2018高考英语短文改错设题方式讲解与选练题附(解析)答案.doc

2018高考英语短文改错：设题方式讲解与选练题附（解析）答案短文改错的设题方式：【一】错词 【二】漏词 【三】多词一短文改错的设题方式-错词：错词的情况归纳起来大致可分为虚词选择错误、实词词形错误、同(近)义词、形似词选择错误等。1虚词错误介词错误。介词错误主要集中在介词的固定搭配、介词多词义的用法以及一些意义相近介词、副词和连词的混用等。1.After five years away in my hometown，I find that the neighborhood which I used to live in has changed a lot.(09全国卷I)析：“从离开，远离”应为短语 away from，不能与in搭配。应将in改为from。 连词错误主要表现: 句与句之间的关系混淆，是并列、转折、承接、还是表原因；连词与介词、副词的混用，一些连词具有多重功能和词性以及意义相近连词的区别等。1.I meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon，and I was held up on my way back(09全国卷II) 析：分析前后两个句子可知，前面的句子与后面的句子存在转折关系，不是并列关系，应将 and 改为but。冠词错误：冠词的考查集中在：应该使用定冠词的地方使用了不定冠词；应该使用不定冠词的地方却使用了定冠词；不定冠词a与an的误用等。1.Three men were fishing when the angel appeared in the boat with them. （2009.四川卷）析：初次提到的人或物前应该用不定冠词，因此要将第一个the改为an。2实词错误 名词错误主要集中在：名词的单复数形式，特别注意不规则名词的复数形式；可数名词和不可数名词的混用；抽象名词具体化；名词的所有格等。1. I stayed there for one and a half hour and made sure that the girl was all right. （09全国卷II）析：one and a half 后接可数名词的复数形式，不能用单数。要将hour改为hours。 动词错误主要有：不规则动词的过去式、过去分词形式错误；时态的不一致性；语态的错用；非谓语动词用法的选择，特别是非谓语动词作状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语时是用过去分词还是现在分词；在 to 后是用不定式还是动名词；以及在并列结构中后面动词的形式；谓语动词时态形式的错用；情态动词和 will(would), shall (should) 等助动词后面的动词形式的误用等。1.There exist now a park that has a small river running through. （09全国卷I）析：句子中的there exist相当于there be形式，exist的形式跟后面的名词a park保持一致，因此exist要用单三形式exists。 形容词与副词错误主要表现在：这两类词的混用；形容词或副词的原级、比较级、最高级的混用等。1.The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop across the street from our middle school are gone. （09全国卷I）析：分析句子，句子中没有比较对象，不能用比较级，要将older改为原形old。 引导词错误：在复合句中引导从句的连接词的错误运用，特别是在定语从句中关系词的错误运用，宾语从句中连接词的误用等。1.One day I saw a second-hand bicycle, that was only one hundred yuan. I asked my father for the money. （09辽宁卷）析：非限制性定语从句的先行词指物时只能用which不能用that，应将that改为which。代词错误。代词考查主要集中在句子中代词的一致性、人称代词、反身代词、指示代词的混用等。1.When I was in high school, most of my friends had bicycles. I hoped I could also have it. （2009.辽宁卷）析：根据句义后面句子中的it与前面句子中的bicycles是一类物，表示泛指。因此要将it改为one。思维定势干扰错误。由于受汉语思维定势影响，造成一些英语词语的搭配错误。1.Im glad to say that anything has worked out fine in the dorm. （09海南、宁夏卷）析： anything意思是“任何事或任何物”，而everything表示“所有的东西或物”，很显然句子强调在宿舍的所有事情，应将anything改为everything。行文逻辑错误。高考短文改错中，涉及短文主旨大意及逻辑关系的错误这类试题的隐蔽性较强，单独看并没有错，但若放在整篇中则与全篇的意思不符。I stayed here for one and a half hours and made sure that the girl was all right.析：直接分析该句，没有任何错误，但结合上下文可看出句子是在转述过去发生的事情，不能用here，因此应将here改为there。二、短文改错的设题方式-漏词漏词考查主要集中在：名词前漏冠词；不及物动词后漏掉相应的介词。不定式前少了不该省的to；分句与分句之间往往漏掉相应的连词；句子中助动词、情态动词的遗漏。复合句中关系词、连接词的遗漏；以及句子中替代词的遗漏等。1.One day, the school held party, whereI was invited to talk about Tianjin. (08天津卷)析：初次提到的可数名词单数前面要加不定冠词，因此要在party前加不定冠词a。2.It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expecting anything（09浙江卷）析：在it is/was possible to do sth结构中，动词不定式符合不能省略，因此要在give前加to。三、短文改错的设题方式-多词多词考查主要集中在介词、副词、连接词、冠词、不定式符号to、代词、助动词等。这些词大都为虚词，在句子中的作用显得不大，但极易引起误用，是学生语言运用中最常犯的错误。1.The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to a supermarket.(09全国卷I)析：句子的意思为 “市场把位置让给了一个超市”。这里并不表示被动意义，要将been去掉。2. Im sorry that I wasnt able to return to your bike on time yesterday.（09全国卷II）析：return to的意思为返回到某地，而在句子中的意思为归还某物，不能加to，要将to去掉。A【2016四川】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。It is Mothers Day today.Though its a western festival, its popular in China now.Mom has a full-time job,so she has to do most of the houseworks.She is a great mother.Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mothers Day.We get up early in the morning.Dad cleaned the house,and then went on shopping.When he came back,I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.The dishes what I cooked were Moms favoritiest.At dinner,we said to her,“Happy Mothers Day！”Mom was grateful and moving. 【答案】 1.so-but 2.houseworks-housework 3.or-and 4.get-got 5.去掉on 6.her-his 7.在in和kitchen之间加the 8.what-that/which(或去掉what) 9.favoritest-favorite 10.moving-moved 6.her-his 句意：在爸爸手里。故把her-his。7.在in和kitchen之间加the 句意：我在厨房里做饭。此处特指在厨房里。故在in和kitchen之间加the。8.what-that/which(或去掉what) 此处考查引导定语从句的关系代词。句意：我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。The dishes 做先行词，指物，定语从句缺少引导词，从句缺少宾语，可知引导词在定语从句中作宾语，故把what-that/which(或去掉what)。9.favoritest-favorite “favorite”本身就是“最喜欢”，故把favoritest-favorite。10.moving-moved 句意：妈妈即感激有感动。故把moving-moved。 【名师点睛】表示情感的现在分词和过去分词surprising令人惊讶的，surprised感到惊讶；frightening令人害怕的， frightened感到害怕； moving令人感动的， moved 感动；exciting 令人兴奋的，excited 感到兴奋；boring令人厌烦的， bored感到厌烦；annoying令人烦恼的，annoyed感到烦恼的。现在分词的主语通常指事物；过去分词的主语通常指人。比如第10小题moving-moved 句意：妈妈即感激有感动。故把moving-moved。考点：考查短文改错B模拟短文改错.Today we went to climb the West HillEarly in morning 1_we started out and arrived an hour lateThen we began 2_to climbThe hill was high and some of us got tired 3_soon, and all of us were very excitedWe cheered 4_happily when we got the topWe had our lunch there 5_and had enjoyed ourselves very muchUnfortunately， 6_when we walked down the hill，We were caught by 7_a rainWe remained calmly，shared umbrellas and 8_raincoats and walked carefullyFinally we both reached 9_the parking lot safelyIn spite of the unexpecting rain 10_and wind，we had a good time【参考答案及解析】1. morning前加the 考查冠词的用法。注意习语in the morning。2. late改为later 考查副词比较级的用法。此处表示“迟到了一小时”，故用比较级。3. 正确 经分析本句正确。4. and改为but 考查句间的逻辑关系。根据文意此处为转折关系。5. got后加to或got改为reached 考查动词的用法。此处the top作宾语，故改为got to 或及物动词reached。6. 去掉had 考查动词时态。根据句中的and可知，前后是并列关系，时态应一致。7. by改为in 考查介词的用法。解题关键：掌握动词catch的用法，be caught in意为：遭遇。8. calmly改为calm 考查形容词的用法。此处remain为系动词，其后接形容词。9. both改为all 考查代词的用法。根据文意没有两者的范围。10. unexpecting改为unexpected考查分词的用法。此处unexpected意为：意料之外的。C【2015新课标全国II】 短文改错 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词作斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。One day , little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him drying and telling him to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. Mom said,“How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried. ” Tony promised her that this would never happen again.【答案】71. parent改为parents72. on改为in73. very去掉74. looks改为looking75. where改为that 或者去掉 where76. begun改为began77. telling改为told78. a改为the79. saw后加his80. terrible改为terribly73. very去掉 这里是“如此喜欢以至于”的意思，应该是：like so much that.74. looks改为looking after之后跟从句或v-ing形式，故looks改为looking 。 75. where改为that 或者去掉 where found后面的宾语从句是陈述句，故where改为that或者去掉where。76. begun改为began and前后的谓语动词时态要一致，故begun改为began。77. telling改为told and前后的谓语动词时态要一致，see和tell是并列谓语，故telling改为told。78. a改为the 由上下文可知，此处shop是第二次出现，应该用定冠词，故a改为the。79. saw后加his 由上下文可知，他看到的是他的父母，故 saw后加his。80. terrible改为terribly 修饰形容词worried要用副词，故 terrible改为terribly。【考点定位】语法填空。【名师点睛】通过短短的100多个词，使考生能正确运用各类词和固定搭配，如动词、名词、副词、代词和连词，辨别并改正错误。