英语连词复习资料(PPT).ppt

连词,ProducedbyZhangYaling,概念,连词是一种虚词,它不能独立地担任句子成分,只是连接词与词、短语与短语以及句子与句子的作用。英语中连词只要分两类：并列与从属连词。并列连词：用来连接平行的词、短语或分句。从属连词：用来引导一个从句。,连词是用来连接词、词组和句子的虚词。分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词连接两个分句，构成并列句。用从属连词引起两个分句，构成复合句。,并列连词：a.并列关系：and，aswellas,eitherornotonlybutalso，bothandneithernor.b.转折关系：but，yet，or.c.因果关系：for，so.d.选择关系：or，eitheror.并列连词连接两个分句，构成并列句。,1.andNowstopblowing,andsoonyouwillfindtheglassclearagain.Tenminutesearlier,andwecouldhavecaughtthelastbus.,and在此表示条件，等于ifyoustopblowingnow,you.Ifwecameheretenminutesearlier,we,2.notonlybutalso/aswellasNotonlythemotherbutalsothechildrenaresick.Themotheraswellasthechildrenissick.,不但妈妈而且孩子也病了。,不但孩子们而且妈妈也病了。,连接主语时，强调的方面不同，谓语动词在人称、数上也要调整。,orTheelephantisntlikeawall,oraspear,orasnake,oratree,neitherishelikeafan.,在否定句中并列成分的列举通常用or来连接，不用and。,从属连词：用来连接各种从句。主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句连接词有：that,if,whether,as连接代词：who，whom，whose，whatwhich,whatever,whoever,whichever连接副词：when，where，why，how，wherever,whenever,从属连词：用来连接各种从句。2.状语从句引导时间状语从句连词有：as,when,while,till,notuntil,until,before,since,assoonas,hardly/scarcelywhen,nosooner.than,once,themoment,theminutethat,bythetime引导让步状语从句连词有：although,though,evenif,eventhough,nomatter+who(what,when,how,where)或whoever,whatever,wherever,however等as,though(要用倒装),从属连词：用来连接各种从句。2.状语从句引导原因状语从句连词有：because,asfor,since,nowthat引导地点状语从句连词有：where,wherever引导目的状语从句连词有：sothat,inorderthat引导结果状语从句连词有：sothat,suchthat引导方式状语从句连词有：as,asif(though)引导比较状语从句连词有：than,as引导条件状语从句连词有：if,unless,so(as)longas,incase,once,asfaras,onconditionthat,从属连词：用来连接各种从句。3.定语从句关系代词：who，whom，whose，which，that关系副词：when，where，why4.同位语从句同上（除that外）,一.几组时间状语从句1.till,notuntil,until,before,sinceDontgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.Hewaitedforhisfatheruntil(till)itwastwelveoclock.ItwillbefiveyearsbeforehereturnsfromEngland.,Observethefollowingsentences.till/untilTheyplayedvolleyballuntil(till)itgotdark.Theydidnttalkuntil(till)theinterpretercame.Hedidntgotobeduntil(till)hisfathercameback.,Tillthelastminuteofthematchwekeptonplaying.Tillhefinishedhisworkdidhegohome.Wewalkedtilltheedgeoftheforest.,until位于句首时，not开头的从句中，不能用till。until/till只能用于时间。,改为asfaras或to,F,几组时间状语从句2.hardly/scarcelywhen,nosoonerthan,once,assoonas,AssoonasIhavefinishedit,Illgiveyouacall.Onceyoushowanyface,hewillattackyou.Wehadhardlygotintothecountrywhenitbegantorain.(Hardlyhadwegotinto),一就,几组时间状语从句3.themoment,directly,immediately,theminutethat,Hemadeforthedoordirectlyheheardtheknock.4.eachtime,everytime,bythetimeEachtimehecametomycity,hewouldcallonme.,一就,Observethefollowingsentences.1.while是否可换为when?Pleasekeepquietwhileothersarestudying.Afriendofyourscametoseeyouwhileyouwereaway.,可以。while=atthetimethat,duringthetimethat谓语动词为持续性的动词。谓语一般为进行时,或状态动词的一般现在时。,Observethefollowingsentences.2.when是否可换为while?WhenIwentintothelab,theteacherwasdoinganexperiment.HeoftenmakesmistakeswhenheisspeakingEnglish.,when可指一段时间，也可指一点时间。引导的状语从句的谓语动词可是终止性的，也可是延续性的。主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时、进行时、完成时。,when不等于while,when=while,Observethefollowingsentences.3.as是否可换为while,when?AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Inoticedapolicecarinfrontofnumber37.,as可与when,while通用，但强调“一边一边”。,as=when,while,区别几组同义词连词:一.when，while，as“当时”*when+持续性V./+终止性V.e.g.HewasdoinghishomeworkwhenIcamein.*while+持续性动作，表示“在时”;表示对比“而”e.g.Strikewhiletheironishot.Iliketeawhileshelikescoffee.*as+延续性动词-“当的时候”;“一边一边”e.g.ImetherasIwascominghome.