古琴.ppt.ppt

the guqin,the guqin is the modern name for plucked seven-string（七弦琴） chinese musical instrument of the zither family with a history of more than 3000 years.the prefix “gu-“(meaning “ancient“) was later for clarification.it is sometimes referred to by the chinese as “the father of chinese music“ or “the instrument of the sages“.,it has traditionally been favored by scholars and literati as an instrument of great subtlety and refinement, as highlighted by the quote “a gentleman does not part with his qin or se without good reason,“ as well as being associated with the ancient chinese philosopher confucius.,since gu qin produce up to now, past dynasties has a record of gu qin. zhou: as a court gagaku accompaniment to play right hand loose tone is given priority to, string number by five to 27 string inequality.mainly as the singers accompaniment.as a pure instrumental music play a boya, the son the story of the mountain stream period (in the lu shi chun qiu “, “liezi“).a famous violinist the period of the spring and autumn zhongyi desert, division, in the warring states period boya, harmony door weeks.qinqu famous “high mountain running water“, “spring, snow white“.,自古琴产生至今,历代都有对古琴的记载。 周朝：作为宫廷里雅乐伴奏，以弹右手散音为主，弦数由五至二十七弦不等。主要作为歌唱的伴奏。作为纯器乐弹奏有伯牙、子期高山流水的故事（见于吕氏春秋、列子）。著名琴师有春秋时期的钟仪、师旷，战国时期的伯牙、雍门周。著名琴曲有高山流水、阳春、白雪。,汉朝：七弦琴制基本定型，左手指法已有相当发展。著名琴论专著有桓谭的新论、蔡邕的琴操、扬雄的琴清英、刘向的琴说。著名琴曲有聂政刺韩王曲、蔡氏五弄、别鹤操、饮马长城窟,the han dynasty: heptachord system basic finalize the design, the left hand fingering has a development. famous harp theory monographs have huan tan “theory“, the basis of the qincao “, yang xiong “harp clear english“, liuxiang “jean said“. qinqu famous “niezheng thorn hanwang song“, “chua five lane“, “dont crane operation“, “drink machangcheng wat“,jin and southern and northern dynasties: appears one batch of yearning super the hermit thought qingu scholars, such as the period of wei and jin dynasty, ruan ji and ji kang recites thinks, the northern and southern dynasties era of wear yong, zongbing, liuyun and willow harmonic. other famous jin qingu have caiyan (wenji), a plucked stringed instrument, liukun. qinqu famous “after scattered“, “wine crazy“, “plum blossom three lane“, “black night cry“ and the oldest text spectrum “jieshi adjustable orchid“ (liangqiu ming in preaching). important harp theory monographs have attained the harp fu “, xiezhuang “harp theory“, been yeast the tweedle law map “, chenzhongru the harp with fingering “,魏晋南北朝：出现一批向往超世隐逸思想的文人琴家，如魏晋时期的阮籍、嵇康、左思，南北朝时代的戴喁、宗炳、柳恽和柳谐。其他著名琴家有魏晋的蔡琰（文姬）、阮咸、刘琨。著名琴曲有广陵散、酒狂、梅花三弄、乌夜啼及现存最早的文字谱碣石调幽兰（南朝梁丘明所传）。重要琴论专著有嵇康的琴赋、谢庄的琴论、麴瞻的琴声律图、陈仲儒的琴用指法。,隋唐：唐曹柔发明减字谱，制琴术的发展。著名琴人有：隋的李疑、贺若弼、王通、王绩和唐的赵耶利、董庭兰、薛易简、陈康士、陈拙。著名琴曲有大胡笳、小胡笳、昭君怨、离骚、阳关三叠、渔歌调。琴论专著有薛易简的琴书正声。,sui and tang dynasties: tang cao soft invention reduce word spectrum, the development of art making guitars. famous guqin has: li sui doubt, herebi, about chunqiu, wangji and tangs zhaoye interest, dongtinglan, xueyijian, chenkangshi, chen station. qinqu famous “dahujia“, “small hujia“, “wang zhaojun quarrels with his“, “li sao“, “the departure at the fron“, “fishermans song tone“. harp theory monographs have xueyijian “qinshu is sound“.,宋元：一弦、二弦、七弦、九弦琴的制作。阁谱、江西谱、浙谱的流行。北宋时调子（琴歌）的盛行。北宋的琴僧系统，琴僧有夷中、知白、义海则全、照旷。文人琴家有欧阳修、沈遵、崔闲、苏轼；浙派琴家有郭楚望、杨瓒、徐天民、毛敏仲；金元琴家有苗秀实、耶律楚材。代表琴曲有胡笳十八拍、楚歌、潇湘水云、渔歌、泽畔吟、醉翁吟、古怨。琴论专著有朱长文的琴史、崔尊度的琴笺、刘藉的琴议、陈敏子的琴律发微、则全和尚的节奏-指法等。现存较早的减字谱谱式有宋姜夔白石道人歌曲中的古怨、元事林广记中的黄莺吟和宋杨瓒的紫霞洞琴谱（佚）。