英语语法与2014中考.ppt

英语语法与2014中考,英语词类与句子成分,第一部分 第一课时,江湖之上 门派林立,词类,1 名词：nouns(n.) 表示人或者事物的名称。 e.g. student book 2 动词：verbs(v.) 表示动作或状态，通常做谓语。 e.g. read know 3 形容词：adjectives (adj.)表人或事物的特征，修饰名词或代词。 e.g. big, dangerous,词类,4 副词：adverbs(adv./ad.) 表示动作的特征或者性状特征，修饰动词或形容词。 e.g. carefully, very 5 数词：numbers (num.)表数目或顺序。可以分为序数词和基数词。,词类,基数词 序数词 基数词 序数词 one first two second three third four fourth five fifth six sixth seven seventh eight eighth nine ninth ten tenth 6 代词：（pronouns (pron.) 代替名词，数词等。 e.g. they, many,词类,注意代词的主格和宾格形式 主格 宾格 所有格 所有格 （做主语） （做宾语） （adj.） （n.） I me my mine we us our our you you your yours he him his his she her her hers it it its its they them their theirs,词类,7 冠词:articles(art.) 用在名词前帮助说明其意义。 e.g. a,an 表示不定指;the 表示定指 8 介词：prepositions (prep.) 用在代词，名词等前面，说明它与别的词之间的关系。 e.g. for from on,词类,9 连词：conjunctions(conj.) 用在连接词与词或者句与句。 e.g. and if but 10 感叹词：interjections(interj.) 表示说话时的感情或口气。 e.g. oh ah,句子成分,句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 主要成分：主语、谓语、宾语、 次要成分：定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。,1.主语,主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体。 一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如： The car is running fast.(名词) We are students.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词),1.主语,Its bad manners to spit in public.(不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。,2.谓语,谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分。 一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。 如： He works in a factory.(实义动词) I felt cold.(系动词表语),2.谓语,How can I get to the station？(情态动词实义动词） Do you speak English？(助动词实义动词) They are working in a field.(助动词实义动词) 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。,3.宾语,宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象。 一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如： He is doing his homework.(名词) They did nothing this morning.(代词) She wants to go home.(不定式) We enjoy playing football.(动名词),4.定语,定语：用于修饰名词或代词。 一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如： ： What a beautiful kite it is！(形容词) She is a chemistry teacher.(名词) There are two students in the classroom.(数词) We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式) The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语),5.状语,状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句。 一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。 如： Thank you very much.(副词) I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语) He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语) We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句),6.表语,表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受。 一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如： They are workers.(名词) Two and three is five.(数词) The story is very interesting.(形容词),7.宾语补足语,宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作。 一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如： We elected him monitor.(名词) I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词） They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词),一） 根据对词类的概念的理解，指出下面单词的词类： 1 deep 2 finger 3 fly 4 papers 5 pass 6 refuse 7 size 8 spoon 9 delicious 10 thick 11 town 12 map 13 myself 14 and 15 on 16 sheep 17 ship 18 mine 19 important 20 an 21 catch 22 first 23 laugh 24 third 25 leave 26 here 27 fly 28 home 29 round 30 sing 31 blind 32 but 33 eighth 34 about 35 bad 36 yours 37 child 38 against 39 ah 40 with 41 cinema 42 Tuesday 43 cheap 44 advice 45 two 46 they 47 able 48 for 49 say 50 quickly 51 if,二） 根据常见的后缀辨别下列单词的词性。 1. scientist 2. singer 3. conversation 4. beautiful 5. loudly 6. famous 7. government 8. dangerous 9. instruction 10. careful 11. lively 12. safeties 13. national 14. traditional 15. illnesses 16. wonderful 17. competitions 18. information 19. successful 20. natural 21. illnesses 22. lovely 23. really 24. friendly 25. usually 26. yearly 27. advertisement,三） 判断下列句子中划线单词的词性。 1. Mary dances well. 2. His father is reading. 3. Tom is looking for his watch. 4. He often plays violin after school. 5. Mr. Green works in a university. 6. The teacher taught us an English song. 7. I have bought this pen for two years. 8. Nothing can live without water. 9. You may keep this dictionary for two weeks. 10. You cant agree with me.,分析下列句子成分,1.They go to school by bus. 2.Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 3.He lef