肯尼亚钻井设计.doc

THE KENYA ELECTRICITY GENERATING COMPANY LIMITEDOLKARIA GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTOW-11A DRILLING PROGRAM肯尼亚电力有限公司奥卡利亚 地热开发项目OW-11A钻井设计WELL井号: OW-11AFIELD场地: OLKARIA EAST 东奥卡利亚ESTIMATED DRILLING DAYS预估钻井天数: 55RIG钻机: KGN-1 Circulation List Copies 分发名单 复印件1. Geothermal Development Manager 1 地热开发经理2. Ass. Manager Engineering logistics 1 副经理 工程/物流3. Ass Manager Resource Development 1 副经理 资源开发4. Ass. Manager Reservoir Steam field 1 副经理 油藏/汽田5. Drilling Engineers 1 钻井工程师6. Drilling Superintendent 1 钻井主管7. Reservoir Engineer 1油藏工程师8. Senior Geologists 2高级地质师9. Drilling Supervisors 2 钻井监督10. Project Manager Hisin 1海鑫项目经理 Total Copies 共计 12Prepared By编写:-. DATE日期:-Dickson Munyoki- Drilling Engineer 钻井工程师Checked By审核:-. DATE日期:-James Waithaka Senior Engineer, Drilling Operations 高级工程师，钻井操作Approved By批准: -. DATE日期: -James Njee Ass. Manager Engineering Logistics 副经理 工程/物流 Approved By批准: -. DATE日期: -Geoffrey Muchemi Geothermal Development Manager 地热开发经理TABLE OF CONTENTS目录1.0 GEOLOGICAL WELL PROGNOSIS OF WELL OW-11A地质井况预测32.0ANTICIPATED DRILLING PROBLEMS 钻井可能遇到的问题62.1 Surface Hole表层套管井眼尺寸: 2662.2 Intermediate Hole技术套管井眼尺寸: 17 62.3 Production Hole生产套管井眼尺寸: 12 62.4 Main Hole主井眼尺寸: 81/263.0 DRILLING PROGRAM 钻井设计83.1PHASE阶段 ISURFACE HOLE 一开套管井眼.93.1.1Drilling 26 Hole 钻26井眼93.1.2Surface Casing and Cementing Program表层套管和固井设计93.2PHASE II INTREMEDIATE HOLE PROGRAME 二开技术套管井眼103.2.1Drilling 17 hole 钻17 井眼103.2.2 Anchor Casing and Cementing Program 固定套管和固井设计113.3PHASE III PRODUCTION HOLE PROGRAM 生产套管井眼设计133.3.1Drilling 12 hole钻12 井眼133.3.2 Production Casing and Cementing Program 生产套管和固井设计133.4PHASE IV MAIN HOLE PROGRAM 主井眼153.4.1Drilling 8 Hole钻8 井眼154.0 PRODUCTION LINER PROGRAM 生产尾管设计165.0 WELL MEASUREMENTS 测井166.0 MATERIAL TRANSFERS 物料运输16APPENDIX A: FOAM AND AERATED DRILLING 泡沫和充气水钻井18APPENDIX B: OW-11A DIRECTIONAL DATA OW-11A井定向数据20APPENDIX C: BOP STACK 防喷器组21The BOP Stack 防喷器组21APPENDIX D: WELL MEASUREMENT 测井22APPENDIX E: ENVIRONMENT 环境保护241.0 GEOLOGICAL WELL PROGNOSIS OF WELL OW-11AOW-11A井地质井况预测WELL DATA 井参数Area 地区: OLKARIA GEOTHERMAL PROJECT奥卡利亚地热项目Field场区:OLKARIA EAST 东 奥卡利亚Site井区: OW-11Well No.井号: OW-11ALocation地点:E200021.167, N9901050.752Elevation海拔:1941.5115 masl Target目标:DIRECTIONAL 定向 (N135oE)TD 总井深:3000 mOBJECTIVE 目标 The well is a production well to cater for steam for unit IV and V in Olkaria I 项目井为产汽井，能为奥卡利亚I的IV 和 V单元提供蒸汽。 It will also confirm the resource to the South West of OW-21 同时能证实OW-21 井西南部的汽源。1. GEOLOGY 地质情况0-50 m Pyroclastics. The well has a thick layer of pyroclastics. This zone is soft and may cave in. 火山碎屑岩. 会遇到厚层的火山碎屑沉积，这一区域土况很软，可能发生凹陷。50-300 mRhyolite The zone consists of unaltered rhyolitic lavas. Major losses of circulations may occur. Washouts and cave inns may also occur. 流纹岩. 这一区域包含不易变形的流纹岩。可能有钻井液的大量流失，溃口和凹陷同样可能发生。300-500 m Rhyolite and Trachyte. The zone consists of unaltered rhyolitic lavas. Major losses of circulations may occur. Washouts and cave inns may also occur. 流纹岩和粗面岩. 这一区域包含不易变形的流纹岩。可能有钻井液的大量流失，溃口和凹陷同样可能发生。