（新课标）高考英语第1部分Book5Unit2Theenvironment课后规范训练（含解析）牛津译林版.docx

Book 5 Unit 2 The environment阅读理解组块练.阅读理解AEco City Farms are becoming more popular in cities and towns around the United States.Eco City Farms in Edmonston，Maryland，is located near shopping centers，car repair shops and homes.The neighborhood is a workingclass community.People do not have very much money，and they have limited access to fresh food in markets.Over the past two years，the farm has attracted volunteers from the community like Marcy Clark.She schools her four children at home.On a recent day she brought them to Eco City Farms for a lesson.Her son Alston Clark thinks his experience is very valuable.“I like coming out here，” he says，“You know，you connect with the earth，where your food comes from.You appreciate the food a little bit more.”Margaret Morgan started Eco City Farms.She thinks of it as a place where people can learn to live healthier lives.“Growing food in a community brings people together，” she continues，“Every piece of what we do here is a demonstration to show people everything about how to have an ecofriendly community.”she says.From the Eco City Farms people come to know that they are not only growing food and raising chickens and bees，but improving the soil with compost(肥料)made from food waste.Eco City Farms is an experimental operation.The farm gets its power not from the local electricity networks，but from the sun with solar panels.In winter，the green houses use a geothermal(地热)system. Vegetables can be grown all year.So once a week，all winter long，neighbors like Chris Moss and her three children bike to the farm to pick up a share of the harvest.“I like eating the vegetables，” says fiveyearold Owen Moss.1What is mainly talked about in the passage?AEco City Farms save a lot of energy.BEco City Farms are gaining popularity.CEco City Farms are influencing community life.DEco City Farms help the workingclass live better.2According to the passage，Eco City Farms are close to the following places EXCEPT _.Ashopping centersBcar repair shopsCfastfood restaurantsDworkingclass community3What is the authors attitude towards Eco City Farms?AEnthusiastic.BDisappointed.CSurprised. DDoubtful.4In which column of a newspaper can you most probably read this article?APeople. BTravel.CEnvironment. DEducation.【答案与解析】1B主旨大意题。通读全文特别是文章首段可知生态城市农场在美国各地日益流行。故答案选B。2C细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“is located near shopping centers，car repair shops and homes.The neighborhood is a workingclass community.”可知，答案选C。3A观点态度题。从字里行间，特别是第四段第二句可知作者对生态城市农场是很热情的。故答案选A。4C文章出处题。这篇文章介绍的是生态城市农场，这是以环保为理念的家场。故答案选C。BIts most keen advocates say that global warming is gradually ruining the parts of our planet. But the effects of the phenomenon might be felt more positively a little closer to home, after scientists claimed that it would make flowers smell sweeter.Some flowers could give out a smell that is nine times more fragrant than they currently produce，according to a report.It says that a temperature increase of between 1 (34F)5 (41F) will vastly increase the ability of flowers to produce their sweet smells.The study，published in the journal Global Change Biology，suggests that plants are able to produce more terpenes(萜烯)the chemicals that give them their smellin hotter conditions.Despite the environmental risk linked to climate change，the effect on flowers could also help bee populations as the stronger smells make flowers easier to find and pollinate(授粉)It also found that the effect could be more significant in cooler countries such as the UK and would have a strong effect on fruit trees.The finding comes as the unseasonably warm autumn weather this year has led to reports that plants are being “tricked” into blooming early.Guy Barter，chief horticultural adviser at the Royal Horticultural Society(RHS)，described the findings as interesting and said it could have a significant effect on lightly scented(有香味的) flowers.“We think about climate change in terms of rising temperatures and sea levels but there are more subtle potential effects which we have not thought about，” he told The Sunday Times.Last year，experts from the Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change warned the average global temperature had risen by 0.5 in 50 years.They predicted temperatures would increase by 3 over the next century，causing a rise in sea levels，flooding，disease outbreaks and mass migration of refugees.5Whats terpenes according to the passage?AGases.BThe chemicals that give them their smell.CFlowers.DA special kind of fruits.6Why can the effect of climate change on flowers help bee populations?ABecause there are so many flowers.BBecause flowers grow well.CBecause the bees like these flowers.DBecause the stronger smells make flowers easier to find and pollinate.7The underlined word “vastly”in the second paragraph means _.Agreatly BslightlyCimpossibly Dhopelessly8Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?AThe effect could be more significant in warmer countries.BThe effect has a little impact on fruit trees.CNot all flowers could give out a nine times more fragrant smell.DThe researchers have thought about all potential effects.【答案与解析】5B细节理解题。由文章第四段the chemicals that give them their smellin hotter conditions可知，萜烯是让植物发出气味的一种化学物质，故选B。6D细节理解题。由文章第四段as the stronger smells make flowers easier to find and pollinate可知，气味越强烈，花更容易被找到和授粉。