综英课本b2unit7.ppt

Unit 7,Learning Objectives review ing participle and the infinitive get a general idea of the westward movement learn how to express desire, longing, excitement and anticipation know something about animals learn words and expressions,Language Structures,1. I dont remember doing it. Ill never forget seeing the Three Gorges. He stopped reading the newspaper and spoke to me. The ing participle used as the object of remember, forget and stop, referring to a past action or event that took place before the act of remembering, forgetting, or stopping.,Ill try to remember to do/not to forget to do whatever you tell me to. He stopped to speak to me. The infinitive used as the object of remember, forget and stop, referring to a future action or event that will take place after the act of remembering, forgetting, or stopping.,Exercises,- The light in the office is still on. - Oh，I forgot_ _ . A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off I never forgot the musical in New York. A. see B. to see C. seeing D. seen,2. a) Here is an article for you to translate into English. The infinitive used as a noun modifier preceded by for. Thats an excellent book for the English majors to read.,b) Its easy enough for you to finish it in a week. The infinitive phrase functions as the subject of the clause. i.e. “for you to finish it in a week is easy enough” Basic form: “It is + adj. + for/of + sb. + infinitive” 一般来说，如果形容词表示事物的性质(easy, heavy, necessary, possible, difficult),常用介词for. 表示人物特征通常和of搭配，如bold, brave, careless, considerate, generous, kind, nice, stupid Its hard for us to teach well. It was thoughtful of them to come and see me when I was ill.,3. I find it easier to give a free talk because I can never learn anything by heart. The infinitive used as the postponed object in the introductory it construction. “sb. find/think/consider/feel it + adj./n. + infinitive”,She finds it necessary to take down notes while listening. They feel it important to have some working experience. He thought it a great pity not to have invited her.,4. They are talking about having a bicycle race again. The ing participle used as the object of a preposition. Nobody can talk John into entering for the sports meeting.,Exercise (WB, p.60),The Western Frontier in the United States,Dialogue 1,Background Knowledge,Westward Movement movement of people from the settled regions of the United States to lands farther west. Between the early 17th and late 19th centuries, Anglo-American peoples and their societies expanded from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast. This westward movement, across what was often called the American frontier, was of enormous significance.,Major events in the western movement of the U.S. population were the Homestead Act, a law by which, for a nominal price, a settler was given title to 160 acres of land to farm; the opening of the Oregon Territory to settlement; the Texas Revolution; the opening of the Oregon Trail; the Mormon Emigration to Utah in 184647; the California Gold Rush of 1849; the Colorado Gold Rush of 1859; and the completion of the nations First Transcontinental Railroad on May 10, 1869.,By expanding the nations borders to include more than three million square miles, the United States became one of the most powerful nations of the 20th century. However, this expansion also resulted in great suffering, destruction, and cultural loss for the Native Americans of North America.,For good or ill, the westward movement of these Anglo-American settlers was one of the most influential forces to shape North American history. ,Questions,1. Why did Hanks great-great-grandfather go west ? 2. What was the main means of transportation for the frontiersmen? 3. what kind of houses did the frontiersmen live in? 4. Why do they think that the life in frontier was crude and rough?,5. What made the frontiersmen so strong-willed as to endure all hardships? 6. How do Americans today think of the early pioneers?,covered wagon,log cabin,Outline of dialogue 1,B, an American student, tells A about the westward movement of the U.S. frontiersmen. 1. Americans have always been attracted by the life of the frontiersmen. 