总的说来，本题都是学生平时书面表达中常见的错误。多读多练习就能找出问题所在，也能对写作有帮助。D模拟短文改错.Of all my teachers ,Mr. Moore is the one who impress me 1_most. He is 34, so he looks young for his age. And hes one of 2_the most popular teacher in our school. Mr. Moore pays more 3_attention to his way of teaching, comparing with other teachers. 4_He tries different ways to make his classes actively and lively. 5_In his opinion, we should not only know “what”, but understand 6_“why”. So, instead giving us answers immediately, he encourages us 7_to think by myself whenever he puts forward questions. With his help, 8_weve learned from how to settle problems. He leads us to such a 9_wonderful world of “why” as we all admire and respect him. 10_【参考答案及解析】1. impress改为impresses考查主谓一致。此处先行词one前有the，故其后定语从句的谓语动词应和one保持一致，用单数。2. so改为but考查句间的逻辑关系。根据语境此处应为转折关系。3. teacher 改为teachers 考查名词的单复数。根据句中的one of 可知，后面的名词应用复数形式。4. comparing改为compared 考查固定短语。和。相比应用compared with/to。5. actively改为active考查形容词的用法。此处make 后接形容词作宾补。6. 正确 经分析本句正确。7.instead后加of考查固定短语。根据后面的giving可知，其前应用介词of。8. myself改为ourselves考查代词指代一致。根据文意反身代词应和us相一致。故用ourselves。9. 去掉from考查动词的用法。learn from意为：向。学习，此处不合文意。10. as改为that 考查固定句型。此处考查such。that。句型。E【2014辽宁卷】文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用斜线( )划掉。 修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(试题内容如下)Dear Jeremy and Alice，Although weve been delighted to have you as neighbors, were hoping to settle something that bothers to us. In a word, your dogCleo.Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking. It is difficult tounderstanding why she barks every minute shes outside. The early morning barkinghave been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. Beside, Cleo tends tobark a average of six hours a day. This morning she starts barking even before 5oclock. That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure agood way of settling the matter.Sincerely, Jack and Rose 【答案】去掉totime改成timesunderstanding改成understandhave改成hasbeside改成besidesa改成anstarts改成startedclosely改成closeour改成yourfigure后面加out句意：每天早上吠叫都会打扰我，因为我一晚上都会熬夜照顾孩子。主语是动名词，谓语用单数：have改成has句意：此外，Cleo往往一天平均吠叫六次。Beside是介词“在旁边”，改成besides副词，“此外”。考查冠词：average是元音开头的单词，所以a改成an句意：今天早上她甚至在5点前就开始吠叫了。因为是今天早上的事情，所以用一般过去式：starts改成started句意：这对我们太吵了，想象一下房子是多么的近啊。这里用形容词做表语。closely改成close句意：我们感谢你们的道歉和祝愿，物主代词错误，our改成your考查词组：figure out想出。句意：我们希望你能想出一个解决问题的好办法。考点：考查短文改错F模拟短文改错.Time seem limited for us Senior Three students. 1_Therefore, more and more student are studying from early 2_morning till lately afternoon, even during the ten-minute 3_break. In my opinion, Take a break between classes is 4_not necessary. Otherwise, we will feel tired both physically 5_and mentally. During the break, we should do something 6_to get rid of tiredness. What they need is to have a real rest, 7_instead getting more tired. My break is always pleasing. 8_Sometimes I take some simple exercise. Sometimes I had a free 9_chat with my classmates or just take a walk outside. While the 10_next class begins, I feel fresh again.【参考答案及解析】1. seemseems 考查主谓一致。此处time是主语，谓语动词用单数。2.studentstudents 考查名词的单复数。根据后面的are可知用复数形式。3.latelylate 考查形容词、副词的用法。修饰名词afternoon应用形容词。4.Taketaking考查动名词的用法。此处动名词短语作主语，故用动名词形式。5.去掉not 考查语境的理解。根据文意应为肯定意思。6. 经分析本句正确。7 they.we 考查代词指代一致。通篇文章都在谈论我们的事情，故用we。8. instead 后加of 考查固定短语。根据后面的getting可知用instead of。9.hadhave 考查动词时态。