(=when)Shesangasshewalkedhome.Ashetalkedonhegotmoreandmoreexcited.,几组连词区别,ShecameupasIwascooking.Therunnersstartedasthegunwentout.,Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.,Pleasedonttalksoloudwhileweareworking.Hefeelasleepwhile/whenreading.,和when/while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作同时或几乎同时发生。,主句的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。,即可以表示在某一点的时候，又可以表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。,二.because(因为)，since（既然）,as(由于),for(因为)*“Whydidyoumovethere?”“_myfatherfoundajobthere.”Themanfainted(晕倒)_hewastiredandhungry.*_itisknowntoall,theearthmovesroundthesun.*_youcantanswerthequestion,perhapswedbetterasksomeoneelse.*Theoldladydoesntgooutinwinter,_shefeelsthecoldagreatdeal.,Because,because,As,Since,for,几组连词区别,下列情况只能用because1回答why问句时2用于强调句型中3被not否定时,三.sothat“以便，为了”(表示目的)=inorderthatsothat“以致于，结果”(表示结果)Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.Hegotuplatesothathedidntcatchthefirstbus.Itwasverycold,sothatthewaterinthebowlfroze.Shetookmedicineontimesothatshemightgetwellsoon.,“为了”,“结果”,“结果”,“为了”,sothat；suchthat“如此以致于”他是如此聪明的男孩,我们大家都喜欢他.Heis_acleverboythatallofuslikehim.她被吓坏了,以致哭了起来.Shewas_frightenedthatshestartedcrying.这是一个如此美丽的公园，以致人们喜欢在里面玩.Itis_beautifulaparkthatpeopleenjoyplayinginit.Thereis_muchinkinthebottlethatyoucanuseit.Thereare_manytextsinthebookthatwecantfinishlearningthisterm.,such,so,so,so,so,小结：such+名词（词组）thatso+形容词/副词that,四.“尽管”although,though,ase.g.Although/Thoughitwascold,hewentonworking.-Coldas/thoughitwas,hewentonworking.Although/Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.-Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.Although/Thoughyoureadfast,youcantfinishthebookinthreedays.-Fastasyouread,youcantfinishthebookinthreedays.,小结：although/though用于正常语序。as/though用于倒装语序，即将表语、状语、动词原形提前！,五.疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeinshop.Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished.Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.,疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句和让步状语从句nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。,六.if,whether“是否”Sheasked_Itooksugarinmytea.Idontcare_itdoesntrain.=Idontcare_itrainornot._hewillcomeornotisunknown.Theydiscussed_theyshouldhelpher.Weareconsidering_togo.Itisstillaquestion_theywillfinishthetaskintime.,if,whether/if,whether,Whether,whether,whether,whether,七.whether和if的区别Idontcarewhetherhewillattendmybirthdaypartyornot.Idontcarewhetherornothewillattendmybirthdayparty.2.Ihaventdecidedwhethertoleaveornot.3.WhethertheywillgototheGreatWallisnotknown.,和not连用,whether可接不定式,引导主语从句，放在句首时，只能用whether,whether和if的区别4.Thequestionwhetherwewilltakepartinthephysicscontesthasnotbeendecided.Thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishthetaskontime.5.Itdependsonwhetheryouwanttodoitornot.,引导同位语从句、表语从句，通常用whether,whether可做介词的宾语从句的连接词,whether和if的区别6.Ifyouworkhard,youaresuretosucceed.7.Iwonderifhecannotdomeafavor.Hehadnoideaifhecouldnotfinishthetaskintime.,if可用来引导条件状语从句,从句用于否定结构时，必须用if,Practice:1.Hurryup,_youllbelate.2.Studyhard,_youllmakeprogress.3.Ihadtriedhard,_Ifailed.4.Iwasgoingtojumpintotheriver_theguidecalledouttome.5.Shecould_readGerman_speakitwell.,or,and,but,when,both,and,6.Youmay_doityourself_leaveittome.7.Icantswim,_canmysister.8.Itmustberaining,_itissodarkoutside.9.Theproblemwasveryhard,_,weworkeditoutintheend.,either,or,neither,for,otherwise,10.ShehadmuchdifficultyinstudyingEnglish,_weshouldgivehermorehelp.11.WehavestudiedEnglishforonlyayear,_wecanalreadyactplaysinEnglish12._he_Iamfromthenorth.13.Youcan_stayatschool_Cometospendtheholidaywithus.,so,but,Notonly,butalso,either,or,14.Idontknowhim