2010届高考二轮复习专题课件：名词性从句.ppt

Grammar 名词性从句,宾语从句,名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句。,1、宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语从句词有连词that，if，whether；连接代词who，whose，what，which；连接副词when，where，how， why等。,The Object Clause,e.g. I think (that) women can reach very high achievements in many fields of science. 2) I wonder whether/if she remembered how many babies she had delivered. 3) Do you know who/whom Jack was speaking to? 4) He asked whose car it was. 5) Pay attention to what the doctor said. 6) Please tell me when the earthquake took place. 7) Will you tell me how I can keep fit and healthy?,The Object Clause,做动词的宾语,(1)大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后： e.g. He doesnt know where the post office is. (2)有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语： e.g. He told me what I should read,(3)如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语 it 而将从句放到补足语后面； e.g. I thought it strange that he failed to call me 我觉得奇怪,他没给我打电话。 (4)在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则不用否定形式,而将主句谓语动词think等变为否定形式; e.g. I dont think you are right 我想你是不对的。,否定的转移,1.主语为第一人称 2.时态为现在时态,(5) 在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及 Im afraid 等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可用not代替一个否定的宾语从句： e.g. 一Do you believe it will clear up? 你认为天气会转晴吗? 一I believe so. 我认为会这样。 I dont believe so.(或I believe not.) 我认为不会这样。,(1)一般情况下，宾语从句直接跟在谓语后; e.g. Did she say anything about how we should do the work? (2) that引导的宾语从句只有在except, in, but, besides等少数介词后偶尔可能用到; e.g. Your article is all right except that it is too long (3)有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加形式宾语 it; e.g. Ill see to it that everything is ready,做介词的宾语,3. what, which, who, whom, whose引导的表语从句 连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。 e.g. Tom is no longer what he used to be. The question is which of us should come first. The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.,Correct or not?,I know he lives here . I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow. I saw she is talking with her mother. He asked whether his father will come back. He said that he has seen it. The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.,was,would,had,Pay attention: 如果主句是过去的时态，那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态。当从句是客观真理，定义、公理、定理时用一般现在时。,Correct or not?II,His brother asks when he will go to the library . His brother asks when will he go to the library . Can you tell me who are we going to meet ? Can you tell me who we are going to meet ? We want to know if/whether he knows French . We want to know if/whether does he know French.,Pay attention:宾语从句的语序用陈述语序： 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。,1. The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether 2. We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whether D. that 5. I wonder _ he is crying now . A. that B. why C. how D. when,D,A,B,C,B,6. Have you found out _ we can do on Hainan Island ? A. what B. how C. if D. whether 7. Lily said _ she had finished her composition . A. if B. that C. when D. where 8. I dont know _ he still lives here . A. where B. what C. when D. whether 9. Could you show me _ ? A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station 10. My sister told him _ . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you live,A,B,D,D,B,11. It is suggested that we _ to the park later. A. will go B. went C. go D. has gone 12. He didnt say _ or not he would be staying here. A. that B. if C. weather D. whether 13. He doesnt know _ to go to Beijing or not. A. that B. if C. whether D. if / whether 14 Did she say anything about _we could pass the exam? A. that B. if C. whether D. if / whether,C,D,C,C,表语从句,The Predicative Clause,that 引导的表语从句 that 仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。 e.g. The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking. 2. whether 引导的表语从句 连接词whether起连接作用， 意为“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引导表语从句) 在句中也不作任何成分。 e.g. The question is whether what man will turn up in time.,2. 表语从句在从句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。,4. where, when, why, how引导的表语从句 连接副词where, when, why, how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。 e.g. Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties. My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.,5. 其他连词as if, because, as, as though 引导的表语从句 because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is because”结构中。 as if/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look, seem, sound, be, become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。 e.g. It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door. My anger is because you havent written to me for a long time.,1.Go and get your coat. Its _you left it. A. there B. where C. there were D. where there 2.The problem is_ he has enough time. A. if B. whether C./ D. that 3.He made a promise_ he would help me. A. what B. when C. that D. which 4.I remember_ this used to be a quiet village. A. how B. when C. where D. what 5.