500-750 m Basalt. This zone consists of thin basaltic layers with minor trachyte in between. The rocks here are medium to hard and competent. Casing may be set in this zone. 玄武岩. 本段有薄的玄武岩层夹杂少量粗面岩。岩石中硬到硬且紧密。可考虑在本区下套管。750-850 m Tuff. Soft and altered zone. The clays may swell and care should be taken to avoid clogging the bit. 凝灰岩. 软且容易变形的区域。粘土可能膨胀，要注意避免钻头泥包。850-1100 m Trachyte and rhyolite. Trachyte and rhyolite with occasional tuff intercalations occur in the zone. The rocks are competent. 粗面岩和流纹岩. 本层有粗面岩，流纹岩和偶尔出现的凝灰岩夹层， 岩层硬实。1100-1300 mBasalt. This zone consists of mainly basalts with minor tuff intercalations. The rock here is medium to hard and occasionally fractured. Minor losses expected. 玄武岩. 本层主要是玄武岩和少量凝灰岩夹层。 岩石中硬到硬，有时会断裂。可能发生少量钻井液流失。1300-1500 mTrachyte. Medium soft to medium hard formation consisting of mainly trachyte with minor rhyolite. The formation is competent and therefore not much problems are expected here except minor losses. 粗面岩. 中软到中硬地层，主要包含粗面岩和少量流纹岩。 地层硬实，因此除少量钻井液流失不会有太多问题。1500-1700 m Trachyte and Basalt. The zone consists of trachytes with minor tuff and basaltic intercalations. The formation is hard and competent. 粗面岩和玄武岩. 本层主要包含粗面岩，少量凝灰岩和玄武岩夹层。 地层紧密硬实。1700-2200 mTrachyte. This zone consists of mainly trachyte and occasional minor and doleritic intrusives. 粗面岩. 本层主要是粗面岩，偶尔少量出现的辉绿岩。2200-3000 mTrachyte. This zone consists of mainly trachyte and occasional minor syenitic and doleritic intrusives. 粗面岩. 本层主要是粗面岩，偶尔少量出现的黑花岗岩和辉绿岩。2. SAMPLING取样Cutting samples are to be collected at 2 m interval. Half a litre sample of both inflowing and out flowing drilling fluids shall be collected after every 50 m interval. Geosweeps should be carried out with the request of the Rig Geologist if mixing of the cuttings is suspected.切削样本每2m收取一次。 每50m收取流入和流出钻井液各半升。如果切削混合物可疑，在地质工程师的要求下进行地层扫描。 NB:Air drilling should be commenced as early as possible to ensure better sample collection and also to avoid clogging the production zones. 注： 空气钻井应尽早实行，以确保较好的采样收集，同时避免堵塞产汽层。3. CORING取芯No cores are required for this well because the stratigraphy of the area is quite well understood, however the Rig Geologist may request for a core if need arises.本井并不要求取芯作业，因为对这一区域的地层情况已经相当了解。除非钻机地质师确定有必要。4. CASING套管Casing to 750 m is recommended in this well. 本井套管下到750m。2.0 ANTICIPATED DRILLING PROBLEMS钻井可能遇到的问题2.1 Surface Hole: 26 表层套管井眼尺寸：26 0-60MThe top part of the well has a thick layer of pyroclastics.This zone is soft and may cave in Drilling with mud is recommended. In case of major losses of circulation, the drilling fluid should be changed to water. 本井的最顶端有厚层的火山碎屑沉积，这一区域松软容易凹陷。推荐泥浆钻进，如果出现钻井液大量流失，替换成水钻进。 2.2 Intermediate Hole: 17 技术套管井眼尺寸：17 60 300m: Rhyolite. The zone consists of unaltered rhyolitic lavas. Major losses of circulations may occur. Washouts and cave inns may also occur. Drilling with water and high viscosity gel sweeps at every drill pipe connection is recommended. Aerated drilling is recommended if hole-cleaning problems are encountered. 流纹岩： 本层含有不易变形的流纹熔岩。可能有钻井液的大量流失，溃口和凹陷同样可能发生。因此建议用水钻进，并建议在每次下单根时配用高粘度药品。如果遇到井眼清洗问题，则建议改用充气钻井。 