2. Bs great-great-grandfather is a pioneer going west. 3. The trip the pioneers had. 4.Their life (house, food),Story-retelling,People: being oppressed in one way or other, not satisfied with their own life , feel an urgent to go and seek their fortune. Journey: take the wagon trek across the plains and deserts, a long, hard journey by wagon with rough paths The frontier: wild, uncultivated land; life was crude and rough,Living conditions: a log cabin with no door, no windows, and no chimney, only a hole in a wall, crawl in and out of, stuff the hole with a large rock to keep out wild animals. Food: whatever was available. The attitude to the pioneers: respect and admire.,Words and expressions,Frontier 1)Area beyond the part settled by people 荒野地区与已开发地区的交接地带，边远地区 the Western Frontier frontier spirit 美开拓精神; 进取精神,2)C between, with the limit of edge of the land of one country, where it meets the land of another country; border 边界，边境 frontier towns边境城镇 frontier law 边境法规 a frontier city 边疆城市 frontier line边界线,Compare: boundary, border, frontier,Boundary 意为“分界线”等狭小的部分，指领土之间的明确界限，一般可以在地图上找到标志。这种界线能够通过条约等被明确界定。 border 着重指划分两个行政区域或国家的分界线，通常是“边境地带”范围较广的地区，可以是河流或山脉等领土的天然分界，因此不象boundary 那样精确 Frontier 指一国土地与另一国土地之间的边区或邻接地带，用此词来描述从中心内地的眼光所看待的边境地区。还可以指设防的边界。,They crossed the _ into Belgium. Customs officers inspected our luggage when we crossed the _. There is a trend that more and more people living on the _ are moving to the interior of the country. They fixed their _ again after the war.,border,border,frontier,boundary,enthrall,enthrall: to hold the complete attention and interest of (someone) as if by magic 迷住，吸引住 The magic show enthralled the audience. an enthralling book (attractive) 小女孩被美丽的童话故事迷住了。 The little girl was enthralled by the beautiful fairy tale.,authentic,1) known to have been made, painted, written, etc. by the person who is claimed to have done it 真迹的，原作的，真的 an authentic medieval sword. 一把真正的中世纪剑 an authentic signature真实手迹签 authentic document真实的文件 2) true and deserving to be believed or trusted, dependable 真实可信的，可靠的 an authentic account by an eyewitness.一份目击者的真实证言 authentic news可靠的消息,authentic and genuine,genuine 是本组词中最通用的词，适用于指任何的事物，其起源，作者或性质等名副其实，强调无掺杂，伪冒，造假等 a genuine painting by Tang Bohu The womans coat is genuine mink. Is this ring genuine gold? genuine affection authentic 此词常与genuine 换用，强调有正式证据或文件证明表明某事物的来源是真实的，非模仿假造的，强调可靠与值得信任。反：fake, false,True,1) 意指真的或自然的，天然的，常可与real换用 Now we see this man in his true color. The vase is a true antique. This is a true copy of the prose. 2)严格区分使用时，表示符合某一标准，规范或典型，或与实情相符. He who doesnt go to the Great Wall is not a true man. You are a hero in the true sense.,Real,一般指真实或表里一致的事物，不是人造的或假造的，强调某事物是真的，不止是貌似，不只是名义上的，与imaginary相对。 Fairies are small imaginary figures; they are not real people. The old man is only the nominal head of the business; his son is the real owner of it.,feel an urge,get / have / feel / give in to / a (sudden) urge to do sth He had an urge to open a shop of his own. (have a strong wish to do sth) Oral practice A: The meal is wonderful. Im full enough now. B: You ate all that? Thats incredible! Ive noticed for some time that you have a good appetite than before. What makes you eat so much? A: I dont know, but somehow I feel an urge to, thats all.,seek ones fortune,seek ones fortune - try to find success in the world 寻出路，闯天下,淘金 a small/big fortune make a fortune try ones fortune tell ones fortune -success, wealth, luck, fate, destiny,not only.but.too/as well,Oral practice A: Its a lovely house. B: Im afraid I dont agree with you. A: Why not? B: Its not only too far from the shopping center, but it is very expensive as well.,settle down,1)To begin living a stable and orderly life 安顿下来,定居 One day Ill want to settle down and have a family. 2)To become less nervous or restless.平静下来 Itd be fun, after the situation in Europe settles down, to take a trip over to France. 3)begin to give ones attention to sth 专心致志于 He got his coffee, came back and settled down to listen.,except for,except for (PREP-PHRASE) is used to introduce the only thing or person that prevents a statement from being completely true. He hadnt eaten a thing except for one forkful of salad. Everyone was late, except for Richard. except (PREP) is used to introduce the only thing or person that a statement does not apply to, or a fact that prevents a statement from being completely true. I wouldnt have accepted anything except a job in Europe. I dont take any drugs whatsoever, except aspirin for colds. except (conjunction) Freddie would tell me nothing about what he was writing, except that it was to be a Christmas play. CONJ: oft CONJ that/when/where/if,stuff sth with sth,stuff (up) with把塞满，把用堵住 She stuffed the fridge with food. Dont stuff him with silly ideas. He stuffed the hole up with some newspaper. Stuff oneself with sth 狼吞虎咽地吃，吃饱 The boy sat stuffing himself with cakes. Stuff sth into sth 表示把某物塞入某物中 He stuffed his handkerchief into his pocket. stuffing n. 