根据时间副词sometimes可知用一般现在时。10.WhileWhen考查状语从句的连接词。根据文意用when“当。的时候”。G【2016浙江】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删减或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多着（从第11处起）不计分。 When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years late. Every time he arrived home at end of the day ,wed greet het at the door. He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us, Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers. While they chat, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge. It was both excited and frightening to be up there！My sister and I thought he was so cool for putting us there.WhenIwasaveryyoungchildren,myfathercreatedaregularpracticeIr childememberwellyearslate.Everytimehearrivedhomeatendoftheday, later thewedgreetheratthedoor.Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowing him were knowus,Thenheandmymotherwouldhavehadadrinkwhilesheprepareddinnerandtheywouldtalkabouthisdayandhers.Whiletheychat,myfatherwouldliftmysisterand chatted meuptositinthetopofthefridge.Itwasbothexcitedandfrighteningtobeupthere！on exciting66.【答案】children改成child【解析】试题分析： 因为前面有不定冠词a，所以这里用单数。故children改成child。考点：考查名词单复数67.【答案】late改成later【解析】试题分析： late是形容词“迟的”，或副词“迟地”，但是“一段时间后面应该接later”，表示“时间以后”。故late改成later。考点：考查副词68.【答案】at后面加the【解析】试题分析： at the end of为固定搭配，意为“在结束的时候”。故at后面加the。考点：考查冠词69.【答案】her改成him考点：考查代词70.【答案】was改成were【解析】试题分析： 这句话的主语是we，谓语用复数，而且这篇文章是作者回忆小时候的事情，用一般过去时。故was改成were。考点：考查主谓一致71.【答案】knowing改成know【解析】试题分析：pretend后面接不定式作宾语，这里是否定式pretend not to do。故knowing改成know。考点：考查动词不定式72.【答案】去掉had【解析】试题分析：句意：他和我妈妈会喝些东西。这里不是虚拟语气，不能用would have done，用would do表示“过去常常做”。故去掉had。考点：考查动词形式73.【答案】chat改成chatted【解析】试题分析：根据主句内容myfatherwouldliftmysister可知while引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。故chat改成chatted。考点：考查动词时态74.【答案】in改成on【解析】试题分析：on the top of为固定搭配，意为“在顶部”。故in改成on。考点：考查介词75.【答案】excited改成exciting考点：考查形容词【名师点睛】高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。考点层次越高，就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方面的考查，而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。这篇短文主要是一些词法错误，词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；名词的单复数和名词的所有格；动词的时态、语态、语气，情态动词和非谓语动词等；人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。例如：本题中的 66. children改成child（名词单复数错误）67. late改成later（副词错误）68. at后面加the（冠词错误）69. her改成him（代词错误） 71. knowing改成know（非谓语动词错误）72.去掉had（虚拟语气错误）73. chat改成chatted（动词时态错误）74. in改成on（介词错误）75. excited改成exciting（形容词错误）H模拟短文改错.The other day my father called me, that at first made 1._me very glad because of he seldom calls me. I was extra 2._happy for that day was his birthday and I thought he 3._remembered the date. But to my disappoint, our talk was 4._so short and ended so soon. My father called only tell me 5._that he has put another 1,000 yuan to my account, then hung 6._up after I could even tell him that it was my birthday. Tears 7._of sadness came to my eye. Honestly, I understand that he 8._loves me just as true as my mom, but Id prefer to hear 9._him say it out to me on my birthday 10._【参考答案及解析】1.that改为 which 考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。 此处which替代前文整个句子的内容。2.去掉of 考查状语从句的连接词。根据后面的句子he seldom calls me可知用because。3. his改为my 考查代词指代一致。根据文意应是“我的生日”。4. disappoint改为disappointment考查固定短语的用法。此处to是介词，其后用名词。5. only后加to 考查不定式作目的状语