2.3 Production Hole: 12 生产套管井眼尺寸：12 300-750m: 300-500 m The zone consists of unaltered rhyolitic lavas. Major losses of circulations may occur. Washouts and cave inns may also occur. 这一地层有不易变形的流纹熔岩。可能发生循环液的大量流失，冲溃和凹陷同样可能发生。500-750 m This zone consists of thin basaltic layers with minor trachyte in between. The rocks here are medium to hard and competent. Casing may be set in this zone. Drilling with water and high viscosity gel sweeps at every drill pipe connection is recommended. Aerated drilling is recommended if hole-cleaning problems are encountered. 本层含有玄武岩层，夹有少量的粗面岩。岩石硬度中硬到硬，不易破碎。考虑在本层下套管。建议用水钻进，并在每次接单根时补充高粘度化学药品，若井壁需要清洁，则建议改用充气钻井。 2.4 Main Hole: 81/2 主井眼：81/2750-850 m The rock in this section is basically Tuff. It a Soft and altered zone. The clays may swell and care should be taken to avoid clogging the bit.这一段主要含凝灰岩。是软且易变形的区域。粘土可能会膨胀，要注意避免钻头泥包。 850-1100 m This section consists of Trachyte and rhyolite with occasional tuff intercalations. The rocks are competent. 本段包括粗面岩，流纹岩和不时遇到的凝灰岩夹层。 岩层紧密不易破碎。 1100-1300 mThis zone consists of mainly basalts with minor tuff intercalations. The rock here is medium to hard and occasionally fractured. Minor losses expected.本区域主要是玄武岩，和凝灰岩夹层。岩石中硬到硬，有时会断裂。可能会发生少量钻井液流失。 1300-1500 mThis zone comprises of medium soft to medium hard formation consisting of mainly trachyte with minor rhyolite. The formation is competent and therefore not much problems are expected here except minor losses.本层属中软到中硬地层，主要由粗面岩和少量流纹岩。地层构造紧密硬实。所以本段除了少量钻井液损失不会有太多问题。 1500-1700 m The zone consists of trachytes with minor tuff and basaltic intercalations. The formation is hard and competent.本段包含粗面岩和少量凝灰岩，以及玄武岩夹层。 地层构造硬实紧密。 1700-2200 m This zone consists of mainly trachyte and occasional minor and doleritic intrusives.本段主要含有粗面岩，和偶尔出现的少量辉绿岩。 2200-3000 m This zone consists of mainly trachyte and occasional minor syenitic and doleritic intrusives.本段主要含有粗面岩，偶尔出现少量的黑花岗岩和辉绿岩。3.0 DRILLING PROGRAM 钻井设计NOTE 1 注11. The Mast should be well leveled, and the travelling block should be centered with accuracy to avoid drilling off the center of the hole.井架应该架构平整，游车应在井口正中心以避免钻井时偏离井口。2. The Crown Block Saver should be checked for operation before every trip and after every slip-and-cut operation.在每次起下钻前及换钢丝绳后应当检测天车保护装置。3. The Derrick Escape line must be fixed to the monkey board and anchored to the ground at no more than 300 from the horizontal before spudding in. 开钻前井架逃生绳索应该在二层台和不超过水平地面30度地方固定。4. Smoking on the rig site is banned. Similarly, no naked flames should be lit on the rig site.井场上禁止抽烟。类似的，禁止点明火。5. For safety reasons, no single-mans jobs should be done in the cellar. It has to be two or more people always.基于安全因素，不允许1个人单独在井口方井作业。通常必须两人或两人以上。6. The drilling Ton-Miles must be calculated and recorded on the log sheets daily.钻井Ton-Miles进程每天必须计算和记录在记录表中。7. The Commissioning Project Manager, Toolpushers, and Drillers must read the drilling program before all major operations. The Commissioning Project Manager should discuss the program contents and operational procedures with the Drilling Engineer or Drilling Supervisor (KenGen) on duty. The two should proceed to ensure that all necessary preparations for the operation have been made.