随堂四级培训之翻译.ppt

,四级考试之翻译篇,汉译英技巧,翻译题型简介：原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字;六级长度为180-200个汉字。,一、译文必须符合英语语法 英语以谓语动词为核心，共有三种轴心结构。英语千变万化的句式，都是从这三种轴心句式结构中演变出来的。 1、主系表 2、主谓宾 3、There be 在 “there be” 句型中，动词除 be 之外，还可以由 seem, appear, stand, lie, get, become, arise, come, seem/appear to be 等担任。 e.g. In theory there seems to be no problem in supplying this amount of water. 从理论上讲，供应这么多水似乎不成问题。,随着国民经济和国防事业的发展，对通信提出了新的要求。 As our national economy and national defense develop, there arises a new demand for communication. 英语句子还有定语修饰(动词不定式、分词短语、定语从句、介词短语等)、壮语修饰(动词不定式，分词短语，壮语从句，介词短语，独立主格成分等)以及时态、语态、语气、语序、强调、插入等变化。首先要确定这些变化，才能正确传达原文意义。,1、确定句型 昨天晚上我看见史密斯先生走进了实验室。 (状主谓宾宾补) Yesterday evening I saw Mr. Smith enter the laboratory. 刚买的那台机器似乎出了毛病。 (there be) There seems something wrong with the newly-bought machine. 牛奶变酸了。 (主系表) The milk turns sour.,2、语态变化 Mr. Smith was seen to enter the laboratory yesterday evening. 3、语气变化 不然，我昨天晚上就会看见史密斯先生走进实验室。 Otherwise, I would have seen Mr. Smith enter the laboratory yesterday evening.,4、增加定语、状语、修饰成分 昨天晚上我路过教学大楼时，我看见史密斯先生身穿白衣服、头戴白帽子，走进了实验室。 Passing by the classroom building yesterday evening, I saw Mr. Smith dressed in white, wearing a white hat, enter the laboratory.,5、句子组合 如果句子中出现了两个或以上的“主-谓”结构，要考虑译为并列句、复合句、或独立结构。 E.g. 昨天晚上我看见了那个据说已经去了国外的史密斯先生进了实验室，但是我的同伴却没看见他走。 Yesterday evening I saw Mr. Smith enter the laboratory, who was said to have gone abroad, but my companion didnt.,汉语无主句的翻译,(一)动宾结构的无主句可译为被动语态。例如： 没有爱心，就无法了解人生。 Life cannot be understood without much charity (二)采用英语的存在句来译。例如： 要发展就要变，不变就不会发展。 Development means change；without change，there can be no development 街角躺着一个病重的老人。 There lies at the corner of the street an old man who is seriously ill.,三)采用英语的倒装句来译。例如： 远处传来悲壮的芦笛声。 In the distance sounded a solemn，stirring reed flute. (四)采用英语的祈使句。例如： 量体裁衣，看菜吃饭。 Fit the dress to the figure and fit the appetite to the dishes (五)采用英语的形式主语。例如： 要解决问题，还须作系统而周密的调查工作和研究工作。 In order to solve the problem it is necessary to make a systematic and thorough investigation and study,正说反译法和反说正译法(negation)-是指在翻译过程中把原文中的肯定说法变成译文中的否定说法，或把原文中的否定说法变成译文中的肯定说法。 决不辜负全国和全世界人民对我们的期望。 Live up to the expectations of our own people and the people throughout the world.,习惯用语极其常见译法,人们（有人、大家）认为 It is considered (or: thought) that 普遍（一般、通常）认为 It is generally (usually) accepted (or: agreed, recognized) that 有人（人们、大家）相信 It is believed that 大家知道（众所周知） It is well-known that,据说（有人说） It is said that 据悉（说） It is learned that 据推测 It is supposed that 据估计（预计） It is estimated (predicted, calculated) that 据报道（告） It is reported that ,可见（可以看出） It will be seen that 由此可见 It will be seen from this that 不用说（谁都知道） It is understood that 无可否认 It cannot be denied that 已经证明 It has been proved (or: demonstrated) that,可以肯定 It may be confirmed that 可以有把握地说 It may be safely said that 人们有时会问 It is sometimes asked that 人们希望 It is expected (hoped) that 必须（应该）承认 It must (should) be admitted that 必须指出 It must be pointed out that ,Sample 1,三国演义由罗贯中创作于14世纪，是一部中国历史题材小说，小说以汉朝末年和三国时期的历史演变为背景，叙述了在这个动荡（turbulent）时期发生的一系列重大事情。整个故事情节从公元168年开始一直到公元280年领土统一（reunification）时结束。小说篇幅长达80万字，分为120个章节，共描述了1191个人物角色，堪称中国文学史上四大经典小说之一。