7A词义猜测题。由全文及第三段可知，当温度上升15，花朵制造香气的能力会大大增强。8C推理判断题。由文章第二段Some flowers could give out a smell that is nine times more fragrant可知C项正确，not all意为“并非所有的”。CThe need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the worlds supply of water. With 97% of the worlds water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage(短缺)seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the worlds agricultural industries experience constant water shortages. Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(重新分配)are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered.Where valleys(山谷)are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements. This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation (灌溉). In Texas, farmers overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed. Saudi Arabias attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry. 9From the first two paragraphs we learn that_. Amuch of the worlds water is available for useBpeople in high rainfall countries feel luckyCthe costs of water redistribution should be consideredDwater can be easily carried through pipes across the world10Which of the following is TRUE?AThe water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75%. BMost industries in the world suffer from water shortages. CThe underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years. DGood management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley. 11What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?ASteps to improving water use management. BWays to reduce the costs of building dams. CMeasures to deal with worldwide water shortages. DApproaches to handling the pressure on water supply. 12The text is mainly about_. Awater supply and increasing populationBwater use management and agricultureCwater redistribution and wildlife protectionDwater shortages and environmental protection【答案与解析】9C细节理解题。由文中第一段第二句“With 97% of the worlds water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture”可知A选项错误；由第一段第三句“strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country”可知B选项不合文义；第二段前两句指出水资源的重新分配的费用极高，一方面是水利工程本身的造价，另一方面也会对生态造成极大的破坏，所以选项C正确，根据第二段第四句“it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other.”可知D项不正确。10C细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores.”可判断A选项不正确；由第一段最后一句可判断B选项错误；由文章最后一句“fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.”可知C项正确。根据文章第三段最后一句可知D项不正确。11A推理判断题。文章前面一部分主要是讲述农业在利用水资源过程中存在的问题，接下来应该是介绍加强水资源管理的方法和措施，所以A选项正确。12B主旨大意题。由第一段第二句可知。D(2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国双一流校大联考)Environmental health is defined as the control of the factors in the environment that may have harmful effects on peoples physical, mental, or social wellbeing.Because natural disasters expose people to danger by bringing up or threatening their immediate environment, effective management of environmental health after a natural disaster is of great importance.The environmental health measures that must be considered after a natural disaster include the supply of appropriate shelter for individuals or groups of people left homeless, the distribution of safe and accessible water, and the protection and distribution of safe food products and so on.To effectively manage environmental health during and after a disaster, it is important that a state of preparation is in effect before the event actually occurs.During an emergency, success lately depends on making good, rapid judgment and appropriate response measures.Highlevel decision makers, therefore, must be familiar with sound measures beforehand and should be given an accurate judgment of the disasters specific effects as quickly as possible.This book is intended to serve as a guide for those who may be called upon to make emergency decisions after disaster strikes.The recommended environmental health measures have been listed in the order of priority in which they should be taken during an emergency.However, each natural disaster is unique in the degree or type of emergency.In response to any given disaster, decision makers may find it necessary to change the priority assigned to any particular measure.13Why is it significant to take effective measures after a natural disaster?AVictims may be at strike without immediate controls.BVictims may be at the risk of losing their properties.CVictims may be exposed to poisonous or radioactive minerals.DVictims may be threatened by environmental health problems.14What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?AGood preparation beforehand is vital.BRapid judgment is quite beneficial.CEffective measures sound familiar.DSlow responses sound ineffective.15Whom is the book mainly written for?AA researcher quite into environment health.BAn organizer to handle domestic disastrous situations.CA possible decisionmaker to handle a disaster emergency.DA holidaymaker fond of the topic of effective management.【答案与解析】13D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知对自然灾害后的环境健康进行有效的管理显得尤为重要。分析选项可知D项符合题意。故选D项。14A段落大意题。本段讲述了为了有效地管理灾害期间和之后的环境卫生，在事件实际发生之前进行准备是很重要的，在紧急情况下，有准备才能做出良好、快速的判断和适当的应对措施。分析选项可知选A。15C细节理解题。根据第四段中的第一句可知，本书是给那些在灾难发生后要求做出紧急决定的人提供指导的，分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C项。.