（江苏专用）2020届高考英语一轮复习专题十一细节理解课件.pptx

第三部分 阅读理解 专题十一 细节理解,高考英语 (江苏专用),Passage 1(2019江苏,A)词数:178,五年高考,A组 自主命题江苏卷题组,1.If you want to take an underground journey, which place is the best choice? A.Pooles Cavern. B.Pavilion Gardens. C.Buxton Museum. D.Green Man Gallery. 2.Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers . A.rides in small trains B.courses in modern arts C.artistic and cultural activities D.basic courses in horse riding,答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,主题语境是人与社会,旨在提高学生的文化意识。文章图文 并茂地介绍了英国的巴克斯顿,到此地游览会让你有难忘的记忆。 1.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:如果你想进行地下旅游,哪个地方是最好的选择?根据High energy标题下的journey beneath the earth at Pooles Cavern可知,A项正确。 2.C 细节理解题。本题题干意为:Buxton Opera House D:骑马基础课程。 长难句 原句:Buxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and youll find much to suit all tastes with art, music,opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House &Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man Gallery. 译文:巴克斯顿对它的文化生活感到自豪无可非议。你将在Buxton Opera House &Pavilion,Arts Centre和Green Man Gallery发现很多适合各种口味的艺术、音乐、歌剧和表演艺术。 分析:此句是并列复合句,由第一个and连接两个分句。第一个分句是Buxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life,第二个分句是youll find much to suit all tastes with art,music,opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House &Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man Gallery。 重点词汇 justifiably adv.言之有理地, 无可非议地 taste n.口味,爱好,Passage 2 (2018江苏,A)词数:187,1.How much may they pay if an 11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum? A.$12. B.$37. C.$50. D.$62. 2. The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that . A.it opens all the year round B.its collections date from the Middle Ages C.it has a modern European-style garden D.it sells excellent European glass collections,Passage 3 (2018江苏,C)词数:427 If you want to disturb the car industry, youd better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop car- makers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems (生态系统), small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青 年农会) and a family farmer myself, I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farm- ers that are transforming the industry. For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per houra huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by handsuddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out, small farmers couldnt touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of,a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business. The sustainable success of small farmers, though, wont happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning ones own land unattainable for many new farmers. From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions. Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenshipthe greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering (多于) farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nations farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people will- ing to grow the nations food. There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers cant clumsily put them together before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers,from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers. 1.The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce . A.the progress made in car industry B.a special feature of agriculture C.a trend of development in agriculture D.the importance of investing in car industry 2.What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2? A.Loans to small local farmers are necessary. B.Technology is vital for agricultural development. C.Competition between small and big farms is fierce. D.Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones. 3.What is the difficulty for those new farmers? A.To gain more financial aid.,B.To hire good farm managers. C.To have farms of their own. D.To win old farmers support. 4.What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy? A.Seek support beyond NYFC. B.Expand farmland conservation. C.Become members of NYFC. D.Invest more to improve technology.,答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。小规模农场主通过自身对行业的快速反应、使用快速收割 机等手段在效率方面也不输于大规模农场主。但是现在的农业也面临一些困难,为了有一个 更可持续的、更公平的农业经济局面,美国青年农会要获得更多的支持。 1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,作者将汽车行业与农业进行对比,由此引出农业的 特点,故选B项。 2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,作者以一种收割机the Quick Cut Greens Harvester为 例,说明了在使用快速收割工具前后,小规模耕作生产效率的变化,小型农场主比大型农场主可 能更有优势。故选D项。 3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段和第四段可知,应选C项。 4.A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知美国青年农会的功能。再根据最后一段第二句 中We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation可 知,NYFC督促议会去加强耕地保护的同时,需要更广泛的支持。因此,可持续、公平的农业经 济需要农民在NYFC之外寻求更多支持。故选A项。