高三英语非谓语动词课件.ppt

非谓语动词语法讲解,I.非谓语动词时态、语态形式对照表：,在成份上非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.,1.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. 2.I want to see you. 3.I want him to see you. 4.My hope is to see you. 5.He is the man to see you. 6.Im glad to see you. 7.I went to see you. 8.He went so early as to see you,（作主语）,(作宾语）,（作宾补）,(作表语）,（作定语）,（作原因状语）,（作目的状语）,（作结果状语）,1.This cup is broken. 2.This is a broken cup. 3.I found the cup broken. 4.Broken by Tom, the cup cant be used. 过去分词一般不作主语、宾语.,(作表语）,(作定语),(作宾语补足语）,(作状语）,1.Swimming is his favorite sport. 2.He enjoys swimming. 3.I found him swimming in the river. 4.His favorite sport is swimming. 5.He is the man swimming in the river just now. 6.Swimming in Summer, we can get cool.,(作主语）,(作宾语）,(作宾补）,(作表语）,(作定语）,(作状语）,在时态上 1.China is a developing country =a country which is developing. 2.Japan is a developed country =a country which has developed. 3.I found him gone. =that he had gone.(表完成）,ing分词表“进行” ed分词表“完成”,在语态上，ing分词表“主动”，ed分词表“被动”（多为及物动词）,1.I saw him writing a short novel. =that he was writing a short novel. 2.He was reading a novel written by Charles Dickens. =which was written by Charles Dichens. 在概念上，ing.表“抽象、习惯”,不定式表“具体、偶然、将来”. *Swimming (抽象）is my favorite sport and I like swimming(习惯）every day, but I dont like to swim(具体）today, I would like to swim(将来）tomorrow.,ed+主句（不强调时间先后）;Being ed+主句（强调主句和从句动作同时发生）;Having been ed+主句（强调时间先后）如不强调时间先后可用ed,一般式来代替.,1.Used as a means of traffic in China, the bike is very useful. 2.Being used by me now, the bike cant be lent to you. 3.Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing. 4.Written in simple English, the book is easy to read. 5.Having been told several times, 可以写成=Told several times,he couldnt,understand what I meant.,7.非谓语动词的用法区别 不定式和动名词作宾语的区别：,.下列动词常用不定式作宾语： aim ,ask, dare ,appear, arrange ,demand, help, hesitate, pay, plan, wait, fail, seek, prepare, happen, mean, prove, expect, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree, choose, promise, pretend, manage, care, determine, afford等。 如：He offered to help us . I didnt expect to find you here They refused to accept his invitation The little boy pretended to be asleep when his mother came in,(2)下列动词通常用ing形式作宾语：,admit, report, appreciate, deny, explain, mention, resist, stand, stop, imagine, recall, suggest, mind, finish, enjoy, keep, practise, miss, avoid, delay, excuse, escape, consider, advise等。 如：Would you mind my smoking here ? The girl was told to practise playing the piano for three hours every day Good news keeps coming. Tina suggested spending the weekend on her farm Have you finished correcting the students papers?,(3)下列动词接不定式与接ing形式意义相近：,like，love, hate, dislike, begin, start, prefer，continue, intend，attempt等. 如：I prefer making (to make) an outline before I do my oral composition We all like playing (to play) table tennis Then they began making (to make) plans for the work 但是它们之间也有细微区别： *指具体某次的行为常用不定式，指惯常的行为常用ing形式. 如：I like reading books of this kind(惯常行为) I hate to say so，but really I cant go with you(具体某次行为),I prefer to stay at home today(具体某次行为) He prefers walking to cycling(惯常行为) *一般说来不能用于进行时的动词如：realize，know，understand，see，lose等，多用不定式 如：I began to realize I had been wrong. We hate to lose the chance . Now we are beginning to see it more clearly.,(4)下列动词接不定式与接ing形式时意义不同：,stop to do 停下(正在做的事)去做另一件事 / stop doing 停下正在做的事 如：Seeing an old man carrying a big bag, I stopped to help him Hearing the bell ,the students stopped playing and ran into the classroom forget to do忘记做某事(此事未做)/ forget doing忘记曾做过某事(此事已做) 如He forgot to post the letter when he walked past the post office Ill never forget seeing him for the first time,remember to do记得要做某事(此事未做)/ remember doing记得某事已做过(此事已做) 如：I remember seeing her once somewhere You must remember to take your umbrella when you leave home go on to do继续做另一件事 go on doing接着做同一件事 如：She stood up and shook hands with me, and then she went on writing something AfterIfinishedmyhomework,1wentontoreadthenovel try to do企图想做某事 try doing试着做某事(看看有什么后果发生) 如：We tried to persuade him to go with us, but he wouldnt listen Lets try doing the work some other way.,mean to do (意思是)想做某事 mean doing意味着做某事 如：Revolution means librating the productive force Sorry ,I didnt mean to hurt you regret to do遗憾地做某事(通常后接say ,tell等动词)/ regret doing后悔做了某事 如：I regret to tell that you didnt pass the exam again He regretted having told her the bad news,(5)注意有些动词如：advise，permit ,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider接不定式与接ing形式的不同结构。