项目授权经理，井队长长和司钻必须在进行所有重要操作前阅读钻井计划。项目授权经理应和 钻井工程师或者KenGen当值钻井监督商讨设计内容和操作步骤。两方应进一步确保已做好所有必要的操作准备。8. Water for drilling operations will be supplied by KenGen at a flow rate of about 40 l/s (2400 l/min) from Lake Naivasha.钻井操作所需水由KenGen从Naivasha湖按约40升/秒（2400升/分钟）的流速供应。9. KenGen should ensure readiness of both the drilling pad and a re-circulating pond. KenGen应确保钻井场地和循环池准备就绪。3.1PHASE ISURFACE HOLE. 阶段1 表层套管井眼3.1.1Drilling 26 Hole钻26寸井眼Spud the well with mud and low pump speed to avoid massive washouts.Drill 26 hole to about 60m RKB. Use 8 drill collars and a 26 near bit stabilizer (to produce a better drill-hole). The over-hole below the expected 20 casing shoe depth should be about 2m unless the hole cleaning problems are encountered in which case the over-hole should be limited to about 4m.用泥浆和低泵速开钻以防止大规模的冲刷。钻26寸井眼至大约60米岩石层。使用8寸钻铤和一个26寸近钻头扶正器（钻出规则的通径孔）。在预期20寸套管鞋深下的过孔深应约为1米，假若遇到井眼清洗问题，过孔应该限制约为4米。Run mud with marsh funnel viscosity of 60-80 sec marsh funnel viscosity.泥浆为60-80秒马氏漏斗粘度。If circulations losses are encountered and cannot be regained with LCM materials, drill blind with water and high viscosity gel sweeps at every connection or more frequently depending on the hole conditions.如果遇到循环液漏失，且不能用堵漏材料恢复，每次下单根时或根据井下情况更频繁的采用水和高粘度药品。3.1.2Surface Casing and Cementing Program 表层套管和固井设计Casing套管1. Condition the hole and spot a high viscosity gel pill on bottom before tripping out. 清洗井眼，起钻前下入高粘度钻井液封井。2. Run 20” OD, 94 Ib/ft mild steel weld on casing with an on-site manufactured guide shoe. 下入外径20寸，94lb/ft低碳钢焊接套管，现场焊套管引鞋。3. Weld the joints together with low hydrogen rods 用低氢焊条焊接套管接头。4. Lower casing slowly. 缓缓地下放套管。5. Pump water through casing to condition the mud prior to cementing 固井前泵入清水清洗井眼。NOTE 2: In preparation for cementing, the Commissioning Project Manager, Tool pusher and cementing equipment operator will discuss the cementing program with the Drilling Engineer (KenGen) on duty at least two hours before the cement job. The Cementing equipment operator will be required to fill in the cement checklist indicating the blended cement available, slurry density, pumped volumes etc. The Cementing Engineer will ensure sample cans are available before cementing commences. 注2 在固井工作之前，项目经理、井队长和固井设备操作员将和KenGen当值钻 井工程师就固井计划至少讨论2小时。固井设备操作员需填写显示有可 用的混合水泥，水泥浆密度和泵入体积等的固井核对清单。固井工程师将 在固井前确保样品罐可用。Cementing 固井1. Call a safety meeting between the drilling crews and the cementing equipment operators. 在钻井成员和固井设备操作员之间开展安全会议。2. Cement the casing as cementing program provided by the Drilling Engineer (KenGen). 按照KenGen公司钻井工程师提供的固井设计固套管。3. Displace cement with water without plug. If no losses are observed, leave one to one and a half casing of cement not displaced. For this case install a valve immediately before the circulation swage to be used to provide a hydraulic lock after displacement. 用水代替干净水泥，不留水泥塞。如果发现没有漏失，留下一到一根半套管水泥塞。 替浆后，迅速在水泥头前安装一个阀门实现憋压。4. Wait on cement for 8hrs, or longer if samples have not set, cut off the landing joint and weld on the casing bowl. 候凝8小时，如果固井水泥浆样本没有凝固需要更长候凝时间，卸掉联顶节，焊环形 铁板。