计算机导论答案.pdf

Computing Essentials 2008练习答案 Chapter 1: Information Technology, The Internet, and You Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. Clue Answer 1 The most essential part of an information system. People 7 Coordinates computer resources. Operating System 10 Modifies signals for processing. Modem 12 Data that has been processed by the computer. Information 13 Unprocessed facts. Data 14 Notebook computer that accepts handwritten input Tablet PC Down Num. Clue Answer 2 Uses computers to become more productive. End User 3 Rules or guidelines to follow when using software, hardware, and data. Procedures 4 Created by word processors. Document Files 5 Specialized programs that allow input and output devices to communicate. Device Drivers 6 Created by database management programs. Database Files 8 The physical equipment of a microcomputer. Hardware 9 The worlds largest computer network. Internet 13 Provides step-by-step instructions to the computer. Software Num Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers 1 B E 2 B F 3 A I 4 B H 5 D A 6 D C 7 A G 8 C B 9 D D 10 D J Chapter 2: The Internet, The Web, and Electronic Commerce Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. Clue Answer 2 Provide users a connection to the Internet. ISP 3 Unwelcome e-mail. Spam 5 Explore the Web. Surf 7 Internet uploading and downloading service. FTP 8 Steals credit card information. Carder 9 A file, such as a document or worksheet, that is attached to an e-mail message. Attachment 10 Involves the sale of a product to another business. B2B 13 Connection to Web resources. Link 15 Process of transferring information from a remote computer to the computer one is using. Download Down Num. Clue Answer 1 The sites that a search engine returns after running a keyword search. Hits 4 Special program written in Java. Applet 5 Locates information online. Search Engine 6 Location of Web resource. URL 11 Program that provides access to Web Browser 12 Used to block certain sites. Filter 14 Provides high-speed connection using existing telephone lines. DSL Num Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers 1 d i 2 a d 3 c g 4 c e 5 a f 6 a c 7 a h 8 a j 9 d a 10 b b Chapter 3: Basic Application Software Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. Clue Answer 4 Rectangular area that contains messages. Window 5 System to organize and retrieve data. DBMS 8 Collection of individual applications. Software Suite 10 Rearrange records using a field. Sort 11 Formed by intersection of row and column. Cell 14 Collection of related data. Database 16 Flyer, report, newsletter, Web page. Document 17 These make up a presentation. Slides 18 Question or request for data in a database. Query Down Num. Clue Answer 1 List of commands. Menu 2 Rectangular grid of rows and columns used in programs like Excel. Worksheet 3 Has records and fields. Table 6 Controls format and placement of slides. Master Slide 7 Requests user input. Dialog Box 9 Moves insertion point to next line. Word Wrap 12 Series of cells. Range 13 A vertical block of cells one cell wide. Column 15 Contain buttons and menus. Toolbars Num Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers 1 D J 2 D A 3 B C 4 D H 5 D B 6 A D 7 B I 8 B E 9 C G 10 D F Chapter 4: Specialized Application Software Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. Clue Answer 2 Used to create real-time 3-D animation. VRML 4 Design tool used to plan multimedia presentations. Story Board 6 Editing software used to create MP3s. ACID 8 A type of personal Web site where articles are regularly posted. BLog 9 Creating a site. Web authoring 10 Representation of overall site design. Graphical map 13 Image recorded as a collection of objects. Vector image 15 Widely used type of Web animation. Flash Down Num. Clue Answer 1 Composed of thousands of pixels. Bitmap image 3 Special effect that blends images together. Morphing 5 User participation. Interactivity 7 Allows responses like “OK” and “Great!” Fuzzy Logic 11 Dots that make up an image. Pixels 12 Connection between pages in a multimedia presentation. Link 14 Attempt to develop computers that mimic human senses. AI Num Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers 1 A I 2 A G 3 A D 4 B E 5 A C 6 B F 7 C H 8 B B 9 A J 10 B A Chapter 5: System Software Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. Clue Answer 5 Program that makes copies of files in case of damage or loss. Backup 6 Boot that occurs when the computer is already on. Warm boot 8 Combination of several utility programs in one package. Utility Suite 9 Allows communication between devices and the operating system. Driver 11 Concentric rings on a disk. Tracks 12 Used to control and coordinate networked computers. NOS Down Num. Clue Answer 1 Location to store related files. Folder 2 Computer that coordinates all communication between other computers. Network server 3 Uses graphical elements to communicate with