小学英语语法讲解及练习.doc

语法及练习1 be动词Be 动词的用法： （1）be动词有三种：am， are ，is。口诀：我用am,你用are，is连接他，她，它。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。（不可数名词当单数名词看）（2）肯定和否定句: I am a student. 我是学生。/I am not a student. 我不是学生。肯定句变否定句口诀：在be动词后加一个否定词not。（3）一般疑问句：Are you a student? Yes, I am./ No, I am not.你是学生吗？是的，我是。/不，我不是。 肯定句变一般疑问句口诀：be动词往前冲，大写，问号；第一二人称互换。练习一：用恰当的be动词填空。 1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher.5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. How _ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _ they? 11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I? 13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14. Here _ a scarf for you. 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me. 19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. Gao shans shirt _ over there. 21. My sisters name _Nancy.22. This _ not Wang Fangs pencil. 23. _ David and Helen from England? 24. There _ a girl in the room. 25. There _ some apples on the tree. 26. _ there any kites in the classroom? 27. _ there any apple juice in the bottle? 28. There _ some bread on the plate. 29. The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 30. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 16. There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 17. You, he and I _ from China.练习二：把肯定句变成否定句和疑问句，要求回答。1. He is a boy.否定句： 疑问句： 回答：2. That is a lovely girl. 否定句： 疑问句： 回答：3. These are apples否定句： 疑问句： 回答：4. You are a good teacher.否定句： 疑问句： 回答：语法及练习2 人称代词和物主代词人称代词和物主代词 1人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。 2物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。 一.填写代词表。人称代词主格I itwe宾格youthem物主代词形容词性 hisyour名词性hers二. 选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾，并写出词性。1. That is not（my / mine）kite. That kite is very small, but（my / mine）is very big. 2. The dress is（her / hers）. Give it to（her / she）.3. Is this（your / yours）watch? No, its not（my / mine）. 4. ( He / Him) is my brother. ( He / His) name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are ( he / his). 5. ( We / Our ) dresses are red. What colour are ( your / yours )?6. Here are many dolls, which one is ( her / hers )? 7. I can find my toy, but wheres ( your / yours )? 8. Show (they / them) your kite, OK? 9. I have a beautiful cat. ( It / Its ) name is Mimi. These cakes are ( it / its ). 10. Are these ( they / their) tickets? No, ( they / their) are not ( their / theirs). 11. Shall ( we / our) have a look at that classroom? That is ( we / our) classroom. 12. ( She / Her ) is my aunt. Do you know ( she / her ) job? ( She / Her ) is a nurse. 13. That is not ( he / his) camera. ( He / His) is at home. 14. Where are ( they / them) ? I cant find ( they / them). Lets call ( they / their) parents. 15. Dont touch (it / its). (It / Its) is not a cat. (It / Its) is a tiger! 16. ( She / Her ) sister is ill. Please go and get ( she / her ). 17. ( We / Our ) dont know her name. Would you please tell( we / us) ?18. So many dogs. Lets count (they / them). 19. I have a lovely brother. ( He / His) is only 3. I like ( he / him) very much. 20. May I sit beside( you / your)? 21. Look at that desk. Those book are on (it / its). 22.The girl behind (she / her) is our friend. 语法及练习3 名词复数和动词第三人称单数一、名词复数规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books书、bag-bags包、 cat-cats猫、 bed-beds床 2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses公车、 box-boxes盒子、 brush-brushes刷子、 watch-watches手表 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families家庭、 strawberry-strawberries草莓 4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives小刀 5. 以o结尾的表示“有生命”的事物加-es 如：tomato-tomatoes西红柿、potato-potatoes土豆、mango-mangoes芒果、hero-heroes英雄、negro-negroes黑人以o结尾的表示“无生命”的事物加-s 如：radio-radios收音机、piano-pianos钢琴、photo-photos相片 6不规则名词复数： man-men男人、 woman-women女人、policeman-policemen男警察、policewoman-policewomen女警察、 foot-feet脚、 tooth-teeth牙齿、mouse-mice 老鼠、child-children 人、fish-fish鱼、 deer-deer鹿、sheep-sheep羊、people-people人、 Chinese-Chinese中国人、 Japanese-Japanese日本人 练习：写出下列各词的复数。 I 我_ he他 _ this这 _ sheep羊 _ watch手表 _ book书_ child孩子 _ photo相片 _ diary日志 _ day日子_ foot脚_ dress 连衣裙_ tooth牙齿_ mango芒果 _ box盒子_ strawberry草莓 _ thief 小偷_ yoyo溜溜球 _ peach桃子_ man男人_ woman女人_ sandwich三明治 _ paper纸_ hero英雄 mouse老鼠 map地图 flag旗子 brother兄弟 bus公车 dish碟子 baby婴儿 boy男孩 city 城市 family家庭 girl女孩 fox狐狸 tomato 西红柿 pencil-box 笔盒 Sunday星期日 dictionary字典 match比赛 exam考试 bed床 cake蛋糕 milkman送牛奶的人 radio收音机 photo相片 negro黑人 deer鹿 people人 二动词第三人称的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks做饭, milk-milks挤奶 2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses猜, wash-washes洗, watch-watches看, go-goes去 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies学习 练习: 写出下列动词的第三人称单数。drink 喝_ go去_ stay逗留 _ make 做_ look 看_ have有_ pass过去_ carry搬运 _ come来_ watch看_ plant种植_ fly飞 _ study学习_ brush刷_ teach教书_ do做 wash洗 eat吃 take 带去 jump跳 语法及练习4 一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍 一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1. be型：主语+be动词+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.do型：主语+行为动词+其它。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1.be型：否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? 你是学生吗？-Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 是的/不是。特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 风筝在哪里？2.do型：否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread. 