名词性从句包括主语从句.ppt

名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、 同位语从句，其关联词有连接词that, if, whether; 疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等。,高三语法复习 名词性从句,1.主语从句 主语从句在句中作主语。它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况由it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主语之后。例如： Who did that is known to all. 谁做的那件事，众所周知。 Its reported that no one was killed in the earthquake. 据报道地震中没有人死亡。,Subject clause（主语从句）,主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 引导主语从句的连接词： 连词： whether, that 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, etc. 连接副词：when,where, why, how, etc.,主语从句可放句首，此时连接词that一般不省略。主语从句也可用于It is that 句型。Whether引导主语从句意为“是否”，这时通常不用 if. That we need more equipment is obvious. or: It is obvious that we need more equipment. Whether we can attend the party is unknown. or: It is unknown whether we can attend the party.,It用作型式主语的句子常出现于下列句型：,1)It is +adj.+that(eg.natural/strange etc.) It is likely that their group will get ahead of us. 2)It is + n. (eg. a fact /an honor/ common knowledge)+that It is not your fault that this has happened. 3)It is+said/reported/known/believed/ thought/proved+that It is said that everyone in his class takes an active part in sports. 4)It seems that似乎.It happens that碰巧 It happens that the prettiest birds are the worst singers.,(3) It happens that, It occurs to sb. that 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong),4) It doesnt matter how/ whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如 It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. (right) Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. (wrong),(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：,Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is that it will rain in the evening likely? (wrong),名词性从句的主谓一致,主语是名词性从句（常用what，whatever， when，where，why ，how，that，whether等 引导放在句首）时，动词通常用单数形式。例如： 1What I am most interested in is American movies我最感兴趣的是美国电影。 2Whatever he says is of no importance 无论他说什么都不重要。 3Whoever says that is wrong 无论谁说这话都不对。,4That he will come is certain 他肯定会来。,5Why he is late for class is more than I can tell为什么他上课迟到，我也说不上来。 但在下面的句子中谓语动词要用复数形式，因为主语从句中的动词是复数，所以主语从句应当作复数看待。例如： 6Who are going to attend the meeting have been decided by the manager 哪些人去参加会议，已由经理做出了决定。,Object clause（宾语从句）,在一个句子中，不是由一个词组，而是由一个句子充当的宾语，这个句子叫做宾语从句。其作用相当于一个名词词组。 引导宾语从句的连接词： 连词： whether, if, that 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, etc. 连接副词：when,where, why, how, etc.,宾语从句须注意,1）由疑问词引导的宾语从句中，词序按陈述句顺序排列。2）whether,if 引导宾语从句都意为“是否”.但介词后用whether引导, whether or not.3）如主句是过去时时，从句的谓语动词表示进行的动作应用过去进行时，表示将要发生的动作应用过去将来时，表示完成的动作时，应用过去完成时。 1) Lets see how we can raise our efficiency. 2) I dont know whether/if the answer is correct. 3) We rushed to the theater and found (that) all the tickets had been sold out. 4) He wondered what I was doing.,2.宾语从句 宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 We can learn what we did not know. 我们要学习我们未知的东西。 如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词make, find, see, hear等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，用it作为形式宾语。 We find it necessary that we practise spoken English every day. 我们发现每天练习口语英语很有必要。 A teacher must see it that every one of his students is treated properly. 老师必须负责每位学生都能得到正确对待。,另外，某些作表语的形容词，如sure, happy, glad, certain等之后也可带宾语从句。例如： I am sure that he will succeed. 我确信他会成功。 I am glad that you can come and help me. 很高兴你能来帮我。,若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, 等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： 1. I dont think this dress fits you well.,4) 否定的转移, does it?,2.They dont believe I am right., do they?,若主句为一般疑问句,从句为特殊疑问句时,疑问词常置于句首,What do you think shell do now? Who do you suppose will go there? Practice: _ do you believe he will go with tonight? _ can you guess we had dinner just now?,Whom,Where,eg:I suggested (that) he (should) take a good rest. Do you advise where she go for a trip in China?,5) 表示“建议”或“命令”的词有：suggest, propose, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command, ask, advise等.它们的宾语从句 用虚拟语气, 结构为： +(that)+主语+(should) do (should 可省),6)would rather do A than do B would ratherdid(虚拟语气),eg:1) I would rather walk than take a bus. 2) These soldiers would rather die than give in. 3) I would rather it was forgotten. 4) Id rather you told me the truth.,3.表语从句 表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。 The question is who can complete the difficult task. 问题是谁能完成这项艰难的任务。 The problem is how we can get there on time. 问题是我们怎样按时到达那儿。,2. 在that引导的表语从句中，that不能用which来替换。,1. 表语从句可以用that, why,where, when, how, whether, what, who, which等词引导。,3.如果引出表语从句的名词是一些表示“建议”或者是“命令”之类的词如advice, suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea等，那么从句中的动词通常用should +动词原形。,i. My suggestion is that we all _(take) an active part in the coming sports meet.,ii. His proposal was that the work _(finish) in five hours.,should be finished,should take,4.同位语从句 同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容，可跟同位语从句的名词主要有fact, news, promise, idea, truth等。连接词用that，不用which。 The news that our team has won the match is true. 我们队赢了这场比赛的消息是真的。 His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway. 他迟到了是因为汽车半路上出了问题。,注意： 名词性从句的难点在于其句型结构不同， 所使用的连词比较复杂。因此,如何确定正确 的连词是突破名词性从句的关键。解决这一 问题可以从以下几点入手：, 依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。所谓“缺什么补什么”是指句型结构与连词之间的关系。如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what；如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what；如缺时间状语用when；地点状语用where；原因状语用why；方式状语用how；定语用what或which；什么都不缺用that。 I know what he is talking about.（缺宾语指物）我知道他正在谈论什么。 Im sure that he will come tomorrow.（什么都不缺）我确信明天他会来。 Where he will go is unknown.（缺地点状语）他要去哪儿还不知道。 I dont know which book I should choose.（缺定语）我不知道应该选哪本书。, 注意几组易混连词whether与if；that与what的使用： 引导主语、表语、同位语从句时关联词只用whether不用if 表“是否”。引导宾语从句时whether, if均可。 The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。 Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. 是否我们要参加这次会议仍未被决定。 We dont know whether/if she is ready. 我们不知道她是否准备好了。 that引导从句时不做成分，无意义；而what在从句中充当成分，有意义。 What he says is important. 他所说的很重要。 That light travels faster than the sound is a fact. 光传播速度比声音快是个事实。,1. No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 2. Do you know _ hes getting along well with his English? A. how B. that C. what D. which 3. The reason why he didnt come to the party is _ he was ill. A. because B. why C. that D. when 4. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there,巩固练习：,5. _ more countries can use natural energy in future _ to be seen. Whether; remains B. What ; remains C. Who ; remained D. If