the operating system. GUI 4 Broken-up file stored in different sectors. Fragmented 5 Starting or restarting a computer. Booting 7 Operating system with over 80 percent of the market. Windows 10 Graphic objects on the desktop used to represent programs and other files. Icons Num Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers 1 C J 2 D D 3 C F 4 A B 5 A G 6 C H 7 B A 8 B E 9 A I 10 C C Chapter 6: The System Unit Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. Clue Answer 6 Assists with the installation of expansion cards. Plug and Play 8 Memory which improves processing by acting as a temporary high-speed holding area between memory and the CPU. Cache 10 Controls the speed of operations. System Clock Down Num. Clue Answer 1 Part of a microcomputer that contains the CPU. System Unit 2 Controls and manipulates data to produce information. Microprocessor 3 The number of bits that can be accessed by the microprocessor at one time. Word 4 Holding area for data, instructions, and information. Memory 5 Used to connect external devices to system unit via ports. Cable 7 Unit consisting of eight bits. Byte 9 Most widely used microprocessor binary coding scheme. ASCII Num Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers 1 D J 2 B A 3 C C 4 B H 5 B G 6 A I 7 A D 8 C E 9 B F 10 C B Chapter 7: Input and Output Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. Clue Answer 6 Used to grade multiple choice exams. OMR 9 Specialized digital camera that broadcasts images over the Internet. WebCam 10 Records images digitally on a disk. Digital camera 13 Most popular input device used for computer games. Joystick 14 Delivers much clearer picture than regular TV. HDTV 16 Resolution is expressed as a matrix of these dots. Pixel 17 Keyboard that rolls up for storage and transport. Flexible Down Num. Clue Answer 1 The distance between each pixel. Dot pitch 2 Most commonly used way to input data. Keyboard 3 Button rotated to scroll through information displayed on the monitor. Wheel Button 4 Most widely used type of mouse. Mechanical 5 Type of terminal that does no processing. Dumb 7 Number of times a screen is redrawn each second. Refresh rate 8 Measure of resolution. dpi 11 Keys that turn features on and off. Toggle 12 Translates processed information into hard copy. Printer 15 Bar code system used in supermarkets. UPC Num Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers 1 A I 2 B E 3 A F 4 B J 5 D A 6 A B 7 D G 8 C D 9 D C 10 B H Chapter 8: Secondary Storage Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. Clue Answer 5 Improves hard-disk performance by anticipating data needs. Disk caching 6 Web-based storage. Internet drive 7 Invisible wedge-shaped division of a track. Sector 8 Portable and removable storage device. Floppy 10 Runs through each track of a stack of platters. Cylinder 11 How tightly the bits can be packed next to each other. Density Down Num. Clue Answer 1 Ring of concentric circles without visible grooves. Track 2 Grouped disk drives treated as one hard disk by the computer system. RAID 3 Measures the amount of time required to retrieve data. Access time 4 Represent 1s and 0s. Pits and lands 9 Disk with 500 times the storage as a standard floppy. Zip Num Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers 1 A G 2 A A 3 C J 4 A I 5 C D 6 A B 7 C H 8 D C 9 D F 10 C E Chapter 9: Communications and Networks Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. Clue Answer 5 Interprets and routs incoming radio frequencies. Base station 7 Continuous electronic waves. Analog 9 Configuration of a network. topology 10 Network interface card. NIC 11 Transfer speed or transfer rate. bps 12 Short range wireless communication standard. bluetooth 14 Measurement of the width of the communication channel. bandwidth Down Num. Clue Answer 1 Node that requests and uses resources available from other nodes. client 2 Each device in the network handles its own communications. Bus network 3 Device that allows links between LANs. Network gateway 4 Process that converts digital to analog. modulation 6 Pieces of a message sent over the Internet. packets 8 Global positioning system. GPS 13 Any device that is connected to a network. node 15 Uses existing telephone lines to provide high-speed connections. DSL 16 Central node for other nodes. hub Num Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers 1 C G 2 B B 3 A A 4 D I 5 C H 6 D E 7 B C 8 B J 9 D D 10 D F Chapter 10: Privacy and Security Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. Clue Answer 3 Malicious software Malware 6 Program that records keystrokes and activities Keystroke logger 7 Used to record virtually everything done on a computer Snoopware 8 Those who gain access to systems for the fun and challenge Hacker 9 Includes the locations of sites visited by your browser History file Down Num. Clue Answer 1 Programs that record information on Web site visitors. Cookie 2 Device that separates