,song: a string, the urheen and seven string, nine string music production. pavilion spectrum, jiangxi spectrum, zhejiang spectrum of pop. when the northern song dynasty cadence (piano song) prevailing. the northern song dynasty harp monk system, jean monk have in yi, know, white, yihai is full, and according to the desert. qingu scholars have ouyang xiu, shen do, cui idle, su shi, zhejiang sent qingu have guochu inspection, yang zan, xutianmin, maominzhong; dollar qingu have miaoxiushi, and fills the law. on behalf of the qinqu have the hujia 18 pat “, “chu song,“ “xiaoxiang waterclouds“, “fishermans song“, “zepan sing“, “the drunk weng sing“, “ancient quarrels with his“. harp theory monographs have zhuchangwen “music history“, cui honour degree of the harp depicting “, liu through the harp discussion “, chenminzi “harp law fawei“, were all monk “rhythm - fingering“ and so on. existing earlier minus word spectral spectrum type have song claims the white stone that man song “in the“ ancient quarrels with his “, yuan “things linguang to record“ in the huangyingyin “and songyang zan“ purple xia hole tablature “(are).,明朝：琴派兴盛，著名的琴家有徐仲和、严徵、徐青山。代表琴曲有秋鸿、平沙落雁、渔樵问答、释谈章等。琴论有冷谦的琴声十六法和徐青山的溪山琴况，刊印琴谱流行。,the ming dynasty: piano send prosperity, the famous qingu have xuzhong, strict and features, xuqingshan. on behalf of the qinqu “autumn hong“, “pingsha fall wild goose“, “the question and answer“, “release about chapter“ and so on. harp theory have lengqian the tweedle 16 law and xuqingshan the creek mountain harp regime “, publish tablature pop.,清朝：刊印了大量的古琴谱集，琴家有：庄臻凤、程雄、徐祺等。代表琴曲有水仙操、龙翔操。琴论有戴源的鼓琴八则、蒋文勋的琴学粹言、庄臻凤的琴学心声-凡例。,the qing dynasty: publish a large number of ancient tablature set, qingu: zhuangzhen chicken, chengxiong, xuqi, etc. on behalf of the qinqu have “narcissus operation“, “dragon operation“. harp theory have daiyuan “drum music eight is“, jiangwenxun “piano learning to extract speech“, zhuangzhen chicken “piano learning aspirations - fanli“.,modern: a famous music people have: fujian pie zhutongjun, sichuan pie zhangkongshan, ruler of the cities wangpu long (heart source), wanglou (heart kwai), wanglubin and huangmian, yangzongji.,近代：著名琴人有：闽派的祝桐君、川派的张孔山、诸城派的王溥长（心源）、王露（心葵）、王鲁宾及黄勉之、杨宗稷。代表琴曲有流水（天闻阁琴谱）、醉渔唱晚、长门怨、关山月。论著有杨宗稷的琴学丛书、祝桐君的与古斋琴谱、陈世骥的制曲要篇。琴曲中工尺谱的引进。（琴学丛书-琴镜）。,现代前期：琴社活动盛行，琴论有周庆云的琴史补、琴史续琴书存目，今虞琴社编的今虞琴刊，中国音乐研究所和北京古琴研究会编的存见古琴曲谱辑览、历代琴人传。琴曲有忆故人、泣颜回。古琴改革的推行。 现代后期：大量新琴曲的创作，古琴音乐交响化，专业作曲家加入古琴创作行列。,modern prophase: piano club activities prevail. chinese music institute and beijing guqin research compiled “save see gu qin opern jilan“, “the music man preach“. qinqu have the “memories old friend“, “cry yanhui“. the implementation of gu qin reform. modern later: a large number of new qinqu creation, gu qin music symphony change, professional composers to join the ranks guqin creation.,guqins measurement line is 3 feet 65 inches repreaenting the 365 days in a year.the top part is rount representing the sky.the bottom part is flat,representing the earth.the whole body of the gunqin correapond the body of phoenix which is a bird of wonder,also the body of gunqin looks like the human body,with head,neck,shoulder,waist and feet etc.,琴一般长约三尺六寸五（约120-125公分），象征一年三百六十五天（一说象周天365度）。一般宽约六寸（20公分左右）。一般厚约二寸（6公分左右）。琴体下部扁平，上部呈弧凸起，分别象征天地。整体形状依凤身形而制成，其全身与凤身相应（也可说与人身相应），有头、颈、肩、腰、尾、足。,there are 13 starts/markers representing the 13 month of chinese lunar year.the stars/markers are filled in the guqin with shells or gold,silver,jade,pearl make point,called the “hui“(emblem) to indicate the sound position.the biggest hui (start/marker) representing the lunar month.,自魏晋时古琴的表面便设置了十三个琴徽，即琴弦外侧镶嵌了十三个用贝壳或者金、银、玉石、珍珠做成点，称作“徽”，表明泛音的位置，提示按弦。十三徽分别象征十二月，而居中最大之徽代表君象征闰月。,there are 7strings in of gunqin.the first 5 in pentatonic scale representing 5 elements metal,wood,water,fire and earth.the 6 string was added by king wen when his son was died.so the 6 string is sorrowful.the 7 string was added by king wu when he encourage his soldiers to go the war.so the 7 string is very strong.,古琴最初只有五根弦，内含五行，金、木、水、火、土；外合五音，宫、商、角、徵、羽。后来文王囚于羑里，思念其子伯邑考，加弦一根，是为文弦；武王伐纣，加弦一根，是为武弦。合称文武七弦琴。,a famous tang dynasty (618907) qin, the “jiu xiao huan pei“(九宵还赔)legend has it that the qin, the most revered of all chinese musical instruments, has a history of about 5,000 years.this legend states that the legendary figures of chinas pre-history fuxi, shennong and huang di, the “yellow emperor“ were involved in its creation.nearly almost al