,长难句 原句:With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nations farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talent- ed people willing to grow the nations food. 译文:超过65岁的农民以61的比例超过年龄不到35岁的农民,以及国家2/3的农田急需新农 民,我们必须为那些乐意种植国家粮食且有天赋的人清理道路。 分析:本句含有两个with的复合结构,均在句中作状语。句子主干是we must clear the path。for talented people.为介词短语,willing to grow the nations food作后置定语。 重点词汇 disturb vt.弄乱;打扰;改变 be unlikely to do sth.不大可能做某事 innovation n.新 观念,新方法,新发现 sustainable adj.可持续的,不破坏环境的 fundamental adj.基本的;根本 的 access n.使用权,Passage 4 (2017江苏,A)词数:189,答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。介绍了一本叫CHRONOLOGICA的历史书,这本书中有人 类历史上的很多重要年份、重要事件、重要人物,还有一些不很出名的人物。 1.C 推理判断题。根据开头的 “The Unbelievable Years that Defined History”并结合后文 对这本书的描述,我们可以推断出这本书是一本历史书。 2.B 细节理解题。本文的大量篇幅被用于介绍书中的历史时间、历史事件和历史人物,由此 可知作者通过介绍书的内容的方式来推荐这本书,故选B项。 重点词汇 define vt.解释;阐明;给下定义 guarantee vt. 确保;保证 informative adj.给予 知识的 illustrate vt. (用插图、示例)说明;加插图于,Passage 5 (2016江苏,A)词数:203,1.E-Learning courses are different from other TDSB courses in that . A.they are given by best TDSB teachers B.they are not on the day school timetable C.they are not included on students reports D.they are an addition to TDSB courses 2.What do students need to do before completing e-Learning courses? A.To learn information technology on-line. B.To do their assignments independently. C.To update their mobile devices regularly. D.To talk face to face with their teachers.,答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了e-Learning courses 即网上学习课程的情况。 1.D 推理判断题。根据文章第三段的are taught by TDSB secondary school teachers可知,这些 网上学习课程只是由TDSB的老师教授,而没有说是最好的TDSB老师教, A项错误;根据第一 段的on their day school timetable可知,网上学习课程是在学生的课程表上的, B项错误;根据文 章第三段的appear on the students report upon completion可知,网上学习课程是会体现在学生 的报告书里的, C项错误;根据文章前两部分内容,尤其是Benefits of e-Learning部分的access to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB school可知,这些网上学习课程是TDSB课程 的补充,故选D项。 2.B 细节理解题。根据Is e-Learning for You?部分的capable of working independently in a re- sponsible and honest manner可知,学生要成功地学完网上课程,必须以负责和诚实的态度独立 完成作业,也就是说,学生在完成网上学习课程之前需独立完成自己的任务。文章没有提 到A、C、D三项。,长难句 原句:Students need to spend at least as much time with their on-line course work as they would in a face-to-face classroom course. 译文:在他们的网络课程学习上学生需要花费至少跟面对面班级课程上一样多的时间。 分析:本句为比较状语从句,as much time as.是一个同级比较。 高级语块 1.be available可被利用或得到的 2.provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 3.be capable of有能力,能够,Passage 6 (2016江苏,B)词数:385 Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their terri- tory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly de- cline to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food. In the laboratory, chimps dont naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at randomhe just doesnt care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish. Human children, on the other hand, are naturally cooperative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.,There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught,but natu- rally possessed in young children.One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的)skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world. The core of what childrens minds have and chimps dont is what Tomasello calls shared inten- tionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal. 1.What can we learn from the experiment with chimps? A.Chimps seldom care about others interests. B.Chimps tend to provide food for their children.,C.Chimps like to take in their neighbors food. D.Chimps naturally share food with each other. 2.Michael Tomasellos tests on young children indicate that they . A.have the instinct to help others B.know how to offer help to adults C.know the world better than chimps D.trust adults with their hands full 3.The passage is mainly about . A.the helping behaviors of young children B.ways to train childrens shared intentionality C.cooperation as a distinctive human nature D.the development of intelligence in children,答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。很小的孩子就会帮助别人,与人合作和分享,这是人的本 性。 1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的实验,尤其是倒数第二句中he just doesnt care whether his neighbor gets fed or not可知,黑猩猩不关心、不在乎同类。故选A项。其中C项干扰性较大,根 据段落中的描述可知,黑猩猩只是自私,而不是喜欢那么做。 2.A 推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句Human children, on the other hand, are naturally co- operative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.可知,小孩帮助他人是出于本能,故选A项。B项太片面;C、D两项 文中没提到。 3.C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,作者通过对黑猩猩和小孩进行实验证实了助人、与别人合 作是人独有的本能。A项干扰性较大,文章不是主要介绍小孩子的助人行为,而是把小孩的助 人行为和黑猩猩自私的行为来对比。故选C项。,长难句 原句:If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at ran- dom. 译文:如果一只黑猩猩被放在一个笼子里,在这个笼子里它能为自己拿一盘食物,或者能不付出 更多的努力就可以拿到为旁边笼子里的邻居也提供食物的盘子,它会随意拿 分析:本句中if引导条件状语从句,其中有两个定语从句,第一个为where引导的定语从句修饰 先行词a cage, 第二个为that引导的定语从句修饰先行词a plate。 