lecture3专业英语的写作.ppt

科技英语论文写作,1）英语写作一般知识简介 2）写作的基本理论和技巧,标题（Title 或Topic） 作者的姓名（Authors Name） 论文作者的工作单位（Institution） 论文摘要（Abstract 或Summary） 论文的内容目录（Contents） 论文内容本身（Text） 引言（Introduction） 正文 结论或结束语（Conclusion(s)）及建议等 附录（Appendix） 致谢（Acknowledgement(s)） 作者简介（Biography）,科技英语论文的组成部分,b.Somebody (1990) gave a theoretical overview of , but c.However, these studies were limited to 近期进展情况分析： d.The method worked well at e.The models of has recently received considerable attention. f.In the last decade, several approaches of were independently proposed. g.The study of was in vogue for several years until ,对他人研究成果、观点的评估： a.By the late 1980s, researchers has started scientific work on ,What are the chances of a nuclear war in the near future? How many Americans would survive a nuclear attack? Would such an attack make living conditions impossible for the survivors? These and similar questions are being asked by citizens groups throughout this country as they debate the issue of arms control and nuclear disarmament.,These two new windmill designs will, of course, have an even more important impact on the energy industry in the future. Although these two designs may never be used on a large scale, their impact may be felt through influencing the design of even more efficient models in the years ahead.,Grateful acknowledgement is made to A special gratitude is expressed to Thanks must be given to Funding for this work was provided by the Ministry of Energy and Resources. The work was supported by National Science Foundation of China,Id like to acknowledge,Computer Imitation System for Investigation of the Feasibilities of Primary Study on Mathematical Model of Study on Torsional Vibration Analysis of ICE Crankshaft. Development of Automobile Electronics and Domestic Application. A Simulation Optimization Method for Automotive Cooling System Microprocessors in Transport,Current Status and Developing Trends of ,使用名词短语或非限定动词短语作为论文的标题,摘要的特点：,篇幅短小 语言精炼 用词规范 概括完整 内容具体 独立成文,文摘包括：研究目的、研究对象、研究方法、研究结果、所得结论、结论的使用范围等。 This paper presents/discusses/studies/deals with/investigates This paper presents an analysis of principles of magnetic refrigeration with application to air conditioning. A comparison with conventional evaporation-condensation gas cycle device is presented. Conclusions concerning the applicability of magnetic refrigeration to air conditioning are made.,The smart and light, numerical designing and machining, automation in performance test etc. represents the development orientation for automobile starters. In this paper, principle is introduced for the starter with gear speed reducer which leads the majority in starter products nowadays. The state of the art in research and development for automobile starters by computer-aided engineering technology is overviewed. New research topics are brought forth at last from our enterprises realities.,英文摘要的写作,1）英文摘要的种类与特点 随同论文一起在学术刊物上发表的摘要； 学术会议论文摘要； 学位论文摘要； 脱离原文而独立发表的摘要。,Title Author(s), address Objectives,purpose,hypotheses Methods,materials,procedures . Results,data,observations,discussion . Conclusions ,2）英文摘要的组成部分,a.This paper is performed to study the free-vibration characteristics of engine crankshaft. b.Most alternative fuels for internal combustion engines have low cetane numbers. (2)方法(methods and materials) Two digital strain gauge pressure transducers measured the vapor pressure of the upstream and downstream of the test tube. This experiment was performed by testing the vibration of automobile body/suspension,(1)目的(objectives，purposes),These results appear to refute the original assumptions. (4)结论(conclusions) It was concluded that/ It can be concluded that/ It is determined that It can be concluded that the new diagnosis method is feasible through theory analysis and experiments on 12V180 type diesel engine.,(3)结果与简短讨论(results and discussions),Title Author(s), address Background, problems that need to be solved, rationale for the present study . Objectives and scope of this study . . . Outline of the main contents and results . Conclusions:.,（1）采用正规的英语和标准的术语； （2）谓语动词很简单而句子的其余成分却十分复杂； （3）大量使用be和have的变化形式做谓语动词； （4）使用不提及人的陈述句。 （5）描述自己的工作时态用过去时或完成时，但陈述理论或事实要用现在时。,3）英文摘要的写作特点,4）撰写摘要的要点 （1）英文文摘题目（Title）的第一个单词不得用The、An或A，摘要的第一句不可与题目重复； （2）取消或减少背景信息; （3）尽量简化措辞; （4）可用动词的场合，尽量避免使用动词的名词形式； （5）注意冠词用法; （6）避免使用长系列形容词或名词来修饰名词; （7）用重要的事实开头，尽量避免用辅助从句开头。,Power consumption of telephone switching system was determined from data obtained experimentally.,5）摘要中的常用句型 （1）描述目的,b.This paper researched on the more injections effect on engine performance and emission experimentally and theoretically. c.This paper studied the application of wavelet transform in signal denoise.,a.This paper discusses the basic identification techniques of dynamic systems.,The objective of this paper is to analyze the performance of active and passive suspensions.,The goal of this study is to discuss The aim of this paper is to evaluate The purpose of this project is to examine The objective of this research is to test this survey investigate /measure/ demonstrate / analyze /determine,a. This study aims to discuss the influence of the parameters of suspension system on the smoothness and operating stability of the whole car.,This research is designed to determine This study is designed to measure This project is designed to evaluate Our project aims to calculate ,Multiple faults of injector were simulated on the experimental table, and acoustic signals that sent out by working diesel were collected over the cylinder head. Using wavelet and neural network technology, this paper analyzed the acoustic signals in detail and diagnosed the different faults successfully. The experimental system was composed of four parts, i.e. indirectly electrical heated furnace, pyrolysis reactor,online sample collected analyzer, and gas condenser & collector.,（2）描述方法,Results indicated We found that The results showed that Data suggested that It is shown that It can be concluded that The examination/investigations proves that This paper then concludes that From the table it can be seen/concluded that From the figures it may be estimated/calculated/inferred that It follows from what has been said that ,（3）描述结果,The measuring instruments were defective; accordingly/hence/consequently the experiment was a failure.,The results show that the error of estimated value of both throttle position sensor and manifold pressure sensor are less than 10%, and the strategy put forward in this paper is valid.,Exercises 1.Read and analyze the following abstract and point out the objective, methods, results and discussion. A Hybrid Internal Combustion Engine/Battery Electric Passenger Car for Petroleum Displacement I. Forster and J. R. Bumby This paper examines the potential of the hybrid electric vehicle in substituting petroleum fuel by broad-based electrical energy. In particular a hybrid car is considered. The way in which the power-train can be controlled and the effect component ratings have on