高三一轮复习虚拟语气2012、1022修改.ppt

虚拟语气 (unreal conditionals),1.英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气. 2. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,一、虚拟语气定义,二、虚拟语气的考点 1、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定； 2、一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法 3、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 4、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法； 5、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法。,unreal conditionals（虚拟语气）,虚拟语气的特殊结构的用法,虚拟语气在名词从句中的应用,条件状语从句 中的虚拟,teaching aims,一、条件状语从句中的虚拟 1.虚拟语气用于条件状语中，主从句的形式的考查分三种情况，,1. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake. 2. If I were you, I would not let him know the truth. 3. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.,(与过去相反),（与现在相反）,（与将来相反）,1. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt get,2. If I _ you, I _ very happy. A. were; would be B. am; shall be C. were; shall be D. am; would be,3. If it _ tomorrow, the show would be put off. A. rains B. is raining C. had rained D. should rain,4. If I had known that, I _ so. A. wouldnt do B. wouldnt have done C. wont do D. shouldnt do,2条件状语的倒装：,如果条件状语中有were, had, should时, 可以省略if构成倒装：Were / Should / Had+主语 +主+其他,Were I you, I would try it again.,Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.,Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.,1.If I were you, I would try it again.,2.If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.,3.If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.,4._the exam, he would have attend a college.,A. If he passed B. Had he passed C. Were he passed D. If he should pass,5._it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the Science Museum.,A. Were B. should C. would D. will,3、错综时间的条件句 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如： eg:If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。 If they _ hard, they _it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。,had studied,could do,经典题目 1. If you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now. asked would know had asked would have known C. asked him know D. had asked would know 2. What would have happened, _ as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther,C,D,3. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! (02 上海) A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 4. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. (95 N) A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken,B,C,注意：,even if, even through引导的让步状语从句，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词的形式与If从句中的虚拟语气的形式相同。 eg: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 即使生了病，他还去了办公室。,二、名词性从句中虚拟语气 （should）do A、宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词 suggest, order, demand, request, desire, insist, require, decide, determine, advise, recommend, deserve (值得提及) 后需用 should 型的虚拟语气。,考题点击： The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. A. finished B. be finished C. should finish D. finish 2. - What did the doctor say about your mothers illness? - He suggested that she _ an operation at once. A. must have B. had C. have D. had had,B,C,B、主语从句中的虚拟语气 基本句型： It is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do It is important, necessary, natural, desirable, strange, advisable, imperative It is a pity, a shame, no wonder,考题点击： 1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must take D. take 2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told,D,B,C、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.,考题点击： His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try,A,1. The teacher ordered that he (should) not leave the classroom. （宾语从句） 2. He gave us a suggestion that everyone (should) have a map （同位语从句） 3. It is necessary that we (should) breathe a lot of fresh air. （主语从句）,例句,【点睛】,suggest当做暗示、表明的意思讲时，后面的从句是正常语气，根据具体情况确定动词的时态。 Her red face suggested she was very shy. insist当坚持认为讲时，不用虚拟语气 he insists he _innocent and insist _set free,is,should be,1. All the teachers and students demand they _ time and freedom of their own. A. had B. must have C. have D. ought to have,2. We insist that he _ the letter. A. write B. could write C. wrote D. can write,3. The advice that every child _ well looked after has been considered. A. are B. is C. be D. must be,4. He gave orders that the homework_. A. is handed in B. was handed in C. be handed in D. were handed in,5. It is essential that a good worker _ his work on time. A. finished B. finish C. have to finish D. will finish,三、 几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；,1）wish + 宾语从句,现在： 过去： 未来：,过去时 (did/were),过去完成时 (had done),would/could/might+V. should,I wish I were a bird. (现在) I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (过去) We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (未来),2）would rather that -,现在： 过去： 未来：,I would rather you paid me now. (现在),I would rather you had gone, too. (过去),Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. (未来),过去时,过去时,过去完成时,3） as if /though + 从句,现在： 过去：,过去时,过去完成时,He looks as if he were drunk.,They talked as if they had been friends for years.,She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems as if it were spring. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.,4.Its high time +that -,should +V.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该睡觉了。,Its high time that you went. Its high time that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,5）without和but for 构成虚拟。(but for要不是),Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.,6）If only (要是就好了) If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 要是我没错过火车就好了！,If only our parents could live with us!,If only I hadnt missed the train!,7）语境中的虚拟语气 （1） 介词短语表条件 But for your help, we couldnt have succeeded. They wouldnt have reached the agreement so easily without that common ground. （2）情境中提供虚拟语气 Suppose there were no gravitational force, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped. She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.,8）Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that - 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形,1.It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. 2. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. 3. Its necessary that we should study hard.,9.通过完成形式表示虚拟,1）shouldought tocouldmight(not) have done sth 本来（不）应该应该能或许做某事，而实际上没做（做了）某事。 2）neednt have done sth 本来不必做某事，却实际做了某事。 3）would rather (not) have done sth 宁愿（不）做某事，而实际上没做（做了）某事 4）was were supposed(not) to have done sth 本来（不）应该做某事，而实际上没做（做了）某事,5）.meantplannedwanteddesiredintended hoped to have done sth或had wantedplannedwanteddesiredintendedhoped to do sth 本来（不）打算、计划、想、愿望、打算、希望做某事，而实际上没做（做了）某事。,10. waswere going to 本打算做某事 11.用“may+动词原形” 表示“但愿”“祝愿”，此时may需置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如may you be happy!祝你快乐！ May good luck be yours! 祝你顺利！,练习巩固,1 He suggested that the meeting put off. A. not be B. should not C. wouldnt D. be not 2 It is strange that he so. A. thinks B. think C.thought D. will think 3 I wish I my uncle yesterday. A. met B. have met C. would meet D. had met 4 The old professor gave orders that the experiment before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished,5. She says shed rather he _tomorrow instead of today. A. had B. should leave C. leaves D. left 6. Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time_ ? A. we are going home B. if she leaves C. we went home D. if she had left,7 Its high time he home. A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going to go 8 you succeed and you be healthy. A. Maymay B. Wishwish C. Hopehope D. Shouldmay 9 Galileo insisted that the earth round the sun. A. should move B. move C. moves D. A or B,10 If only I _ to my