,这些动词后面跟复合宾语时，用不定式作宾补。 advisepermitallowadmitforbidimagineconsidersbto do sth 如：The doctor advised me not to go to bed too late. Please permit me to introduce myself to you first You surely cant consider him to be a selfish man My parents forbid me to stay out after mid-night I allowed the children to play in my room for another five minutes.,这些动词后面直接跟非谓语动词时，用动名词doing.,advisepermitallowadmitforbidimagineconsiderdoing sth. 如：The little boy admitted having broken the glass They shouldnt allow parking in the street ; its too narrow. Can you imagine my being so stupid ? I forbid smoking in my house We do not permit smoking in the office,5)We all consider John_ (be) an honest boy. 6)Our boss forbids_ (chat) during office hours . 7)The rules do not permit players _(step) out of bounds. 8)The boy begged to permit him_ (explain). 9)The young man imagined _(live) on a lonely island. 10) It was useless to forbid children _(play) here.,to play,living,to explain,to step,chatting,to be,16) This kind of car is nice but I cant afford _(buy) one. 17) Im sorry I forgot _(tell) you about the meeting . 18) She tried _(comfort) me by saying some funny things 19) Going on waiting here means _(waste) our time . 20) They went on _(work) in the fields in spite of the heavy rain.,working,wasting,comforting,to tell,to buy,8不定式、分词和动名词作定语的区别：,(1)动词不定式作定语通常放在被修饰的名词后面。 如：I have something important to tell you The poor children had little to eat 它和被修饰的名词有时有动宾关系。 如：There is some books for you to read(可看成：to read some books) Id like to get something to drink(可看成：to drink something),如果这这个作定语的不定式是一个不及物动词，注意不可忽略不定式短语中的副词或介词。 如：I need a pen to write with(可看成：to write with the pen) She now has nothing to worry about(可看成：to worry about nothing),(3)不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语有时在时态上有区别：,*不定式作定语表示将来的动作。 如：The bridge to be built next month is the third bridge across the river *现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作。 如：The bridge being built now is the third bridge across the river *过去分词作定语表示已完成的动作。 如：The bridge built last year is the third bridge across the river,即时巩固练习,用所给动词的正确形式填空： 1)The man_ (question) in the police station now is a spy 2)A man_ (respect) others will be respected 3)she can find no one _(make) friends with 4)Is there anybody _ (answer) the question ? 5)Half of the guests _(invite) to the conference were foreigners.,being questioned,respecting,to make,to answer,invited,6)She would be the best _(agree) the opinion 7)The matter _(discuss) is very important 8)That is the way _(operate) the machine 9)She was then a professor _(love) by all her students 10)With much money _(spend)，the boy formed a bad habit,to agree,being discussed,to operate,loved,to spend,9.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾补的区别：,*现在分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作在进行。 如：I saw him falling off his bike just at that moment (看到他时他正从自行车上掉下来。) He found himself lying on the ground when he came to himself (他苏醒过来时正躺在地上。) *不定式作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作的过程。 如：I saw him fall off his bike and hurt his left leg,(看到他从自行车上掉下来，并且摔伤了腿。动作有先后，是全过程。) They were made to work day and night (他们被迫日夜干活，天天如此，不是某个时刻正在干活。) *过去分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有被动关系。 如：I heard my name called by someone (我的名字被叫，my name和called是被动关系。) I felt a great weight taken off my mind. (重担被卸下来了，a great weight和taken off是被动关系。),即时巩固练习,用所给动词的正确形式填空： 1)I meant to buy an evening paper, but I didnt see anyone _(sell) them. 2)I know that _(be) a fact. 3)Paul doesnt have to be made _(learn). He always work hard. 4)The patient was warned _(not eat) after the examine. 5)Just now I saw a man_ (walk) in the street, with a little girl _(seat) on his shoulder,selling,to be,to learn,not to eat,walking,seated,6)The lady loved to have her luggage _(weigh). 7 )Who did the teacher have _(clean) the blackboard just now? 8)Businesses are beginning _ (develop) new methods of reaching customers. 9)The thief was caught_ (steal) goods in the supermarket again 10)-What happened to Mr. White early this morning ? -Oh，he was seen_ (knock) down and the driver_ (drive) away,weighed,clean,to develop,stealing,knocked,drove,10.不定式和分词表示结果时的区别： *不定式表示结果，含有没有预料到的情况的意味。 如：I got up only to find it was raining outside (起来时没有料到在下雨。) He was too excited to say a word (太激动了说不出话，是没有预料到的情况。) *分词表示结果包含着一种必然发生的情况。 如：His parents died，leaving him a lot of mone