,_he couldnt finish the work.尽管他想方设法，却未能完成这项工作。名师指津 (1)作表语的名词提到as之前，名词前不能加冠词。(2)though引导的让步状语从句可用倒装语序，也可用正常语序，但是although引导的让步状语从句不倒装。短语、句式过关练.写出下列句中make it的含义1I never thought Clare would make it as an actress.成功2Im sorry I wont be able to make it on Saturday.能参加3Can you speed it up a little? Ill be late for my flight.Take it easy. Im taking a short cut. Well make it on time.及时到达4Lets make it 8：30. Is that all right for you？约定时间.将下列句子改为用as引导的让步状语从句1Although he is talented, he is not ready to turn professional.Talented_as_he_is,_he is not ready to turn professional.2However hard he tried, he couldnt solve the problem.Hard_as_he_tried,_he couldnt solve the problem.3Though he was faced with the great danger of drowning, the young man jumped into the river to save the struggling boy without hesitation.Faced_with_the_great_danger_of_drowning_as_he_was,_the young man jumped into the river to save the struggling boy without hesitation. 提能一 用课文词汇写高分作文witness， accuse， avenge， sorrow， acknowledge， assume， patience， motherland， pray， impact， be accustomed to， in spite of 1补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)尽管我在叙利亚已两年了，但我仍不习惯这儿的生活。Although I have stayed in Syria for two years, I am still not accustomed_to the life here.几乎每天我都能见到爆炸事故，不同党派之间互相指责、报复，给人们带来了巨大的悲痛。Almost every day I witness the explosions and different parties accuse each other and avenge themselves on others, which brings people great sorrow.我承认来这儿是我做的错误选择。假设再给我一次机会，我会做出不同选择的。I acknowledge I made such a wrong choice of coming here. Assuming I was given another chance, I would have a different choice.尽管有这么多的困难，我还是要有耐心，继续把工作完成，争取尽快回到祖国。In_spite_of so many difficulties, I should have patience and continue to finish the work in order to return to my motherland as soon as possible.我祈祷叙利亚能尽早结束战争，消除战争的影响，有一个光明的未来。I pray that Syria will end the war quickly, eliminate the impact of the war, and have a bright future.2升级平淡句用as引导的让步状语从句升级句Two years as I have stayed in Syria, I am still not accustomed to the life here.3衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：now, at the same time)Two years as I have stayed in Syria, I am still not accustomed to the life here. Almost every day I witness the explosions and different parties accuse each other and avenge themselves on others, which brings people great sorrow. Now I acknowledge I made such a wrong choice of coming here. Assuming I was given another chance, I would have a different choice. In spite of so many difficulties, I should have patience and continue to finish the work in order to return to my motherland as soon as possible. At the same time, I pray that Syria will end the war quickly, eliminate the impact of the war, and have a bright future.提能二 用课文句型解构高考长难句 本单元突破点多层成分作状语经典例句比较分析真题尝试翻译课文长难句Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risks had to be taken.该句主干部分是“Millions of people watched that first moon landing on television”，后面的“their hearts in their mouths”是独立主格结构作伴随状语，aware of .是形容词短语作原因状语。所有年龄的人都高兴地沿着人行道走着，眼睛和手粘在手机上，完全不知道周围发生了什么。真题长难句People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them.(2015湖南高考阅读理解A)该句主干部分是“People of all ages happily walk along the pavement”，后面“with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone”是with复合结构作伴随状语，quite unaware of . 是形容词短语作状语。 自从20世纪60年代开始，人类就不停地在尝试探索太空。随着科技和生活的进步，中国的航空航天技术也步入了世界前列。纵观历年高考试题，此话题多在听力、阅读理解、完形填空等题型中考查。 一、话题与语篇考题示例 (2015湖北高考阅读D)1 The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples.2 First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet (芭蕾) dancer. “Im an inside guy，” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a sixmonth tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.”3 On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity, its just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible (隐形的) cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbondioxide headache.4 Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat. “Your inner ear thinks youre falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you youre standing straight. That can be annoying thats why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of days truly terrible days for some astronauts brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.5 Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass.Thats why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things: recovery time once astronauts retu