填充物 stuffy 通风不好的，闷的,endure,1) vt.to bear (pain, suffering, etc.) patiently or for a long time. 长时间地忍受，忍耐痛苦，苦难等 They endured tremendous hardship on their journey to the South Pole. endure to do, endure doing I cant endure to see / endure seeing animals suffer like that. 2) vi fml to remain alive or in existence, esp. in spite of difficulty 虽有困难仍持续，持久，坚持下去 Her fame will endure for ever.,endure, bear, stand, tolerate,endure 此词往往意示严重的身体或精神心理上的压力或艰难，并意示面对一系列持续不断的考验时所表现出的持久的毅力与耐心 bear 1）此词与非正式的词组put up with同义，意指对不愉快的或微有伤害的事体、局面难以容忍，忍受。 2）此词通常含示承受一种负担，如承受痛苦、忧伤或责任等，有体力与意志力受到考验的意思，不表示以何种方式来忍受。 stand 此词与tolerate, bear同义，但是个较非正式的用词。 tolerate 此词意示自我约束，对抵触或可憎事物不表反对和异议,Examples:,If you can bear put up with a bit of cold air, Id like to ventilate this room. I cant bear his sister. She bore the pain of childbirth without complaints. How can you tolerate that rude fellow? We tolerate all opinions here, radical or conservative. To stand something is to bear something offensive without complaints and protest. The couple has endured so many emotional and financial crisis, it is amazing their marriage has lasted. Astronauts have to endure many discomforts in spacecraft.,stretch,n. continuous expanse of sth a beautiful stretch of countryside a long stretch of open road. a very pleasant stretch of coastline. a long stretch of time at a stretch without stopping, continuously 一口气地 at full stretch to the limit of ones ability 竭尽全力 Everyone would be working at full stretch.,pray for a lucky strike,strike: A sudden achievement or valuable discovery, as of a precious mineral. a gold strike, an oil strike pray pray (to sb) for sth 向（某人）祈求（某物） She prayed to God for forgiveness. pray +that They pray that she would recover. pray sb to do sth/ for sth We pray you to show mercy/ for mercy. n. prayer 祈祷；祈求 say ones prayer （做祈祷） a prayer for forgiveness, rain, success （为获得宽恕，雨水，成功而做的祈祷） Their prayers were granted/ answered. （他们的祷告应验了.),Role-play : Open Up the Great Northwest,Work in pairs to play Jias and Baos roles and make a dialogue discussing the matter of developing the Northwest of China. You are free to use the phrases and expressions listed on page 78. Changes can be made to make the short dialogues natural.,Dialogue 2,Desire, Longing, Excitement and Anticipation,Desire,Be eager to Be keen to Be anxious to Be desperate to Be dying to do Be longing to Be (really) keen on sth,mild,strong,Be thrilled to bits,Be extremely pleased (the) thrills and spills excitement caused by taking part in or watching dangerous sports or entertainments,Do justice to sb/sth,Recognize the true value of sb/sth, treat sb/sth fairly To do her justice, we must admit that she did deserve to win. The photograph does not do full justice to the rich colours of the gardens.,Practice workbook p 61,Oral Practice,A and B are chatting over their birthday longings. A wants B wants,A set of teddy bears,Evening dress,jewelry,A trip to seaside,laptop,Do you or your family or friends have a pet, such as a dog, cat, or bird? If so, how does the pet communicate with you or them? Does the pet understand you or them? 2. Why do people keep pets? Do you think they are intelligent?,Discussion,Intelligence in Animals,Reading,Comprehensive Questions,1. Whats the commonest way used to learn about the stages of intelligence in animals? 2. Do animals learn from their mistakes? 3. Why is the maze an inadequate test for measuring intelligence in mammals? 4. Can animals think about something not around them?,5. What evidence is there in support of the argument that monkeys can reason? 6. What can birds do? Why? 7. Do you believe that certain species of highly evolved animals can cope with abstract ideas? Justify your position with example.,Summarizing,This scientific article introduces the animals intelligence. The author begins with the _ experiment in going through a maze of passage. The subtler test is to see how an animal can _ something when it is not there. Monkeys and chimpanzees have an unusual degree of cleverness because they can_. However, human being can cope with_, which makes man evolve to a clearly superior level.,ant,think about,reason,abstract ideas,True or False?,Workbook p 61,Detailed Reading,Information on details Words and expressions,Fill in the blanks with the information about the animals mentioned in each paragraph. 