七选五(2018北京市朝阳区高三年级第二次综合练习)Rich and FamousTwenty years ago the most common ambition of American children was to be a teacher, followed by working in banking and finance, and then medicine.But todays situation is quite different.1 Instead they most commonly say they want to be a sports star, or an actorin other words, they hope to become a celebrity.According to experts, young people desire these jobs largely because of the wealth and the fame.2 Lets take athletes and singers as an example.Their careers are shortlived.Many athletes best time only lasts a few years and singers can have a very limited career.The field that was once the focus of their lives becomes something they have little or no involvement in.As a result, theyll have a feeling of worthlessness and a lack of control.3 The truth is quite simple: they have been so far removed from it for so long.In spite of these disadvantage, there is greater ambition than ever among young people to achieve that status.They are not satisfied just making a livingthey want to be rich and famous.Globally, more and more TV shows provide talent competitions where winners can achieve their goals in just a few weeks or months.4 They unrealistically believe that this lifestyle is easily obtained and leads to great satisfaction.While many people argue that there is nothing wrong with having such ambitions, others feel that this trend will finally lead to dissatisfaction as more and more people are unable to reach their goals.5 That means they ignore the simple fact that great effort is needed before success.As a result, many people wont realize their childhood dreams, which could have a negative effect on their happiness.AThe younger generation dont favor these professions any more.BIn many ways this has been brought about by the celebrity culture.CUnfortunately, they do not always have a positive effect on peoples life.DBesides, it can be difficult for them to adapt back to a normal everyday life.EPeople no longer have a sense of satisfaction once their goals have been achieved.FThis quick way of gaining wealth and fame creates a celebrity culture among people.GThe reason is that they dont realize it takes talent and hard work to be rich and famous.【答案】15ACDFG语言知识运用组块练.完形填空A young student was one day taking a walk with a professor，who was commonly called the students friend.As they_1_along，they saw a pair of old shoes_2_on the road，which they thought belonged to a poor man who was working in a field nearby.The student_3_to the professor，saying，“Let us play a_4_on the man: we will_5_his shoes，and conceal(隐藏) ourselves behind those bushes，and wait to see his anxiety_6_he cannot find them.”“My young friend，” answered the professor，“we_7_never enjoy ourselves by_8_the poor.Since you are_9_，why not give yourself a much greater pleasure by helping the poor man？Put a(n)_10_into each shoe，and then we will hide ourselves and_11_how the discovery affects him.” The student did so，and they both hid themselves behind the_12_.The poor man soon_13_his work，and came across the field to the road_14_he had left his shoes.While putting on his shoes，he felt something_15_.He stooped(弯腰) down to see_16_it was，and found the coin.He was greatly surprised.He then_17_him on all sides，but found nobody.He then put the coin into his pocket，and his surprise was doubled when he found_18_coin.He fell upon his knees，looked up to heaven and uttered aloud a fervent (热烈的) thanksgiving，in which he_19_his sick wife and his children without bread.The student was_20_moved and his eyes were filled with tears.1A.ranBwentCgot Dcame2A.laying BlyingCputting Dsitting3A.turned BtookCrushed Dreached4A.game BmatchCtrick Dpresent5A.buy BsellCborrow Dhide6A.when BsinceCwhile Duntil7A.must BshouldCwould Dneed8A.taking care of Blooking down uponCmaking fun of Dmaking use of9A.young BoldCpoor Drich10A.coin BgiftCstone Degg11A.hear BlistenCwatch Dask12A.house BdoorCbushes Dtrees13A.began BfinishedCended Drefused14A.where BwhenCthat Dwhich15A.light BheavyCsoft Dhard16A.how BwhichCwho Dwhat17A.looked around Blooked afterCturned around Dturned off18A.another BotherCthe other Dothers19A.talked about Bspoke ofCthought of Dthought over20A.quickly BslowlyCsuddenly Ddeeply【答案与解析】1B文章开头提到老师和学生正在散步，故此处表示两人“往前走着”。go along指“沿着路向前走”。2B他们看到一双旧鞋“躺”在地上。lying是lie的现在分词形式，在此作宾语补足语。3Aturn to the professor表示“转过身朝着教授”。4Cplay a trick on sb.是固定搭配，意为“捉弄某人”。5D由下文conceal ourselves可推测，学生想“藏”起农夫的鞋，然后隐藏起来，和农夫开玩笑。6A学生想看“当”农夫找不到鞋时焦急的表情。此处填when，引导时间状语从句。7B我们永远不“应该”通过取笑穷人来使自己开心。其余选项语气表达不准确。8C本题承接上题。make fun of意为“取笑”。9D由上下文可知，此处的意思应与poor相反，故选rich。10A由16空后的found the coin可知，此处填coin。11C让我们“看看”这一发现会给他带来什么影响。其余选项与文义不符。12C由第一段最后一句中的behind those bushes可知，他们躲在“灌木丛”后。13B由下文可知，那个穷人“干完”了活。14A农夫穿过田地走向了他放鞋的地方。此处应选where来引导定语从句，修饰先行词road。15D他感觉到鞋里有“硬的”东西。hard意为“硬的”，其余选项与文义不符。16D他弯腰看是“什么”东西。17A农夫对鞋子里的钱很疑惑，所以他“环顾”了他的周围。look around意为“环顾四周”。18C表示“两者中的另一个”，用the other。19B他“提到”了生病的妻子和饥饿的孩子。speak of意为“说起，提到”。20D学生被“深深地”感动，热泪盈眶。.语法填空No sooner had the bell rung 1._a middleaged man，accompanied by our teacher，walked into the classroom.All of us looked at one another 2._(question)The man stepped onto the stage and said，“I lost my bag on my way to my office two days ago.As I 3._(be) wondering where I could find it，I received a phone call.It was a girl，who had picked up my 4._(lose) bag near a bus stop and she had found my phone number in the bag.”“Then I realized that I must had lost my bag when I was hurrying to catch the bus.The girl didnt leave until I returned to the bus stop and got back my bag.But she then left in such 5._hurry that I had no time 6._(ask) her name.I had