高级语块 1.at random胡乱;任意地,随便地 2.no better than几乎等于 3.participate in 参加,Passage 7 (2015江苏,A) 词数:207,1.According to the Code,visitors should act . A.with care and respect B.with relief and pleasure C.with caution and calmness D.with attention and observation 2.What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand? A.Take your own camping facilities. B.Bury glass far away from rivers. C.Follow the track for the sake of plants. D.Observe signs to approach nesting birds.,答案 语篇解读 本文为应用文,主要向游客介绍了在新西兰旅游时的注意事项。 1.A 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知,文章介绍的游客须知,都在要求游客在新西兰旅游时 应该注意遵守规则并尊重当地环境。故选A项。 2.C 细节理解题。根据第七条Camp or picnic carefully中use facilities provided可知,露营野炊 要使用所提供的设施,A项错误;根据第三条Get rid of rubbish中recycle waste(e.g., glass, paper) where possible可知,玻璃、纸张等垃圾应该被回收而不是被掩埋,B项错误;根据第八条注意事 项Keep to the track下的内容可知,要走在已有的小道上,以免损伤脆弱的植被,C项符合题意;根 据第二条Protect plants and animals可知,不要在鸟类栖息地让宠物乱跑,另外根据最后一条Be considerate中observe no smoking signs可知,要注意禁烟标志,并不是接近鸟类栖息地要注意标 志,D项错误。,长难句 原句:If in doubt declare it to Customs. 译文:如果拿不准,就向海关申报。 分析:If in doubt是省略的状语从句,相当于If you are in doubt;declare it to Customs是祈使句。 declare在本句中指(向海关)申报,另外还可表示“公布,宣告”。 高级语块 1.be considerate with考虑某事;体谅某事 2.in the back country在偏僻的乡村 3.lessen the chance of.减少的可能性,Passage 1(2019课标全国,A)词数:256 Need a Job This Summer? The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program. Not a student?Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round. Jobs for Youth If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件)for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training. Who is eligible:Youth 1518 years old in select communities(社区). Summer Company Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses. Who is eligible:Students aged 1529, returning to school in the fall.,B组 统一命题、其他省（区、市）卷题组,Stewardship Youth Ranger Program You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource manage- ment projects for eight weeks this summer. Who is eligible:Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year. Summer Employment Opportunities(机会) Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups. Who is eligible:Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 2 9 for persons with a disability. 1.What is special about Summer Company? A.It requires no training before employment. B.It provides awards for running new businesses.,C.It allows one to work in the natural environment. D.It offers more summer job opportunities. 2.What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program? A.1518. B.1524. C.1529. D.1617. 3.Which program favors the disabled? A.Jobs for Youth. B.Summer Company. C.Stewardship Youth Ranger Program. D.Summer Employment Opportunities.,Passage 2(2019课标全国,C)词数:261 As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric (生物测量)technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces. At pre- sent, these technologies are still expensive, though. Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples iden- tities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer its connected to regardless of whether someone gets the password right. It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with. Every- body uses a keyboard and everybody types differently. In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”,four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize dif- ferent participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. 1.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard? A.To reduce pressure on keys. B.To improve accuracy in typing. C.To replace the password system. D.To cut the cost of e-space protection. 2.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible? A.Computers are much easier to operate. B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast. C.Typing patterns vary from person to person. D.Data security measures are guaranteed.,3.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard? A.Itll be environment-friendly. B.Itll reach consumers soon. C.Itll be made of plastics. D.Itll help speed up typing. 4.Where is this text most likely from? A.A diary. B.A guidebook. C.A novel. D.A magazine.,答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境是科学与技术,主题语境内容为科技发展。文章介 绍了Georgia Tech的研究者们想出了一种低成本的装置智能键盘,来保护私人的电子空 间,并希望这种设备能尽快进入市场,服务消费者。本文侧重培养学生的创新能力。 1.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:研究者们为什么研发智能键盘?根据文章第一段可知,现在 一些阻止别人进入私人电子空间的技术成本仍然很高。因此,来自Georgia Tech的研究者们想 出了一种低成本的(low-cost)装置智能键盘,来应对这个问题。所以答案为D项:减少电子 空间保护的成本。A:减轻对按键的压力;B:提升打字的精确度;C:取代密码系统。 2.C 细节理解题。本题题干意为:什么使智能键盘这项发明成为可能?根据第二段第四句 “These patterns are unique to each person.”可知,因为每个人的打字模式各不相同,所以智能 键盘能识别人的身份,保护人的隐私。所以答案为C项:打字模式因人而异。A:计算机很容易 操作;B:指纹扫描技术发展很快;D:数据安全措施有保证。 3.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:研究者们对智能键盘期待什么?根据文章最后一段最后两 句话,研究者们说键盘应该直接商业化,智能键盘主要是由价格低廉的塑料类配件制成,团队希,Passage 3(2019课标全国,D)词数:309 Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物)from our bodies grow unco