1. Evolutionary scale _ Brain-power _ The commonest way that has been used to find out the relative intellectual levels of creatures at different stages of evolutionary complexity has been to study the way they behave when set different kinds of puzzles.,Ant,Get through a maze by learning from its mistakes,intellectual adj. intellect n. intelligent adj. intelligence n. High levels of lead could damage the _ development of children. The book is too_ for ordinary people to read. (of, using or needing the use of intellect) Susans a very bright and _ woman who knows her own mind. (having or showing powers of learning, reasoning or understanding, esp. to a high degree),intellectual,intellectual,intelligent,A woman of superior intellect the ability to use the power of reason (rather than to feel or take action); ability to think intelligently and understand智力，推理能力，思维能力，领悟力，理解力 A boy of low intelligence -(not very clever) (ability to learn, reason or understand) 智力，悟性，聪明,evolution 1) a gradual process in which something changes into a different and usually more complex or better form. 发展，演变，演化 (=development) the evolution of a story 2) a process of gradual change that takes place over many generations, during which species of animals, plants, or insects slowly change some of their physical characteristics.进化，进化论 study the evolution of man,Related words evolutionary 进化（论）的， 由进化产生的，发展的 evolutionism 进化论 evolutionist 进化论者 evolve v. Its believed that man evolved from the apes. amphibians evolved into reptiles 两栖动物进化成爬行动物 an amateur acting group that evolved into a theatrical company.,Translation 找出动物在不同的复杂进化阶段的相对智力水平的最常用方法是：研究动物面对不同难题时的行为方式。,worry its way through Succeed in finding the way by constant effort, despite difficulty Translate the sentence into Chinese In the end, however, after it has had to worry its way through often enough, it does learn to get to its nest without going into any of the blind alleys. 尽管困难重重，但通过不懈努力，蚂蚁最终能够学会回到自己的窝巢而不会走入死胡同。,死胡同,dead end the end of the passage with no way out. blind alley a little narrow passage with no way out at the other end. blind date 从未见面的男女经第三者安排所作的约会 blind drunk 烂醉如泥 blind spot 盲点；不理解的事物，偏见，无知 The Prime Minister has a blind spot on (about) ethical issues.,As one moves up the evolutionary scale the test of brain-power exemplified by solving the problem of getting through a maze becomes too simple. scale: system of grading people or things according to how big, important, rich ect., they are. evolutionary scale: grading animals according to extent to which they are evolved. 进化等级,exemplify vt. 1) To illustrate by example举例说明 编者举例说明了这本新版字典中每个单词的用法。 Editors exemplify the usage of every word in the new edition of this dictionary. 2) To serve as an example of作为例子， 是的榜样 这幅画体现了该画家早期的风格。 The painting exemplifies the early style of the artist. Translate the sentence into Chinese 随着进化等级的提高，通过解决穿越迷宫来测试脑力就显得过于简单了。,tax enough attribute of the mind - make heavy demands on the abilities of the mind 1) tax: make difficult or excessive demands upon; strain e.g. The boss taxed everyones patience. Reading in a poor light taxes the eyes. tax sb. on sth impose a tax on sb / sth e.g. He is taxed on his own and his wifes income. tax sb. with sth accuse sb of sth, blame sb. on sth.指控，责备某人 e.g. I taxed the grocer with having sold me defective goods. He was taxed with failure to appear on the day appointed.,Translation,他们这些愚蠢的问题开始让我感到不耐烦了。 All these silly questions are beginning to tax my patience. 烟酒都被课以重税。 Tobacco and alcohol are taxed heavily. About “tax” 所得税 逃税 物业税 税前/税后 营业税 税务员 增值税,income tax,tax evasion,property income,before/after tax,sales income,value-added tax,tax collector,2) attribute n. quality or feature regarded as a natural or typical part of sb/sth (=characteristic) 品质，属性，特征 Her greatest attribute was her kindness. v. attribute This play is usually attributed to Shakespeare. (to regard as the work of a specified agent or creator) She attributes her success to hard work and a bit of luck. (to relate to a particular cause or source),can remember only if they keep their heads steadily pointing at the lighted door,can remember for about 25 seconds which i