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever,B,B,C,B,B,Practice choosing ( 10m ),高考链接,1.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats_ . (2003北京春季) A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited,A,解析： 这是由what 引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为A。,2.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that_ you had a few days off? (NMET1999) A. why B. when C. what D. where,解析:这是一个由why引导的表语从句,表示原因.这句话的意思是“这就是你离开的原因吗?“。故答案为A。,A,3.Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes to do anything well. ( 2002上海春季) A. what B. that C. which D. why,解析:what在表语从句中作takes的宾语,构成“It takes sth. to do sth.“的句型。答案为A。,A,4.When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly_ he wants . (2002上海春季) A. what B. which C. when D. that,解析:这是一个宾语从句,wants后面缺少宾语,Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句谚语,意思是“永远给予他人他确实想要的东西“。故答案为A。,A,主语从句,主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 How the book will sell depends on its author. That he is the best student in the class is obvious.,主语从句,引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。 如：That they were true sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether hell come here isnt clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。,主语从句三要素,he became a great scientist is known to us all.,Is what you told me really true?,谓语动词用单数,从句用陈述语序,不能省略关联词,Notice :,What we need most are books.,How,Agreement in subject clauses,在主语从句中，谓语一般用单数。,无论他说什么都不重要。,Whatever he says is of no importance,无论谁说这话都不对。,Whoever says that is wrong,但谓语动词用单数还是复数，不可一概而论，而要视句子的意义而定 What I need is money. What I need are books.,what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that 则不然。 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a consolation.,Whatever and whoever,Whateveranything that Whoeveranyone who 不管是谁犯了法，他都应该受到惩罚。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished。 Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.,在下列情况下，whether 不能被 if 所取代： 1.whether 引导主语从句 如： Whether it is true remains a problem. 2. 引导表语从句用whether， 如： The question is whether you should accept it. 3. whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语， 如： Im not interested in whether theyll go or not. It depends on whether we have got enough money. 4. whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用， 如： I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. She hasnt decided whether to go or not.,whether 与 if,If Mary really heard him was doubtful. Whether Mary really heard him was doubtful. It was doubtful if Mary really heard him,主语从句置于句首时, 不能用if 引导 如果用it 作形式主语, 就可以用if 引导,不可省略的连词： 1.引导主语，同位语，表语从句的连词不可省略。 2.it作形式宾语的宾语从句，it做形式主语的主语从句可省略 3.并列宾语从句中（That引导2个宾语从句，之前的that可省略，也可不省略，之后的宾语一定不可省略） 4.That放句首时 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. The reason is that he is too careless. I think it necessary that you should read aloud. He told （that） his father had died and that he had to make a living by himself.,用it 作形式主语的结构(1),(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识,(2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是,用it 作形式主语的结构(2),(3) It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎,(4) It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说,Exercises :,Part One: 主语从句单选题,1. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.,A.Who B.The one C.Anyone D.Whoever,D,2.It was he said disappointed me.,A.what ;that B.that; that C.what;what D.that;what,A,3. well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.,A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where,B,4. we cant get seems better than we have.,A.What;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;what,A,Part Two: 改错,1.He doesnt like them is very clear.,(That he),2.That has happened proves that my advice is right.,(What has),3.Because of my poor memory,that you told me has,been forgotten.,( what you / all that you ),4.If he has signed his name doesnt matter.,(Whether),5.What is the most important in life arent money.,(isnt),1. _ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether,After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is to walk in space where B. what C. that D. how,C,B,3. _ the 2012 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That,4. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where,C,B,5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who,6. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It,C,D,7. _ in the newspaper that the price of food will go up. A. It says B. It is said C. It has said D. He is said,8. It worried her a bit _her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for,B,B,9. There is no doubt _. A. that Mr. Hansen is in good health B. whether is Mr. Hansen healthy C. if Mr. Hansens health was returning D. whether Mr. Hansen in health,A,10. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is,D,11. It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master,B,同位语从句,名词性从句,相当于一个名词作用的从句称作名词性从句, 名词性从句常在复合句中作主语、宾语、 表语和同位语。如：,1）Who will go makes no difference 2）Do you know how they crossed the whole continent? 3） My question is whether it is worth doing. 4） The fact that women can work as well as men is clear.,（作主语）,(作宾语),(作表语),(作fact的同位语）,1）Ive made a promise that Ill help you. (My promise is that Ill help you.),2) Do you know the fact that the earth is round?(The fact is that the earth is round),3) Word came that our football team had won the match.,名词性从句作同位语,在主从复合句中，用作同位语的从句，叫同位语 从句。同位语从句跟在一个名词后面，对其作进 一步的解释。如：,3. 同位语与定语从句的区别,如：The news that they won the match is true. The news that they told me yesterday is true.,Exercises:,1.你知道布什先生再次被选为美国总统这个消息吗？,Do you know the news that Mr.Bush had been re-elected the President of the United States?,此时了re-elected 后不加as ,因为 re-elected是及物动词 2.他表达了一个希望，他会下个月来参观中国。,He expresses a wish that he will come to visit China next month.,3.这些牛仔来自北美，我相信这个事实。,I believe the fact that the cowboys come from North America.,There is no doubt that he has settled down in Canada.,4.毫无疑问，他已在加拿大定居。,幻灯片,22 8 11 17 3 提问 21 4 22 8,名词性从句,Noun Clauses,宾语从句的语序问题,同位语从句与定语从句的区别,巩固 练习,种类,名 词 性 从 句,主语从句 在复合句中作主句的主语.引导词有连词that (that 不可省),whether; 代词有who, what ,which;副词 when ,where, how, why 等.如:,1.That he is a famous singer is known to us. (It is known to us that he is a famous singer.),2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed. (It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.) 不能变成that When he will go to America is not yet fixed。否则，就出现了两个连词,We believe (that) he is honest. I told him (that) I would come back soon. He said (that)he would go there the next day and that his family wouldnt go there.,宾语从句 在复合句中作主句的宾语.引导词有连词that (that 常可省略),whether,if; 代词有who, whose,what ,which;副词 when ,where, how, why 等.如:,表语从句 在复合句中作主句的表语.引导词有连词that (that 不可省),whether; 代词有who, what ,which;副词 when ,where, how, why 等.如:,The problem is that we didnt get in touch with him. This is how Henry solved the problem. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.,如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.order等名词时,后面引导 的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.,同位语从句 在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词 fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion 等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词有连词 that ;少数情况下也可用连接副词等.如 :,1.The thought that we might success excited us. 2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering. 3.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.,名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词 要用should+动词原形,should可省略.,Tell the difference,1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy. 2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.,3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.,NC-Appositive,AC,NC-Appositive,AC,NC-Predicative,NC-Predicative,一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处,1、两种从句都可以译成定语 e.g.,The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位语从句） 我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。 The news that you told us is really encouraging. （定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。,一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处,2、两种从句都可以用that引导 e.g.,The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位语从句） 学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。 The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical. （定语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。,二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处,1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步 说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、 限定前面的名词。,e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。） The news that you told us is really encouraging. （从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）,二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处,2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。,e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children. （that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）,Practice,I. Tell the function of the clauses in the following sentences 说出下列从句的功能：A: Appositive（同位语）; B: Attributive（定语）,His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable. Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online. 3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom. 4. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way. 5. Is this the company where your father works? 6. This is the reason that he gave for his absence.,3.,5.,6.,II. Choose the best answer,1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when 2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what 3.I have no idea _he will come back. where B. when C. what D. that 注意： he will come back与idea不是同位语之间的关系,II. Choose the best answer,4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that 6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our