5. Nipple up the 21 BOP stack consisting of a single blind ram and an annular preventer. Test both the ram and the annular BOP to 300psi for 10 minutes each before drilling out cement at the shoe. Do not drill out cement until after a minimum of 12hrs W.O.C装上21 寸防喷器组，包括一个全封闭单闸板和一个环形防喷器。在钻开套管鞋前，闸板防喷器和环形防喷器各试压300psi，稳压10分钟。至少候凝12小时，再钻开水泥。3.2PHASE II INTREMEDIATE HOLE PROGRAME 阶段2-技术套管井眼设计3.2.1Drilling 17 hole 钻17 寸的井眼Run in hole with a slick BHA consisting of 17-1/2 bit, bit sub and 8 drill collars to drill out cement Drill out cement with water at low WOB and rotary speed in order to maintain low rotary torque. Drill ahead to 30m below the casing shoe and then trip out of the hole.下入底部钻具组合（包含17-1/2寸的钻头，钻头短节和8寸钻铤）钻开水泥。为保持低旋转扭矩，用水在低钻压和旋转速度下钻开水泥。先钻至套管鞋下30米处，然后起出。Run in hole with a pendulum BHA consisting of the 17-1/2 bit, bit sub, 8” drill collars and 17-1/2” blade stabilizer 20m above the bit to drill ahead. 在钻前下入钟摆式底部钻具组合，包括17-1/2寸的钻头，钻头短节，8寸钻铤和17-1/2寸翼式扶正器，翼式扶正器位于钻头上方20米处。Drill to a 13-3/8” casing depth of about 318m with a bentonite lime mud allowing 1.5 - 2m over-hole below the expected casing shoe depth. Run desilter continuously to maintain low mud weight.用膨润土石灰泥浆钻一个318m的13-3/8寸套管深度，允许钻过预期套管鞋深度1.5米至2米以下。连续运行除泥器以维持低的泥浆比重。If loss of circulation returns occurs attempt to regain it and if the loss cannot be healed, continue drilling blind with water and slug the hole frequently with high viscosity mud pills. Drill with high pumping rates on the hole to clean the hole. In the event that hole cleaning is a major problem, change the drilling fluid to stiff foam.泥浆漏失发生时要予以恢复，若无法恢复,则用水和高粘度泥浆药品频繁循环井眼。加大泵排量来清洗井眼。倘若井孔清洗成了重要问题，钻井液应采用高粘度泡沫。Ream the hole with the same BHA as used during the drilling operation, prior to running the 13 3/8 casing. The precise casing point will be picked by the Geologist, the Commissioning Project Manager, the drilling engineer on the basis of lithology, lost circulation zones, presence of competent rock. 在下13 3/8寸套管前进行钻井操作时，使用同样的底部钻具组合划眼。准确的套管下入点应由地质师，项目经理和钻井工程师根据岩性学，泥浆漏失区和存在的主要岩石的基础上进行选择。3.2.2 Anchor Casing and Cementing Program 固定套管和固井设计Casing 套管1. Circulate and condition mud, then spot a high viscosity gel pill before tripping out. Lay down the stabilizer and rig up to run casing. 循环和调整泥浆，然后在起钻前加入高粘度药品。装扶正器，下套管。2. Run13 3/8 K-55, BTC, 54.5Ib/ft casing but the top 2 joints to be 68Ib/ft as follows; - 下13 3/8寸K-55, BTC（偏梯形螺纹及接箍）套管，54.5Ib/ft ，但顶部2个68Ib/ft的接头应按照以下要求： a) Guide shoe use THREADLOCK 引鞋-加螺纹密封脂防松b) One joint of casing use THREADLOCK 一个套管接头-加螺纹密封脂防松c) Float collar use THREADLOCK浮箍-加螺纹密封脂防松d) Remainder of casing - no THREADLOCK use casing dope.剩余套管-不加螺纹密封脂，涂抹丝扣油Place casing centralizers as follows; -按以下要求放置套管扶正器：a) 1 middle of shoe joint. 套管 鞋接头中间 1个。b) 1 2m above float collar. 在浮箍上方2米1个c) 1 every 4 casing joints to surface.每4个套管接头有1个，至到地面。3Run casings no faster than 30 seconds per joint.每根套管下放时间不少于30秒。4Land casing off bottom with the special landing joint such that the screw on bowl will be at the correct height.用特殊的联顶节下放套管，保证凡尔螺纹处于正确位置。5Install the cementing head loaded with 13 3/8 OD top pl