我不喜欢面包 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如：He doesnt often play football. 他不喜欢踢足球。一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如： Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 她骑自行车上班吗？是的/不是。特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How +does your father go to work? 一般现在时用法专练: 一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday. 二、按照要求改写句子。 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) _ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答) _ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ 5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句) _ 6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句) _ 7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问) _ 8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问) _ 9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ 10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句) _ 三、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English? _ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class. _ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _ 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _ _ 语法及练习5 现在进行时现在进行时 1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 通常会出现标志词“now，look，listen”2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为： 疑问词+ be + 动词ing? 动词加ing的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3重读闭音节结尾的单词，如果末尾是一个元音字母（a,e,i,o,u）和一个辅音字母，元音字母不发字母本来的音，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping ，swim-swimming, get-getting, shop-shopping, begin- beginning 现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词： play_ run_ swim _ make_ go_ like_ write_ skate_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_ put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_ stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_ do let _ close _ come _ snap _ help _ eat _ smell _ cut _ shop _ share _ clap _ cross _ shake _ stamp _ watch _ use _ jump _ forget _ spell _ clean _ turn _ sweep _ paint _ move_ drive _ walk _ waste _ follow _ climb _ hike _ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空： 1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 三、句型转换： 1. He is doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) _ _ 2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) _ _ 3They are playing football on the playground .(对划线部分进行提问) _ 4Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问) _语法及练习6 将来时将来时一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本结构：be going to + do； will+ do. 三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）l后加not 或 情态动词will后加not成wont。例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? 五、对划线部分提问：一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1. 问人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon. 2. 问干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3. 问什么时候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed? 六、同义句：be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 练习：填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball. What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 _ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _ you _ _ meet? 改句子： 5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy _ going to go camping. 6. Ill go and join them.（改否定） I _ go _ join them. 7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句） _ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问） _ _ she _ _ _ after school? 10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow. 用所给词的适当形式填空：11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 12. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week. 13. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike. 14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 15. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects. 16. What _ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows. 17. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 18. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday. 19. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 20. I _ (plan) for my study now.语法及练习7 一般过去时一般过去时 1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。 2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasnt） are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent） 带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：didnt +动词原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则： 1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 5不规则动词过去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 过去时练习：写出下列动词的过去式 isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_ play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_ worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_ put _ throw_ kick_ pass_ do _ Be动词的过去时练习一、用be动词的适当形式填空。 1. I _ an English teacher now.2. She _ happy yesterday. 3. They _ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends. 5. The little dog _ two years old this year. 6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here. 7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday.8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited. 二、句型转换。 1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 三、 中译英。 1我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。 _ 2他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。 _ 3一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。 _ 行为动词的过去时练习 一、用动词的适当形式填空。 1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night. 3