,Key to sample 1,Romance of Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel based on events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era, starting in AD 168 and ending with the reunification of the land in AD 280. It is acclaimed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature, with a grand total of 800,000 words,1191 characters, and 120 chapters.,Sample 2,秧歌舞(Yangko)是中国汉族的一种传统民间舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装(costume)，他们的表演动作有力而迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣(gong)鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上观看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同时他们也乐在其中。,Key to sample 2,The Yanggo dance is a traditional folk dance of the Han Chinese, commonly performed in the northern provinces. Yangko dancers usually wear bright and colorful costumes, and their movements are vigorous and quick. During holidays such as lunar New Year and the Lantern Festival, as soon as people hear the sound of drums and gongs they swarm into the streets to watch Yangko dance performances, no matter how cold it is outside.,Key to sample 2,In recent years, elderly people in some cities in Northeast China have been organizing themselves into Yangko teams, with the dancers mostly enjoying themselves while keeping fit all year round.,Sample 3,公元220年开始的300年里，中国分成了三个小王国。一个是魏国，位于中国北部，由曹氏家族（the Tsao family）统治。还有一个王国叫作蜀汉（Shu Han），位于中国的西南部，由刘备统治。另外一个王国叫作吴国，位于中国的东南部，由孙权（Sun Chuan）统治。中国文化里最伟大的书籍之一三国演义（the Romance of the Three Kingdoms）就是关于这段时间的。,Key to sample 3,For three hundred years starting in 220 AD, China was divided into three smaller kingdoms. One kingdom that lies in north, was called Wei, and it was ruled by the Tsao family. The second kingdom was called Shu Han, and it was ruled by Liu Bei. It was in the south-west part of China , the third kingdom was called Wu, and it was ruled by Sun Chuan. Wu was in the south-east part of China. One of the great books of Chinese literature, the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, is about this time.,Sample 4,狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。,Key to sample 4,The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China. The lion is the king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck. Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.,Sample 5,端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。,Key to sample 5,The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified. People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuans body. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.,8/4/2019,Sample 6,刺绣（是一种具有悠久传统的民间艺术，在中国艺术和手工艺品史上占有重要地位。刺绣的长期发展离不开惨的饲养和纺丝技术的发展。中国是世界上第一个发现和使用丝绸的国家。早在5000年前， 中国就开始饲养蚕。丝线和丝制品的生产促进了刺绣艺术的诞生。时至今日丝绸几乎已经传遍整个中国。 最好的绣品通常被认为来源于下面四省：江苏（尤其是苏州）、湖南四川和广东，各省绣品各具特色。,8/4/2019,Key to sample 6,Embroidery, a folk art and a long tradition, occupies an important position in the history and Chinese art ang crafts. It is in its long development, inseparable from silkworm-raising and silkreeling and weaving. China is the first country in the world that discovered the ue of silk. silkworm s were domesticated as early as 5000years ago. The production of silk thread and fabrics gave rise to the art of embroidery. Today , silk embroidery is practiced nearly all over China. It is generally agreed that the best commercial products come from four provinces: JIangsu (notably Suzhou), huanan, Sichuan and Guangdo