the computer from the power source. Surge protector 4 Study of human factors related to the things people use. Ergonomics 5 Those who gain access to systems for malicious purposes Cracker Num Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers 1 A G 2 A H 3 D F 4 B A 5 B B 6 C C 7 D J 8 C D 9 B I 10 D E Chapter 11: Information Systems Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. Clue Answer 3 Level of management concerned with strategic planning. Top 5 Identifies, investigates, and develops new products and services. Research 9 Report produced upon request. Demand 10 Someone who makes decisions in a DSS. User 11 Model that helps middle-level managers in long-range planning. Tactical 12 Information worker involved in the creation of information. Knowledge worker 14 Concerned with calculating employee paychecks. Payroll 16 Specialized information system that knowledge workers use. KWS 17 Keeps track of summaries of all foregoing transactions. General ledger Down Num. Clue Answer 1 The buying of materials and services. Purchasing 2 Plans, prices, promotes, sells, and distributes goods and services. Marketing 4 Form that shows supply and order information. Purchase order 6 Report that calls attention to unusual events. Exception 7 Help top-level managers oversee operations and develop plans. ESS 8 Information worker that distributes information. Data worker 13 Use data from TPS to support middle managers. MIS 15 Level of management concerned with decision making. Middle Num Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers 1 B H 2 B J 3 A F 4 D D 5 D G 6 A B 7 C A 8 C C 9 C I 10 B E Chapter 12: Databases Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. Clue Answer 1 Used to control access to internal networks. Firewall 3 Items that contain both data and instructions to manipulate the data. Objects 6 Proprietary database. Data bank 7 Type of processing where data collected over time is processed at one time. Batch 8 Facts or observations about people, places, things, and events. Data 13 Data captured or saved using a microphone. Audio 16 Multiple files on the same subject or person. Data redundancy 17 Points connected like the branches of a tree. Nodes Down Num. Clue Answer 2 Type of database available over the Web. Web 4 Similar objects grouped together. Classes 5 A collection of related fields. Record 6 Problems that occur when one or more files are overlooked. Data integrity 9 Uniquely identifies each record. Primary field 10 Technique used to search databases for information and patterns. Data mining 11 Focuses on the meaning and content of the data. Logical view 12 Distinctive field in each record of a database. Key Field 14 Descriptions of how data is to be manipulated. Methods 15 Person, place, thing, or object. Entity Num Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers 1 D E 2 B C 3 B D 4 C I 5 A B 6 C A 7 D H 8 A G 9 A J 10 A F Chapter 13: Systems Analysis and Design Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. Clue Answer 3 Systems implementation Conversion 8 Collection of activities and elements organized to accomplish a goal. System 9 Build a model that can be modified before the system is installed. Prototyping 10 Automated design tool. CASE 12 Approach where new system is tried in only one part of an organization. Pilot 14 Shows levels of management and formal lines of authority. Organization chart 15 List of questions. Checklist Down Num. Clue Answer 1 1st step in the design phase. Feasibility 2 Study an organizations systems. Systems analysis 4 Systems performance is compared to the original specifications. System audit 5 Approach where new system is implemented slowly over time. Phased 6 Conversion done by abandoning old system and starting the new. Direct approach 7 Diagram that shows the information flow within an organization. Data flow 11 Shows the relationship between input and output documents. Grid chart 12 Old and new systems are operated side by side. Parallel 13 The most commonly overlooked activity in the implementation phase. Training Num Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers 1 A G 2 D H 3 A F 4 C D 5 D C 6 D A 7 A B 8 D I 9 A J 10 C E Chapter 14: Programming and Languages Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. Clue Answer 1 Writing a program. Coding 6 A list of instructions for the computer to follow. Program 9 Represent the steps needed to solve a programming problem. Program flowchart 10 Programmer that ensures current programs remain error free. Maintenance 12 The problem a user is trying to solve. Objective 13 Structure that describes a process that may be repeated while a condition is true. Loop 14 Testing and then eliminating errors. Debugging 15 Tools that provide some automation in program design, coding, and testing. CASE Down Num. Clue Answer 1 Converts procedural language into machine language code. Compiler 2 Error that is a violation of the rules of a progra