高中英语Module3ViolenceofNaturePeriod3Grammar语法专题课+探究导学课型课件外研版.ppt

Module3TheViolenceofNaturePeriod3Grammar语法专题课过去完成时的被动语态和间接引语,.过去完成时的被动语态【课前热身】用所给词的正确形式填空Bythetimethetornadoended,morethan700people_(kill).CoghlantravelledbacktoCanadaafterhe_(bury)inTexas.,hadbeenkilled,had,beenburied,Shereturnedhomeandfoundallherfurniture_(ruin)bytheflood.Whenhewokeup,hefoundhishouse_(destroy)bythethunderstorm.,had,beenruined,hadbeen,destroyed,【课堂诠解】过去完成时的被动结构由“hadbeen+过去分词”构成,表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的被动的动作,句中常用by,before,until,when等词引导时间状语。,过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况:1.主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。常用于before,bythetime,until,when,after,once,assoonas等引导的状语从句中谓语动词是一般过去时,以及by,before,until+过去的时间点。,Bytheendoflastyear,20,000cars_.到去年年末,(该厂)已经生产了两万辆轿车。Theclassroom_beforetheteachercame.老师来之前,教室还没有打扫。,had,been,produced,hadnt,been,cleaned,Howmanybuildings_whenthehurricaneended?飓风结束时有多少建筑被毁?Allofthedishes_tillthen.到那时盘子全部洗完了。,had,been,destroyed,had,been,washed,2.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词之后的宾语从句中,若表示过去某一被动动作时,用过去完成时。Theysaidtheproductioncosts_.他们说生产成本降低了。Iwastoldthatthebook_intheroom.我被告知把那本书落在那个房间里了。,had,been,reduced,had,been,left,3.根据语意可以判断出动作先后的用过去完成时。(用所给词的正确形式填空)Asthework_(do),hebegantowatchTV.Thegirldidwhatshe_(tell)to.,hadbeendone,hadbeentold,.间接引语【课前热身】将下列句子中直接引语转化为间接引语Tomsaid,“Iwanttogoshopping.”Tomsaid(that)_togoshopping.Thegirlaskedme,“Canyouhelpme?”Thegirlaskedme_couldhelp_.,he,wanted,if,I,her,Iaskedtheboy,“Whyareyoulateagain?”Iaskedtheboy_he_lateagain.Hesaidtome,“Shutthewindow,please.”Hetoldme_thewindow.,why,was,to,shut,【课堂诠解】直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语。将直接引语改为间接引语时,人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语作相应的变化。,1.直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时由连词that引导。Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”Hesaid_verymuch.他说他非常喜欢它。Hesaid,“Youtoldmethisstory.”Hesaidthat_thatstory.他说我给他讲过那个故事。,that,he,liked,it,I,had,told,him,【名师指津】口语中that可以省略;that从句之前常用say,tell等动词。2.直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时变成if/whether引导的宾语从句。Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John?”HeaskedJohn_hecouldswim.他问约翰是否会游泳。,if/whether,Iaskedhim,“Willyoustayathomeorgotoseeafilmtonight?”Iaskedhim_hewouldstayathome_gotoseeafilmthatnight.我问他那天晚上他是待在家里还是去看电影。,whether,or,【名师指津】大多数情况下if和whether引导宾语从句时可以互换,但后紧跟ornot时,一般用whether。,3.直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时特殊疑问句变为由who,what,when,where,why,how等疑问词引导的宾语从句(但注意从句须是陈述语序)。Hesaid,“WhereisMrWang?”Heasked_.他问王先生在哪里。,where,Mr,Wang,was,Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhismother_it.他问他妈妈是怎么找到它的。,how,she,had,found,4.直接引语是祈使句,变为“主语+ask/order/tell/beg等+宾语+宾语补足语(动词不定式)”这一句型。Theteachersaid,“Listentomecarefully.”Theteacher_us_listentohercarefully.老师告诉我们认真听她讲。,told,to,“Donttouchanythinginthelab.”theteachersaidtous.Theteacher_us_touchanythinginthelab.老师告诉我们不要动实验室里的任何东西。,told,not,to,【巧学助记】人称的变化一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。即直接引语的第一人称取决于主句的主语,第二人称取决于主句的宾语,第三人称一般不变。,*Hesaid,“Imforty.”Hesaidthathewasforty.(一随主)*Shesaidtome,“Yourpronunciationisbetterthanmine.”Shetoldmethatmypronunciationwasbetterthanhers.(二随宾)*Theysaid,“IseverythingOK?”TheyaskedifeverythingwasOK.(第三人称不更新),5.直接引语变间接引语时,如果谓语动词是过去式,时态的变化如下:,注意:情态动词也作相应改变:cancould;maymight;mustmust/hadtoHesaid,“IusuallywatchTVonSunday.”Hesaidthatheusually_TVonSunday.Hesaid,“Imusingtheknife.”Hesaidthathe_theknife.,watched,was,using,Hesaid,“IllgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”Hetoldusthathe_usanexaminationthenextMonday.Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”Hesaidthat_tohelpme.Shesaid,“IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay.”Shesaidthatshe_fromhimsinceMay.,would,give,he,had,come,had,not,heard,Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”Hesaidthathe_hishomeworkbeforesupper.Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”Hetoldusthathe_tocollegein1994.,had,finished,went,Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”Ourteachertoldusthatlight_fasterthansound.,travels,【名师指津】(1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等,主句尽管是过去时态,变成间接引语时,时态仍然用一般现在时态。(2)直接引语变间接引语时,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词等要作相应的变化。但是,如果转述时对话人双方就在原来的地方,或在说话的当天,就不必改变相应的时间状语、地点状语等。总之,对这些变化不能机械理解,应根据实际情况来决定所作的变化。,(3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序。,【课堂小结】1.过去完成